何兆熊綜合英語(yǔ)第三冊(cè)u(píng)nit 3

Unit3OutofStep2021/5/91

TheAuthor:BillBryson

（1951-）Awell-knownAmericantravelwriterandhumorist

BillBrysoncan'tdecidewheretolive--England,Australia,Iowa,NewHampshire--it'sreallyatoughdecision.But,ashepointsoutinhisbook,I'mAStrangerHereMyself,nomatterwhereBillis,Bill'sastranger.——MichaelFeldman2021/5/92abouttheauthorBillBrysonwasborninIowain1951.Heisabest-sellingAmericanauthorofhumorousbooksontravel.Abackpackingexpeditionin1973broughthimtoEngland,wherehemethiswifeanddecidedtosettle.HewrotefortheEnglishnewspapersThetimesandTheindependentformanyyears,writingtravelarticlestosupplementhisincome.2021/5/93HelivedwithhisfamilyinNorthYorkshirebeforemovingbacktothestatesin1995,toHanover,NewHampshire,withhiswifeandfourchildren.In2003,heandhisfamilymovedbacktoEngland,wheretheycurrentlyreside.2021/5/94Culturalnote-theU.S.area;ideallivingenvironment;time-consciousness;travel1)USA,acountryofvastterritory:9,375,720sq.kmover314millionpeople2021/5/952)IdeallivingenvironmentformanyAmericans:toescapebothisolationandcrowds.Peoplehaveflockedtothesuburbs.Thereisnothingbutcarthatcanmakeitpossibleforthemtomovearoundeasilylivinginsuburbs.2021/5/963).Foracountrythatmovesgenerallyaccordingtoschedules,beingpunctualishighlyvalued.2021/5/974)peopleregardtravelasanindispensablepartoftheirlife;peoplevaluefreedommorethananythingelse.2021/5/98

“IfyouareanAmerican,youtravelasmuchasyoucan;ifyouareanAmerican,youtravelinyourowncar.”ItisnotuncommonatallforAmericanpeopletodrivefor5ormorehourstohavelunchordinnerwithafriendandthendrivebackfortheirfavoriteNBAgamesathome.

——ZhouPingfromherpersonalexperience2021/5/99“Ihaven’ttakenthetrainfornearly20years.NoreasonwhyIshouldnow.”Iusedtohearpeoplesay.Indeed,formanypeoplelivingfarawayfromthetrainstation,caristheonlyvehiclethattakesthemfromplacetoplace.Besides,itismuchcheaperandquickertomovearoundbydrivingacarthantakingthetrain.Thatiswhymoreconsiderationsaregiventodriversthantopedestrianswhosevoiceishardlyaudible.2021/5/910NewEngland-thebirthplaceofAmerica-isfilledwithrichhistory,culturalattractions,fascinatingcities,scenicvillages,andoutdooradventuresateveryturn.

2021/5/911NewEnglandNewHampshireDartmouthCollegeMainStreetResidentialNeighborhoodRoseyJekesCaféCappuccinoNuggettheatreMurphy’sontheGreenGivearide2021/5/912NewEnglandNewEnglandisaregioninthenortheasterncorneroftheUnitedStatesconsistingofthesixstatesofMaine,NewHampshire,Vermont,Massachusetts,RhodeIsland,andConnecticut.2021/5/913HistoryofNewEnglandNewEnglandisoneofthemosthistoricandculturallyrichregionsoftheUSA.

TheregionwasoneoftheearliestEnglishsettlementsinthe“NewWorld”followingthearrivalofthePilgrimFathers,whosetsailfromEnglandaboardtheMayflowerin1620insearchofreligiousfreedom.

TheyandtheirdescendantsarecalledYankees.

