Jane-Austen 簡·奧斯汀 PPT 文學(xué)史

JaneAusten

Anovelistwritingforwomenandherlove制作人:楊雅菲王曼妮李師同2021/5/91IntroductionsJaneAusten(December16,1775~July18,1817)Englishnovelist.ShewasborninaruraltownnamedSteveBurton.Therearesixbrothersandonesisterinherfamily.Austindidnotgotoregularschool,butgainedgoodfamilyeducation.Themainlearningmaterialisherfather’sliterarybooks.2021/5/92Mainworks1811SenseandSensibility1813PrideandPrejudice(Firstexpression)1814MansfieldPark1815Emma1818NorthangerAbbey1818Persuasion2021/5/93

ThelatestsurveyinEnglandshowsthattheidealmanmakingappointmentswithinEnglishwomen’seyesisMr.Darcy-----acharacterinthe1800snovelPrideandPrejudice.Evencool007Mr.Bondhastobeinthesecondplace,thesupermanisinthethirdplace.2021/5/94

SomethingaboutthetitleJaneAustenbeganhersecondnovel,PrideandPrejudice,beforeshewastwenty-one.ItwasoriginallytitledFirstImpressionbecausetheappearancesofthecharacterscreatedtheplotofthenovel.However,becausethenovelisalsoconcernedwiththeeffectsofthecharacter'sfirstimpressions,thatistheirprejudice,JanefoundthetitlePrideandPrejudicemoreappropriate2021/5/95FirstImpression(originaltitle)Themes:1.PrideandPrejudice2.LoveAndMarriageMainChracters:Bingley&Jane;Elizabeth&Darcy;Charlotte&Collins;Lydia&Wickham;Mr.&Mrs.Bennet2021/5/96"Singlewomenhaveadreadfulpropensity(tendency)forbeingpoor,whichisoneverystrongargumentinfavourofmatrimony(marriage)"

--JaneAusten,letterofMarch13,18162021/5/971.Mainconcernisaboutpersonalrelationships,particularlywiththatbetweenmenandwomeninlove.2.Writeswithinanarrowsphere,concernsthelandedgentryfamilieswiththetrivialincidentsoftheireverydaylife.2021/5/983.Realistic,Withkeenobservationandpenetratinganalysis.4.Extravagantuseofdialogues.5.Typicallyneoclassicallanguage,simple,easy,naturallylucidandveryeconomical.2021/5/99satire

/s?ta??(r)/

諷刺mercenary

/m??s?n?ri/只為金錢的

obsess

/?bses/嘮叨；掛牽；念念不忘

intellectual

/?nt?lekt?u?l/智力的；腦力的；理智的

subtle

/s?tl/不易察覺的；不明顯的；微妙的

perceptiveness/p?septivnis/感知力;覺察力convey表達(dá)，傳遞（思想、感情等）

2021/5/910courtship

求愛期；求愛；追求

complementary

/k?mpl?mentri互補(bǔ)的；補(bǔ)充的；相互補(bǔ)足的

reconcile

使和解；使和好如初

,使和諧一致；調(diào)和

flaw錯(cuò)誤；缺點(diǎn)品格上的）弱點(diǎn)，缺點(diǎn)gullible

/ɡ?l?bl輕信的；易受騙的；

complying遵從；服從；順從

vivacity

[vi’v?siti]活潑;快活;有生氣hasty

/he?sti/

匆忙的；倉促而就的；草率的spouse配偶

2021/5/911PrideandPrejudice,similartootherJaneAusten'snovels,iswritteningentleorHoraciansatire.ThemainobjectofJane'ssatireinthenovelisthemercenaryandtheignoranceofthepeople,acommoncriticismofthe18thcentury.CharactersinthenovelwhichbestcarriesthesequalitiesareMrs.Bennet,afoolishwomanwhotalkstoomuchandisobsesswithgettingherdaughtersmarried;LydiaBennet,theyoungestoftheBennetdaughterwhoisdevotedtoalifeofdancing,fashions,gossipsandflirting;andMr.WilliamsCollins,thesillyandconceitedbaboonwhoiscompletelystupifybyLadyCatherineineveryaspectofhislifethathehasforgottenhisownmoralsandduty.2021/5/912Thetoneofthenovelislight,satirical,andvivid.ScenessuchasMr.CollinsproposaltoElizabeth,andLadyCatherinevisitstoLizzyatLongbourn,providescomicrelieftothereaderwhileatthesametimerevealingcertaincharacteristicsofthecharacters.Forexample,Lydia'slackofcommonsenseandresponsibilityisrevealedwhenshetakesprideinbeingthefirstBennetgirltobemarried.Lydiadoesnottakeintoconsiderationthecircumstanceofhermarriage,thepersonalityofherhusband,ortheprospectsoftheirmarriageforthefuture.ElizabethBennet's

