2018年專四真題虛擬語氣和情態(tài)動詞章振邦語法書頁數(shù)標(biāo)注

1、Subjunctive mood(P122, p. 129. P 143動詞過去完成體 P181-190, 395條件句14. wO ndered if I could have a word with you. The past tense in thesentence refers to a B . (p128) 2017A. past event for exact time referenceB. present event for tentativenessC. present event for uncertaintyD. past event for politenessV. i

2、n specific contexts,the simple past can also denote the present or the future time. There are two uses. One is known as theattitudinal past (屬 于 表態(tài)性過去時”(attitudinal past),即表示說話人當(dāng)前的 試探性態(tài) 度，而非過去時間，多用于表示意愿或心理狀態(tài)的動詞)，that is , the past tense is associated with the present time in independent clauses expr

3、essing a question, request or suggestion. Its effect is to make the question/request/suggestion less direct, implying a polite, somewhat tentative attitude 試探性態(tài)度，婉轉(zhuǎn)語氣 on the part of the speaker.A: Did you want me,I wondered if you could give me some help .Want, wonder, think, hopeThe other is what w

4、e call the hypothetical past. The simple past refers not to a fact but to a non-fact, and is typically found in that-clauses following such constructions as It s time .I wishI d ratherSupposeAs ifThe subju15. “ If I were you, I wouldn t wait to propose to her. mood in the sentence is used toA. allev

5、iate hostilityB. express unfavorable feelingsC. indicate uncertaintyD. make a suggestionWere-subjunctive has only on form were, which applies to subjects ofall persons, is hypothetical or unreal in meaningIf, if only, as if, as though, though,Wish, would rather, suppose, imagine,As it were( so to sp

6、eak)宛如， 好比only the patient a different treatment instead of using theantibiotics, he might still be alive now. P 1862007receivedreceivereceiving正確答案為A). If only引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣，解釋為要是該多好?。　迸c 現(xiàn)在的事實相反的則if only后接過去式did,和過去事實相反的則接過 去完成時had done.這里是說要是這個病人接受了不同的治療方式 (其實那個時候并沒有接受)，與過去事實相反用過去完成時.句意：如 果那個病人不使用抗生素而是采用

7、其他療法，他現(xiàn)在可能還活著呢.51. If only I play the guitar as well as you! 2006 P 186 P19252. A wouldB couldC shouldD might52.正確答案為B). could表示能夠，是一種一般能力.表示具體能力 用be able to . p. 192 If only引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣，表示要是 該多好 ??！”句意：要是我能像你那樣把吉他彈得那么好該多好啊 ！3. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he able toadvise you much be

8、tter than I can. (2005 年 51 題)2015A. would beB. will have beenC. wasD. were15. If you explained the situation to your lawyer, he able toadvise you much better than I can. (2015)(393381)2005A. will beB. wasC. would beD. were譯文如果你把情況向你的事務(wù)律師說明，他會比我更能給你提出好 的建議。考點虛擬語氣。本句條件從句中的謂語動詞用了過去式explained,但這是復(fù)合時態(tài)形式

9、，主句說明其內(nèi)容與現(xiàn)在/將來的情況相反，所以主句謂語應(yīng)該由 would+動詞原形構(gòu)成。B, C不用于虛 擬語氣；D. were只用于表虛擬的條件句中。9. if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand （2004 年 44 題）A. Would you be surprisedB. Were you surprisedC. Had you been surprisedD. Would you have beensurprised44.答案：A 參考譯文：如果昨天沒有提前通知你，我就來了，你 會覺得奇怪嗎試題分析：本

10、題考查的是虛擬語氣的用法。詳細解答：這是一個錯綜時間條件句。條件從句表示的動作和主句表示的動作， 發(fā)生的時 間是不一致的，動詞的形式要根據(jù)表示的時間來調(diào)整。10. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there quite such a crowd of people there. （2000 年 49 題）A. weren tB. hasn t beenC. hadn t beenD. wouldn t be解析考點：虛擬語氣。由于主句中使用了 would have done,即表示與過去事實相反，那么從句中相應(yīng)地使用had

11、 done。譯文若不是那兒人太多，我們在聚會上都會玩得更盡興的。11. If your car any attention during the first 12 months, take it toan authorized dealer. （1998 年 43 題）A. shall need B. should needC. would needD. will need情態(tài)動詞。should可以表示語氣較強的假設(shè)，出現(xiàn)在 if從句中或用 于省略了 if的條件句句首位置上。例如：a. If you should change your mind, please let us know.b.