2021/5/914TheregionwasthesceneofthefirstIndustrialRevolutionintheUnitedStates.NewEngland(andVirginia)ledthewaytotheAmericanRevolution,Bythe1840sitwasthecenteroftheU.S.anti-slaverymovement,andwastheleadingforceinAmericanliteratureandhighereducation.2021/5/915DartmouthCollege:oneofthebestartcollegesintheworld.LocatedontheConnecticutRiverandsurroundedbytheWhiteMountains,itoffersthemostbeautifulnaturalsceneryintheIvyLeague.

2021/5/916MainStreetInsmalltownsintheUnitedStates,thestreetwheremostofthestoresareisoftencalledMainStreet.(美國(guó)小城鎮(zhèn)的)主街2021/5/917Residentialneighborhood居民區(qū)curbN-COUNTThe

curbistheraisededgeofasidewalkwhichseparatesitfromtheroad.路邊2021/5/918pullup1.PHRASALVERBWhenavehicleordriver

pullsup,thevehicleslowsdownandstops.慢慢停下例：Thecabpulledupandthedriverjumpedout.出租車慢慢停了下來(lái)，司機(jī)跳下了車。2021/5/9192021/5/920NewHampshire新罕布什爾州的格言是：“不自由，毋寧死”。Livefreeordie.。2021/5/921Doyouneed/wantaride?Givesomeonearide2021/5/922Hitchhiking小說(shuō)主人公及其伙伴沿途搭車或開車，幾次橫越美國(guó)大陸，最終到了墨西哥。

OnTheRoadisbasedonthetravelsofKerouacandhisfriendsacrossAmerica.ItisconsideredadefiningworkofthepostwarBeatGenerationwithitsprotagonistslivinglifeagainstabackdropofjazz,poetry,anddruguse.2021/5/923什么是搭車？搭便車是在路上乘陌生人的順路的車來(lái)完成一段的路程。路程可能只是幾公里也可能是幾百公里，看車主一起順路多遠(yuǎn)。搭車一般是不付錢的。

2021/5/924歐美的搭車文化搭車自從汽車的誕生到60、70年代的歐美是非常普遍的一種交通方式。同時(shí)當(dāng)代著名的小說(shuō)《在路上》描寫的幾個(gè)年輕人橫跨北美的故事也給無(wú)數(shù)的歐美人心中流下了很深的印象-對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)搭車有著濃濃的自由浪漫的精神。

至今在歐美每年有數(shù)萬(wàn)人都用搭車做成他們的交通方式。對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)搭車還是一種自由探險(xiǎn)的旅行方式。2021/5/925Atypicalhitchhikinggesture2021/5/926warm-up1.Whichnationissaidtobeanationonthewheel?2.CarsareenteringordinaryChinesefamilies.Ifyouhaveacar,whendoyouprefertowalk,andwhentodrive?DoyouthinkCarswillbeaspredominantinChinaastheyareintheUnitedStates.WhyorWhynot?2021/5/9273.Ifyou/yourparentswon200,000RMBinlottery,willyousuggestbuyingacar,whyorwhynot?4.Inmodernsociety,itseemsthatpeoplearelosingsometraditionalwaysofliving,whatarethey?2021/5/928Whatinformationcanyoulearnfromthetitle?outoffashionnolongerwalk2021/5/929textanalysis

“OutofStep”isanexpositionthatpresentstheabsurdityoftheAmericans’dependenceoncars.TheAmericans,beingsoaccustomedtousingcars,havealmostforgottentheexistenceoftheirlegs.Wherevertheygo,theygointheircars.Asaresult,pedestrianfacilitiesareneglectedincityplanningorrejectedbytheinhabitants.2021/5/930textunderstanding1.Howdopeopleinthesmalltowntaketheauthor'shabitofwalkingaroundforhisbusiness?oddslightlyguiltyifnotgivinghimaride2021/5/9312.Whydothepeopleconsiderhispreferenceforwalkingattimesabiteccentric?2021/5/9323.TowhatextenthavetheAmericanpeoplecometodependoncars?2021/5/9334.WhatistheproblemwiththeurbanplanningofAmericancities?WhatdoesthathavetodowiththedependenceoftheAmericanpeopleoncars?2021/5/9345.Whatdoyouthinkmakestheauthorsadattheendofthepassage?2021/5/9356.DidtheauthorwriteoutanysolutiontotheproblemthatAmericanpeoplerelytoomuchoncars?NoSoundthesiren2021/5/936TextComprehensionDecidewhichbeststatestheauthor’spurposeofwriting.PointingoutthefactthatAmericanswalktoolittletoday.B.Introducinganalternativetocar-drivingasameansoftransportforanaverageAmerican.C.ComplainingaboutinconveniencetrafficconditionsforpedestriansinAmerica.2021/5/937StructuralAnalysisPartI(para.1—6)Introductionoftheideawithananecdote.PartII(para.7—13)