abilitytolaughoffhermisfortunateandtocontinuetobeoptimistic,consideringhersituation,alsocontributestothetoneofthenovel.

2021/5/913ThepointofviewinPrideandPrejudiceislimitedomniscient;thestoryistoldthroughElizabeth,butnotinfirstperson.Asaresult,themoodofthenovellacksdramaticemotions.Theatmosphereisintellectualandcold;thereislittledescriptionsofthesetting.Themainactionsofthenovelaretheinteractionsbetweenopinions,ideas,andattitudes,whichweavesandadvancestheplotofthenovel.Theemotionsinthenovelaretobeperceivedbeneaththesurfaceofthestoryandarenottobeexpressedtothereadersdirectly.Jane'spowersofsubtlediscriminationandshrewdperceptivenessisrevealedinPrideandPrejudice;sheisabletoconveysuchacomplexmessageusingasimple,yetwitty,style.

2021/5/914

Thebeginning……“IT

is

a

truth

universally

acknowledged,

that

a

single

man

in

possession

of

a

good

fortune

must

be

in

want

of

a

wife.

”

2021/5/915Themainsubjectinthenovelisstatedinthefirstsentenceofthenovel:"Itisatruthuniversallyacknowledged,thatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortune,mustbeinwantofawife."Inthisstatement,Janehascleverlydonethreethings:shehasdeclaredthatthemainsubjectofthenovelwillbecourtshipandmarriage,shehasestablishedthehumoroustoneofthenovelbytakingasimplesubjecttoelaborateandtospeakintelligentlyof,andshehaspreparedthereaderforachaseinthenovelofeitherahusbandinsearchofawife,orawomeninpursuitofahusband.ThefirstlinealsodefinesJane'sbookasapieceofliteraturethatconnectsitselftothe18thcenturyperiod

2021/5/916PrideandPrejudiceis18thcenturybecauseoftheemphasisonmaninhissocialenvironmentratherthaninhisindividualconditions.Theuseofsatireandwit,acommonformof18thcenturyliterature,alsocontributestolabelthebookas18thcentury.However,becauseJaneAustenhadallowedpersonalfeelingsofthecharacterstobeexpressedinherwork,shecanalsobeclassifiedasRomantic.InthefigureofElizabeth,JaneAustenshowspassionattemptingtofindavalidmodeofexistenceinsociety.Passionandreasonsalsocomestogetherinthenoveltoshowthattheyarecomplementaryofmarriage.

2021/5/917Therearesevendifferentmarriagespresentedinthenovel.ExcludingtheGardinerandtheLucas,theremainingfivemarriagescontrastseachothertorevealJane'sopinionsandthoughtsonthesubjectofmarriage

2021/5/9181.ThemarriagebetweenDarcyandElizabethrevealsthecharacteristicswhichconstitutesasuccessfulmarriage.Oneofthesecharacteristicsisthatthefeelingcannotbebroughtonbyappearances,andmustgraduallydevelopbetweenthetwopeopleastheygettoknowoneanother.Inthebeginning,ElizabethandDarcyweredistantfromeachotherbecauseoftheirprejudice.Theseriesofeventswhichtheybothexperiencedgavethemtheopportunitytounderstandoneanotherandthetimetoreconciletheirfeelingsforeachother.Thus,theirmutualunderstandingisthefoundationoftheirrelationshipandwillleadthemtoapeacefulandlastingmarriage.ThisrelationshipbetweenElizabethandDarcyrevealstheimportanceofgettingtoknowone'spartnerbeforemarrying.