12、Should you be interested, I have a book on the subject you might like to see.should的這一用法經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在商務(wù)信函中，表示 萬一、假若。shall 有類似用法，用于if、when等引導(dǎo)的從句中，表示將來的可能性， 不過語氣太強。例如：c. If you shall ever change your opinion , come to me again.should如果用在以if和in case引導(dǎo)的從句中則表示某事不太可能發(fā) 生。有時在這種句子中主語和 should可以倒裝，把should放在句首。譯文如果你購買的

13、車子在最初12個月內(nèi)出現(xiàn)問題，請與授權(quán)經(jīng)銷商交涉。12., I will marry him all the same. （2004 年 42 題）票A. Was he rich or poorB. Whether rich or poorC. Were he rich or poorD. Be he rich or poorwhether she be right or wrong, she will have my unswerbing support. 表讓步里，be用于虛擬語氣句，引導(dǎo)一個（選擇性）讓步狀語從句，相當(dāng)于 whether he be rich or poor。 由于 wh

14、ether 省略，這時 be 需要提前。 B其實也講得通，只是意思上不同，前者表示：不管我是富還是窮， 我都要嫁給他。又如：Whether rich or poor , old or young, all have to die.（新時代英漢大典）譯文不管他是富還是窮，我都要嫁給他。 Whether it （he）be.or結(jié)構(gòu)，意為 不管（不論）是還是；表示讓步，為虛擬語氣的一種表達方式。其省略式為 “beit - or； -be heor 等，句子必須倒裝。如： I can translate all these books into Chinese, be they in English

15、 , French or Latin .例句There being no danger, the police went back to their office .險情解除，警察回警局 了。3.虛擬語氣用在由“whether引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，從句謂語用原形動詞。例如：All engines work on this principle, whether they be large or small. 所有發(fā)動機都按這一原理工作，無論它們是大還是小。We must finish the work before we go home, whether it be early or late.

16、無論時間早晚，我們必須在回家前干完工作。All matter, whether it be gas, liquid or solid, is made up of atoms.所有物質(zhì)，不論是氣體，液體，或固體，都是由原子構(gòu)成。在此句型中，可省去 whether ,而將be放在主語前。例如：Be it so, we must continue to do the test.We must do our best to fulfil the task, be it ever so hard.Example:Ill marry him all the same.a. Were he rich or

17、 poor b. Be he rich or poorc. Whether rich or poor d. Being rich or poor考點4： it is (high/about) time that的結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句使用一般過去式。注意：在 this is the first time/ second time that .句型中，從句中謂語動詞用陳述語氣完成時態(tài)。This is the second time that we have achieved such a great success.例如:p1863. It s high time we cutting down the

18、rainforests. (2006 54 題)A. stoppedB. had to stopC. shall stop D. stop2. That was not the first time he us. I think it s high timstrong actions against him. 2005.A. betrayed takeB. had betrayed took C. has betrayed tookD. has betrayed take3. “ What courses are you going to do next semester”“I don t k

19、now. But it s about time on somethin題 ” 2002A. I d decide B. I decided C. I decide D. Im deciding5. If you have really been studying English for long, it s about timable to write letters in English.(1999 年 49 題)A. should be B. wereC. must beD. are51. It is essential that he all the facts first. (201

20、4)A. is examining B. will examine C. examines D. examine P181is absolutely essential that William his study in spite of somelearningcontinueAdvisable, appropriate, desirable, essential, fitting, imperative,important, impossible, necessary, obligatory, proper60. It is necessary that he the assignment