PresentationofthefactthattheAmericansarehabituatedtousingcarsforeverything.PartIII(para.14—20)Explanationofthefactthatpedestrianfacilitiesareneglectedordiscarded.2021/5/938PartI(para.1—6)Whatkindoftownisit?Whatisconsideredtheauthor’s“eccentricbehavior”?Howdopeopleinthesmalltowntaketheauthor’shabitofwalkingaroundforhisbusiness?Whywoulddrivers“departreluctantly,evenguiltily”whentheirofferwasdeclined?2021/5/939sedate

a.quietespeciallyinawaythatlacksexcitement寧?kù)o的asedatecountrytownThefightagainstanuclearpowerstationsitehastransformedanormallysedatetownintoabattlefield.calm,seriousandformal莊重的，嚴(yán)肅的，不茍言笑的Sheisasedateoldlady;sheiscaringbutnevertalksmuch.2021/5/940compact(a):smallandeasytocarryacompactcamerausingasmallamountofspaceThekitchenwascompactbutwellequipped.antonym:2021/5/941venerablevenerablethingsorpeopledeserverespectbecausetheyareold,important,wiseetc值得敬重的，受敬佩的avenerablescholarthevenerableruinsoftheabbeyRespectable;respectful;respective2021/5/942debonairfashionableandconfident,carefree(usuofmen)Hestrolledabout,lookingverydebonairinhiselegantnewsuit.2021/5/943cappuccino；atypeofcoffeemadewithhotfrothymilkandsometimeswithchocolatepowderonthetop2021/5/944Cappuccino此字的歷史圣芳濟(jì)教會(huì)(Capuchin)的修士都穿著褐色道袍，頭戴一頂尖尖帽子，圣芳濟(jì)教會(huì)傳到意大利時(shí)，當(dāng)?shù)厝擞X得修士服飾很特殊，就給他們?nèi)€(gè)Cappuccino的名字，此字的意大利文是指僧侶所穿寬松長(zhǎng)袍和小尖帽，源自意大利文"頭巾"即Cappuccio。然而，老意愛喝咖啡，發(fā)覺濃縮咖啡、牛奶和奶泡混合后，顏色就像是修士所穿的深褐色道袍，于是靈機(jī)一動(dòng)，就給牛奶加咖啡又有尖尖奶泡的飲料，取名為卡布奇諾(Cappuccino)。直到一九九0年以后，才成為世人耳熟能詳?shù)目Х蕊嬃稀?yīng)該可以這么說(shuō)Cappuccino咖啡這個(gè)字，源自圣芳濟(jì)教會(huì)(Capuchin)和意大利文頭巾(Cappucio).2021/5/9452021/5/946eccentric(adj)ofpeople/behaviorunusual,peculiar,notconventionalaneccentricladyTheoldgentleman,wholivedaloneallhislife,wassaidtohavesomeeccentrichabits.Mostpeopleconsideredhimaharmlesseccentric.eccentricity(n)eccentricityofstyle,clothing,mannersOneofhiseccentricitiesissleepingunderthebedinsteadofonit.eccentrically2021/5/947strolltowalksomewhereinaslowrelaxedway2021/5/948curbpreventsthfromgettingoutofcontrol防止..失控；約束curbone'sfeelings/angercurbspendingplace/putacurbon...2021/5/949Poornutritioncancurbachild’sdevelopmentbothphysicallyandmentally.Therewillbecurbs