2021/5/9192.ThemarriagebetweenJaneBennetandBingleyisalsoanexampleofsuccessfulmarriage.JaneAusten,throughElizabeth,expressesheropinionofthisinthenovel:

"....reallybelievedallhis[Bingley]expectationsoffelicity,toberationallyfounded,becausetheyhadforbasistheexcellentunderstanding,andsuper-excellentdispositionofJane,andageneralsimilarityoffeelingandtastebetweenherandhimself."(Chapter55)

2021/5/920However,unlikeDarcyandElizabeth,thereisaflawintheirrelationship.Theflawisthatbothcharactersaretoogullibleandtoogood-heartedtoeveractstronglyagainstexternalforcesthatmayattempttoseparatethem"You[JaneandBingley]areeachofyousocomplying,thatnothingwilleverberesolvedon;soeasy,thateveryservantwillcheatyou;andsogenerous,thatyouwillalwaysexceedyourincome."(Chapter55)

2021/5/9213.Obviously,LydiaandWickham'smarriageisanexampleofanbadmarriage.Theirmarriagewasbasedonappearances,goodlooks,andyouthfulvivacity.Oncethesequalitiescannolongerbeseenbyeachother,theoncestrongrelationshipwillslowlyfadeaway.Asinthenovel,LydiaandWickham'smarriagegraduallydisintegrates;Lydiabecomesaregularvisitorathertwoeldersister'shomeswhen"herhusbandwasgonetoenjoyhimselfinLondonorBath."Throughtheirrelationship,JaneAustenshowsthathastymarriagebasedonsuperficialqualitiesquicklycoolsandleadstounhappiness

2021/5/9224.AlthoughlittleistoldofhowMr.BennetandMrs.Bennetgottogether,itcanbeinferredbytheirconversionsthattheirrelationshipwassimilartothatofLydiaandWickham-Mr.Bennethadmarriedawomanhefoundsexuallyattractivewithoutrealizingshewasanunintelligentwoman.Mrs.Bennet'sfavoritismtowardsLydiaandhercommentsonhowshewasonceasenergeticasLydiarevealsthissimilarity.Mr.Bennet'scommentonWickhambeinghisfavoriteson-in-lawreinforcesthisparallelism.TheeffectoftherelationshipswasthatMr.Bennetwouldisolatehimselffromhisfamily;hefoundrefugeeinhislibraryorinmockinghiswife.2021/5/923Mr.Bennet'sself-realizationattheendofthenovelinwhichhediscoversthathislackofattentiontowardshisfamilyhadleadhisfamilytodevelopthewaytheyare,wastoolatetosavehisfamily.HeisJaneAusten'sexampleofaweakfather.Inthesetwolatterrelationships,Austenshowsthatitisnecessarytousegoodjudgementtoselectaspouse,otherwisethetwopeoplewillloserespectforeachother.

2021/5/9245.Thelastexampleofamarriageisaofadifferentnaturethantheonesmentionedabove.ThemarriagebetweenMr.CollinsandCharlotte

isbasedoneconomicsratherthanonloveorappearance.ItwasacommonpracticeduringAusten'stimeforwomentomarryahusbandtosaveherselffromspinsterhoodortogainfinancialsecurity.However,JaneAustenviewedthisasatypeofprostitution(賣淫；為娼

)and

disapproved

ofit.InPrideandPrejudice,JaneAustendramatizesthisformofwomeninequalityandshowthatwomenwhosubmitsthemselvestothistypeofmarriagewillhavetosufferintormentingsilenceasCharlottedoes:

2021/5/925Conclusion:Thesefivemarriagescontributestothethemethatahappyandstrongmarriagetakestimetobuildandmustbebasedonmutualfeeling,understanding,andrespect.Hastymarriagesactingonimpulse,andbasedonsuperficialqualitieswillnotsurviveandwillleadtoinevitableunhappiness.

2021/5/926InPrideandPrejudice,Janehasdenounced(譴責(zé)；指責(zé)；斥責(zé)

)theelementsofmarriageandsocietythatshefounddistasteful(使人不愉快的；令人反感的；討厭

).Thesearetheconclusionsofherobservationofthepeopleinherworld.Howeverinherwriting,Janehasalsoreflectedherownenjoymentinlifeamongthesepeoplewithandwithouttheirfaults.