21、 withoutA. hand in B. hands inC. must hand inD. has to hand inItisimperative/necessary/important等結(jié)構(gòu)后的主語從句中，謂語動詞用虛擬語氣，should加動詞原形，should可省。6. It is imperative that the government more investment into the shipbuilding industry. （2006 年 59 題）A. attractsB. shall attract C. attractD.has to attract7. It i

22、s imperative that students their term papers on time. （2004 年 46 題）A. hand inB. would hand in C. have to hand in D.handed in16. It asshame that the city official should have gone back on his word. The modal auxiliaryHOULDexpress _B .（2017）P201A obligation B disappointment C future in the past D. ten

23、tativenessIn specific contexts, should can denote emotional feelings of sorrow, joy, displeasure, surprise, wonderIt s a plityat he should leave so soon.It s unbelievabtleat he should be working so hard.How should I knowShould is found in expressions like I should sa y ” “I should think. hypothetica

24、l form here is simply to indicate the speaker s reluctance commit himself on matters of personal feeling or judgment.I should say he is just the right man for the job.Without any definite modal meaningI insisted that he go/should go with me.It is imperative thatThe order thatFor fear that /so that /

25、lestWould can be used to make a tactful statement, a polite request, and a tentative suggestion.It would be a shame to stop our work halfway.19. At that moment, with the crowd watching me, I was not afraid inthe ordinary sense, as if I A alone. 2017A. would have been had been B. should be had beenC.

26、 could be wereD. might have been were19 your advice, I would have made the wrongA. Hadn t it been forB. Had it not been forC. Had it been forD. Had not it been for2. 52. Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she much better results pA. would be gettingB. could have gotC. must getD. would get

27、20. The sentenceI wish I had been more careful in spending my money expresses the speaker s a) hope b) joy c) regretd) relief 184201615. If you explained the situation to your lawyer, he able to advise you much better than I can. (2015)(393381)2005A. will beB. wasC. would beD. were條件句的虛擬If you asked

28、 me tomorrow, I would(should ,但以 would 較為普通)beable to give you the answer .54.Whichofthefollowingsentencescontains subjunctivemood.(2013)(p. 181)A.Lucyinsistedthathersongethomebefore5o clock181B.Sheusedtodrivetowork,butnowshetakesthecitymetro.C.Walkstraightahead,anddontturntillthesecondtrafficlights

29、.D.PaulwillcancelhisflightifhecannotgethisvisabyFriday.Decide, decree, demand, insist, move, order, prefer, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest, vote.54 My boss ordered that the legal documents to him beforelunch 2013 p181A be sentB were sentC were to be sentD must be sent1 3.Ifittomorrow,

30、thematchwouldbeputoff.(2013 P184)A.weretorainB.wastorainC.wasrainingD.hadrained52 . If there were no subjunctive mood, English much easier tolearn.A. could have been B. would beC. will be D. would have been61. It s getting late. I d rather ynow.(2011. P186)A. leftB. leaveC. are leaving D. willleave考

31、查虛擬語氣。would rather后面接從句時，表示主語寧愿某人做 某事，從句要用虛擬語氣，動詞用一般過去式，表示希望。注意區(qū) 分would rather其他兩個慣用句式： would rather do sth.寧愿做某 事”:would rather do than do寧愿做而不愿做57. We consider he should have left without telling anyonebeforehand.(2009)A. strange whyB. it strange whatC. it strange thatD. that strangewould have fin

32、ished his college education, but he to quit andfind a job to support hishadhave60 Which of the following best explains the meaning of “ Shall we buythe tickets first ” 2012P 200A He said that we were going to buy the tickets first B He requested that we buy the tickets first C He suggested that we b

33、uy the tickets firstD He advised us to buy the tickets first表示征求意見，advise 建議他人應(yīng)該怎么做，表示直接給出自己認為對的意見，沒有征求的意思。Suggest說出自己的想法供對方參考，65. When the sentence “ Shall I drive you to the airport first” is turnindirect speech, which of the following is most appropriate ( 2014P )A. He agreed to drive me to the a