ondrunk-drivingfromnextmonth.2021/5/950paraphraseapleasant,sedateandcompacttownaleafyresidentialneighborhoodIwouldn’tdreamofgoingtoanyoftheseplacesbycar.Peoplehavegottenusedtomyeccentricbehavior.Theywoulddepartreluctantly,evenguiltilyasifleavingthesceneofanaccidentwithoutgivingtheirname.2021/5/951PartII(para.7—13)Whatisthemainideaofthepart?HowimportantisthecartoaverageAmericans?Howdoestheauthorsupportthisideainthispart?2021/5/952para7habituate:Bytheendoftheschoolterm,thestudentshadbeenhabituated/accustomed/usedtorisingatfiveo’clock.2021/5/953Para8Contortion1

[countable]atwistedpositionormovementthatlookssurprisingorstrange:

Icouldnotforcemybodyintothecontortionsrequiredbyclassicalballet.facialcontortions2

[uncountable]whensomethingistwistedsothatitdoesnothaveitsnormalshape:involuntarymusclecontortion3

[countable]somethingdifficultyouhavetodoinordertoachievesomething:Hewentthroughaseriesofamazing

contortionstogetKarenaworkpermit.2021/5/954Contortimpliesviolentchangethatproducesunnaturalorgrotesqueeffects:afacecontortedwithrage;Twistappliestodistortionofformormeaning:amouthtwistedwithpain.

HeaccusedmeoftwistinghiswordstomeanwhatIwantedthemto.Thereporterdistortedthefacts.2021/5/955Deformreferstochangethatdisfiguresandoftenimpliesthelossofdesirablequalitiessuchasbeauty:Greaterosiondeformedthelandscape.Warpcanrefertoaturningortwistingfromaflatorstraightform.Italsocanimplythebendingorturningofsomethingfromatruecourseordirection:floorboardsthathadwarpedovertheyears.2021/5/956Para9Thethingis…:Whatmatters…;Whatisimportantis…e.g.Thethingisnottointerrupthimwhilehe’stalking.

要緊的是……2021/5/957extravagant:She'svery____—shespendsallhermoneyonclothes.(frugal,economical,thrifty,extravagant)Ihadafrugalmealofbreadandcheeselastnight.Theylivedaveryfrugalexistence,avoidingallluxuries.Asfarasoilenergyisconcerned,wecannotbetoofrugal.2021/5/958

Hermotherisathriftyhousewife.Mr.Thompsonissothriftythatheisabletosavemorethanhalfofhisweeklysalary.Onlyverythriftychildrenmanagetofillupamoney-box.Sheisaneconomicalhousekeeperandfeedsherfamilycheaply.2021/5/959Shehasbeenlongingforaluxuriouslife.She'sgotveryextravaganttastes.2021/5/960Para10acquaintanceaspeakingacquaintanceHeisnotafriendofmine,onlyanacquaintance.Iamnotacquaintedwithchemicalterms.maketheacquaintanceofsb結(jié)識(shí)某人2021/5/961Para11-13confess；LesconfessionsSheconfessedtoherhusbandthatshehadsoldherweddingring.Heconfessedtosleeping/havingsleptthroughmostofthefilm.[+(that)]Ihavetoconfess(that)whenIfirstmetIanIdidn'tthinkhewasverybright.Ifounditallveryconfusing,Imustconfess.confessone'ssins2021/5/9622021/5/963deficient:AdietdeficientinvitaminDmaycausethediseaserickets.?notgoodenoughHistheoryisdeficientinseveralrespects.Pregnantwomenoftensufferfromirondeficiency.2021/5/964proficient:skilledandexperiencedaproficientswimmerShe'sproficientintwolanguages.Ittakesacoupleofyearsofregulardrivingbeforeyoubecomeproficientatit.proficiency:Itsaidinthejobadtheywantedproficiencyinatleasttwolanguages.2021/5/965Inthisregard:2021/5/966paraphrase…becomesohabituatedtousingthecar…thatitdoesn’toccurtoustounfurlourlegsandseewhatthoselowerlimbscando.Wewillgothroughthemostextraordinarycontortionsto…Andthethingis,thismanlookedreallyfit.jogsextravagantdistanceShelookedatmeasifIweretragicallysimple-minded.…andIcanadjustitfordegreeofdifficultyIconfessithadneveroccurredtomehowthoughtlesslydeficientnatureisinthisregard.2021/5/967PartIII(para.14—20)Whydidtheauthorsay“Actually,I’msurpriseditwasthatmuch”?WhydidLaconiachangeitsdowntownpedestrianmalltoonewithparkinglots?2021/5/968Bring/drivesthhometosb:tomakesbrealizesthTheeditorialbroughthometomethatthegovernmentdidspendsomemoneyonthepedestrianfacilitiesthoughverylittle.TheprofessordrovehometothestudentsthattheyhavetofinishthewritingassignmentbyFriday.