2021/5/927Thoughthestory'ssettingisuniquelyturnofthe19thcentury,itretainsafascinationformodernreaders,continuingnearthetopoflistsof'mostlovedbooks'andstillreceivesconsiderableattentionfromliterarycritics.ThismoderninteresthasresultedinanumberofdramaticadaptationsandaplethoraofnovelsandstoriesimitatingAusten'smemorablecharactersorthemes.Todate,thebookhassoldsome20millioncopiesworldwide2021/5/928SenseandSensibilityLoseyourheartandcometoyoursenses.

2021/5/929BriefPlotThestoryconcernstwosisters,ElinorandMarianneDashwood(Elinorrepresenting"sense"andMarianne"sensibility").AlongwiththeirmotherandyoungersisterMargaret,theyareleftimpoverishedafterthedeathoftheirfather,andthefamilyisforcedtomovetoacountrycottage,offeredtothembyagenerousrelative.2021/5/930ElinorformsanattachmenttothegentleandcourteousEdwardFerrars,unawarethatheisalreadysecretlyengaged.Aftertheirmove,MariannemeetsWilloughby,adashingyoungmanwholeadsherintoundisciplinedbehavior,sothatsheignorestheattentionsofthefaithful(butolder)ColonelBrandon.Thecontrastbetweenthesisters'charactersiseventuallyresolvedasbothfindloveandlastinghappiness.details2021/5/931JaneandElinorSenseand