34、irport first.B. He offered to drive me to the airport first.C. He advised me to go to the airport first.D. He suggested that I drive to the airport first.3. Among the four sentences below, Sentence expresses thehighest degree of possibility.(2016)p 207A. It may take a long time to find a solution to

35、 the problem.B. It might take a long time to find a solution to the problem.C. It could take a long time to find a solution to the problem.D. It should take a long time to find a solution to the problem.Might ,may ,could, can, should, ought to, would, will, must55. Which of the following sentences i

36、ndicates POSSIBILITY( 2014) p193)A. The moon cannot always be at the full.B. You cannot smoke inside the building. 表示不許C. Hecannot come today. 否定表示不可能。D. Shecannot play the piano. 192 泛指一般的能力Can 表示可能，較多地用于否定句和疑問句19. which of the following sentences expressesa fact(2013 p197)A. Mary and her son must

37、be homeby now.B. Careless reading must give poor results.表示必然，也是一種推測或推 斷，其口氣最為肯定，一般用于肯定陳述句。197C. He must be working late at the office. 采用進行體，作推測用法Epistemic P207 all epistemic modals can combine with a progressive infinitive.D. It s getting late, and I must leave now.表推測，must可以采用完成體 the past form of

38、 epistemic modals are realized by adding a perfective infinitive.You must have thought about that.可以用于 there-存在句 can be used in existential sentencesThere must be some mistake.靜態(tài)動詞 combine with stative verbsHe must be there.主語可以是表示無生命物的名詞詞組be used with an inanimate subjectIt must be George.53. She f

39、ifty or so when I first met her at aA. had beenB. must beC. has beenD. must have beenfifty or so when I first met her at theA. must be been be have been正確答案為D). 對過去事情的肯定推測用must have done, 否定推測用 couldn t have done.65. Which of the following sentences expresses probability 2008A. You must leave immedi

40、ately.B. Youmust be feeling rather tired.C. You must be here by eight oclock.D. You must complete the reading assignment on time.55 Which of the following sentences expresses WILLINGNESSA By now she will be eating dinner Definite future , 自然要發(fā)生的B I shall never do that again 2012 P151 P 199C My broth

41、er will help you with the luggage D. You shall get a promotion. 說話人的意愿63. Which of the following italicized words does NOT indicate willingness(2015 P198)A. What will you do when you graduate 意圖B. They will be home by 推測C. Who will go with me 意愿D. Why will you go there alone 決心解析：“ will ”可表如下的意思：1.

42、可表“意愿”( willingness) ,即愿意做某事。如：Who will go withme2. 可表“意圖”( intention ) ，即“打算”做某事。如： I will write toher tomorrow.3. 可表“決心”( determination )，即堅持要做某事。如：I won tgo back on my words.4. 可表“推測”( prediction )，如： By now she will be eating dinner.B. PREDICTABILITY64. The sentence that expressesOFFERs(2011)A.

43、I ll get some drinks. What ll you haveB. Does she need to book a ticket nowC. May I know your nameD. Can you return the book next weekD.將來做某件事的能力52. Nancys gone to work but her cars still there. She byA. must have goneB. should have goneC. ought to have goneD. could have goneNancy has gone to work b

44、ut her cars still there她已經(jīng)去工作了但是車還在那must have gone表示肯定的猜測(她肯定是坐公交車去的)？should have done / ought to have done 者B表示本來應(yīng)該could have done 本來可以must have done 應(yīng)該就是本句是對已發(fā)生事情的肯定推測，所以用“must+ have done形式,故選Ao61. Aren t you tired I you had done enough for today.(2009)A. should have thoughtB. must have thoughtC. might have thoughtD. could have thoughtTIP:該題考查情態(tài)動詞語氣上的差別，答案為 A,意思是今天你累 壞了吧我本來應(yīng)該想到你今天已經(jīng)忙了一天的。 B答案是表示對過去事情的判斷，不符合上下文意思。53. 53. You borrow my notes provided you take care of them,told my 19454.55. 正確答案為D). can表示許可/建議,在口語中常用can.