2021/5/969pedestrianSkipskiplunch

skipschool/class

skipthefirstchapter

skipayear/gradeSkippingrope/jumpropeIsuggestweskipoverthedetailsandgettothepoint.

2021/5/970ridiculous(adj)Whataridiculoussuggestion!That'sridiculous!Thatfatwomanlookedridiculousinhertightgoldendress.DoIlookridiculousinthishat?Hehasbecomeanobjectofridicule.(n)Thosewhoridiculeotherswillbepunishedinreturn.(v)2021/5/971exasperating:annoying;displeasingIt'ssoexasperatingwhenhewon'tlistentoawordthatisay.exasperated:annoyedHe'sbecomeincreasinglyexasperatedwiththesituation.2021/5/972entertainanidea/hope/thoughtetctoconsideranideaetc,orallowyourselftothinkthatsomethingmighthappenorbetrue:

Shecouldneverentertaintheideaoflivinginthecountry.2021/5/973paraphraseAccordingtoaconcernedandfaintlyhorrified1997editorial…Actually,I’msurpriseditwasthatmuch.Ihadthisbroughthometomeonesummerwhen……IrealizedthatIwaspossiblytheonlypersonevertohaveentertainedthenotionofnegotiatingthatintersectiononfoot.…woetoanyonewhotriestomakeus…2021/5/974Iwaspossiblytheonlypersonevertohaveentertainedthenotionofnegotiatingthatintersectiononfoot.(p.17)Iwasveryprobablytheonlypersonwhohadeverattemptedtocrossthatintersectiononfoot.2021/5/975DiscussionWhatisthetoneoftheauthorinthepassage?Howdoestheauthorachievethiseffect?self-debasementinahumorousmannere.g…satireonpeople’sridiculouscontradictioninacts.e.g…2021/5/976Howdidtheauthordevelophisideas?bymeansofexamplesthemanheobservedoutsidethepostofficehisconversationwithanacquaintanceofhiswhowoulddrivehimtothegymhisownefforttowalkacrossthestreetthecommercialfailureofthepedestianmallinLaconia2021/5/977Writingtechniqueinpara7.8Topicexamples2021/5/978DiscussionShouldprivatecarsbeencouragedinChina?2021/5/979RecommendedreadingsandmoviesOntheRoadThedisappearedyear(我睡了81個(gè)人的沙發(fā))記述了24歲的臺(tái)灣女生連美恩，穿著最破的大衣，借無(wú)數(shù)人家里的沙發(fā)作為落腳點(diǎn)，在歐洲流浪14個(gè)月的經(jīng)歷，即所謂當(dāng)沙發(fā)客（couchsurfing）在歐洲游玩的見聞點(diǎn)滴。2021/5/9801.Myfriendlikesto____aroundthefleamarketonthechanceofpickingupsomethingofvalue.2.Ihavesome____withEnglish,butIdonotknowitwell.Hehasalarge