Sensibility’sElinorDashwoodmirrorsJaneAusten'sstrait-lacedsenseofproprietyandherconcernandcareaboutfamilymembers.Janewas"practicalandsensible,andshedidwhatshethoughtbest".Forexample,afterherfatherdied,Janemanagedtogatherherselftogetherandsendherfather'spocketcompassandpairofscissorstoherbrotherFrankasamementooftheirfather.2021/5/932TheirrolesintheirfamiliesElinorinSenseandSensibilityisthesisterwhoholdsdownthefamilyanddiscussesthepracticalityofsituations.Shetoodistributescherishedmementosofherfatherwhenhedies.Elinoristhesisterwhoisconcernedwiththewelfareofherrelationsandtakesituponherselftolookaftertheirwell-being.FeelingafflictedwhenhersisterMarianneishurtbyWilloughby,shetriesherbesttocomforthersister,resolvethesituation,andfindoutthefactsofwhathappened.2021/5/933Janecanalsobeconsideredthebackboneofherfamily.Aftershedies,thefamilyisnotascloseastheywereduringherlifetime.Janebecameveryclosewithtwoofhernieces,FannyAustenandAnnaAusten.Shecounseledthemonmenandmarriagewhentheyreachedtheageofchoosingasuitor.Sheoftenhelpedwithdeliveringhersister-in-law'sbabies.Duringherthirties,shelivedwithherbrotherFrankforseveralweeks.Shecookedthemealsforhisfamilyandcaredforhischildrenwhilehiswifewasconfinedtoherbed.Afterseveralweeksofsuchalife,shefeltsheneededabreakandsolitude,butshecontinuedtohelpherbrotherandhisfamilyuntilherserviceswerenolongerneeded.LikethecharactershecreatesinElinor,shesticksbyherfamilyandhelpsthemwhentheyneedher.2021/5/934JaneandMarianneMarianneDashwood,Elinor'syoungersister,representsthetypeofgirlJanewantedtobe.Marianneislightandairywithaflightypersonality.Heremotionsdictateheractions.Jane'sniecesrememberherasbeing"youthful,playful,andinventive"beforesheprematurelyturnedintomiddle-age.OnlyonceinherlifedidJanebehavesimilarlytoMarianne,anditwasaneveningshereliveduntilherdeath.2021/5/935Whenshewastwenty,JaneattendedaballgivenbytheLefroysatManydownHouse.ThereshemetTomLefroy,ahandsomeyoungIrishmanwhohadcometostaywithhisauntanduncle.Janedancedandflirtedwithhimtheentireevening--morethanwasproperforayounglady.Inwritingtohersisterthenightaftertheball,Janewritesunabashedlyforhersistertoimagine"everythingmostprofligateandshockinginthewayofdancingandsittingdowntogether".ThroughoutheryearsofspinsterhoodshelookedbackontheeveningwhensheactedlikeMarianne,controlledsolelybyheremotions.Shedidnotletthedictatesofsocietycontrolherthatevening.End2021/5/936Mrs.DashwoodandherdaughtersElinor,Marianne,andMargaret,areimpoverishedafterthedeathofherhusband.Hisestate,Norland,mustpasstoJohnDashwood,hissonfromhisfirstmarriage.AlthoughJohnpromisedhisfatherthathewouldtakecareofthem,hisselfishwifeFannyeasilydissuadeshimfromgivingthemtheirfairshareoftheinheritance.ElinorbecomesattachedtoFanny'sbrotherEdwardFerrars.Edwardisaquiet,unassumingyoungmanwhodoesnotaspiretobethe"finefigureintheworld"hismotherandsisterwishhimtobe.Elinoradmireshisintelligenceandgoodsense.Edward'sfortuneisdependentonthewillofhismother.Elinorknowsthatshewouldnotlikehersontomarryawomanofaslowarankassheisanddoesnotallowherselftohopeformarriage.Plot2021/5/937Uncomfortableasunwantedguestsintheirformerhome,Mrs.DashwoodandherdaughtersmovefromNorlandtoBartonCottage.TheirlandlordisSirJohnMiddleton,wholivesinBartonPark.LadyMiddleton'smotherMrs.JenningsandColonelBrandonarestayingatBartonPark.Mrs.Jennings,agood-humoredwidow,thinksthatColonelBrandonisinlovewithMarianneandteasesthembothaboutit.MariannedisregardsherbecauseshepitiesColonelBrandonasanoldbachelorwhohasnochanceofinspiringloveinanyone.2021/5/938Onawalkinthecountryside,Mariannefallsandsprainsherankle.Willoughby,adashingandhandsomeman,carriesherbacktoBartonCottage.WilloughbybeginstovisitMarianneeverydayandtheybecomeveryclose.MargaretseesWilloughbycuttingalockofMarianne'shairtokeepwithhim.ElinoroverhearshimcallingMariannebyherfirstnameandbelievesthattheymaybesecretlyengaged.Willoughbyleavesabruptly,tellingtheDashwoodsthathemustgotoLondonandwillnotreturnforayear.HisdeparturegreatlyupsetsMarianne.2021/5/939EdwardFerrarscomestostayatBartonCottage.HoweverheseemsunhappyandisdistanttowardsElinor,andshefearsthathenolongerhasanyfeelingsforher.However,unlikeMarianne,shedoesnotwallowinhersadness.AnnandLucySteele,cousinsofLadyMiddleton,cometovisit.SirJohntellsLucythatElinorisattachedtoEdward.However,LucythenrevealstoElinorthatshe(Lucy)hasbeensecretlyengagedtoEdwardforfouryears.ShortlybeforetheDashwoodsleaveforBartonCottage,EdwardattemptstotellElinorofhisengagement,butbecauseofhisinabilitytotellElinorquickly,isinterruptedbyFannyandisunabletofinish.Elinorisovercomewithgrief,butshekeepstheinformationfromherfamilyasapromisetoLucy.2021/5/940ElinorandMariannespendthewinteratMrs.Jennings'homeinLondon.MariannewritestoWilloughby,butherlettersareunanswered.TheymeetWilloughbyataparty,butheiscoldandformalwiththem.HethensendsMariannealetterinwhichhedenieseverhavinglovedherandtellingherthatheisengagedtoaMissGrey,averywealthywomanofinferiorbirth.MarianneadmitstoElinorthattheywerenotengaged,butthatshestilllovedhimandthathe,whilehealsolovedherandgreatlyimplieditbutneveractuallysaidit.ColonelBrandonrevealstoElinorthatWilloughbyseducedhisfosterdaughterMissWilliamsandabandonedherwhenshebecamepregnant.TheColonelwasonceinlovewithMissWilliams'smother,whoresembledMarianneintemperament,butwhoselifewasdestroyedbyanunhappyarrangedmarriagetotheColonel'sbrother.2021/5/941Later,Mrs.JenningstellsElinorthatMrs.FerrarshasdiscoveredEdwardandLucy'sengagement.Edwardrefusestoendtheengagementandhismother,furiousbecauseofLucy'spoverty,disinheritshim.ElinorandMariannefeel