專題2.詞匯拓展語法清單及語法填空精練（學(xué)生版）-2022-2023學(xué)年高一英語期末考點大串講（人教版2019）

詞匯拓展、語法清單及語法填空精練一．必記詞匯拓展1．deathn．死；死亡→adj.死的→adj.致命的→v．死亡2．a(chǎn)ffectvt.影響；(疾病)侵襲；深深打動→n．效果；影響→adj.有效的→n．喜歡；喜愛；感情3．shockn．震驚；令人震驚的事；休克vt.(使)震驚→adj.令人震驚的→adj.感到震驚的4．electricityn．電；電能→adj.電的；用電的→adj.電子的5．breathevi.&vt.呼吸→n．呼吸→adj.氣喘吁吁的6．wisdomn．智慧；才智→adj.明智的→adj.不明智的7．suffervt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等)受苦→n．受難；苦楚8．eruptvi.&vt.(火山)爆發(fā)；(巖漿、煙等)噴出→n．噴發(fā)9．survivevi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艱難度過→n．幸存；生還→n．幸存者；生還者10．emergencyn．突發(fā)事件；緊急情況→adj.緊急的→vi.浮現(xiàn)；出現(xiàn)11．delivervt.&vi.遞送；傳達(dá)vt.發(fā)表→n．投遞；送交12．lengthn．長；長度→adj.長的→v．(使)變長13．referencen．指稱關(guān)系；參考→vi.提到；參考；查閱vt.查詢；叫……求助于14．basedadj.以(某事)為基礎(chǔ)的→vt.以……為基礎(chǔ)n．底部；根據(jù)→basisn．基礎(chǔ)→adj.基礎(chǔ)的15．varietyn．異體；多樣化→v．變化；不同→adj.各種各樣的16．majoradj.主要的n．主修課程；主修學(xué)生vi.主修→n．大多數(shù)17．globaladj.全球的；全世界的→n．地球；地球儀18．a(chǎn)ppreciatevt.欣賞；感激；領(lǐng)會→n．感激；欣賞→adj.感激的19．begvt.懇求；祈求→n．乞丐20．equaln．同等的人；相等物adj.相同的；同樣的→adv.平等地→n．平等21．demandn．要求；需求vt.強(qiáng)烈要求；需要→adj.要求高的22．descriptionn．描寫(文字)；形容→vt.描述23．relatevt.聯(lián)系；講述→relatedadj.相關(guān)的→n．關(guān)系→n．關(guān)系24．creativelyadv.創(chuàng)造性地；有創(chuàng)造力地→adj.創(chuàng)造性的；有創(chuàng)造力的；有創(chuàng)意的→vt.創(chuàng)造→n．創(chuàng)造性；創(chuàng)造力25．promotevt.促進(jìn)；提升；推銷；晉級→n．提升；推銷；晉級26．a(chǎn)pplicationn．申請(表)；用途；運用；應(yīng)用(程序)→vt.&vi.申請；應(yīng)用→n．申請人27．proposaln．提議；建議→vt.提議；建議28．establishvt.建立；創(chuàng)立→n．建立；創(chuàng)立29．limitn．限度；限制vt.限制；限定→adj.有限的；受限制的→adj.無限的；無盡的30．preventvt.阻止；阻礙；阻撓→n．防止；預(yù)防→adj.預(yù)防性的；防備的31．lossn．喪失；損失→vt.丟失→adj.迷路的；失去的32．contributionn．捐款；貢獻(xiàn)；捐贈→vi.&vt.捐獻(xiàn)；捐助34．donatevt.(尤指向慈善機(jī)構(gòu))捐贈；贈送；獻(xiàn)(血)→n．捐贈；贈送→n．捐贈者；捐贈人35．disappearvi.消失；滅絕；消亡→n．消失；滅絕→(反義詞)vi.出現(xiàn)→n．出現(xiàn)；外表36．professionaladj.專業(yè)的；職業(yè)的n．專業(yè)人員；職業(yè)選手→n．專業(yè)；職業(yè)→n．教授37．traditionn．傳統(tǒng)；傳統(tǒng)的信仰或風(fēng)俗→adj.傳統(tǒng)的38．parisonn．比較；相比→vt.&vi.與……相比較39．illegaladj.不合法的；非法的→adv.不合法地；非法地→adj.合法的40．a(chǎn)larmingadj.驚人的；使人驚恐的→vt.使驚恐；使害怕；使擔(dān)心n．恐慌；警報；警報器→adj.害怕的41．extinctadj.已滅絕的→n．滅絕42．a(chǎn)wareadj.知道；發(fā)覺；有……意識的→n．意識→adj.未發(fā)覺的；不知道的43．endangervt.使遭受危險；危害→adj.瀕危的→n．危險→adj.危險的44．concernvt.涉及；讓……擔(dān)憂→adj.擔(dān)心的；關(guān)切的→prep.關(guān)于45．a(chǎn)daptvi.適應(yīng)vt.使適應(yīng)；使適合→n．適應(yīng)；改編本→adj.適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)的46．beautyn．美；美人；美好的東西→adj.美麗的；美好的→vt.美化47．effectiveadj.有效的；生效的→n．效果；影響→vt.影響；侵襲48．recovervi.恢復(fù)；康復(fù)vt.找回；尋回→n．恢復(fù)49．intendvi.&vt.打算；計劃；想要→n．意圖；打算50．threatn．威脅→vt.威脅；危及51．existvi.存在；生存→n．存在；生存52．unusualadj.特別的；不尋常的→adj.常見的，尋常的53．convenientadj.方便的；近便的→n．方便→n．不便54．benefitn．益處vt.使受益vi.得益于→adj.有益的55．distancen．距離→adj.遙遠(yuǎn)的；疏遠(yuǎn)的→adv.疏遠(yuǎn)地56．inspirevt.鼓舞；激勵；啟發(fā)思考→adj.鼓舞人心的；使人振奮的→adj.受啟發(fā)的；受鼓舞的→n．靈感；啟發(fā)57．a(chǎn)ccessn．通道；(使用、查閱、接近或面見的)機(jī)會vt.進(jìn)入；使用；獲取→adj.可以進(jìn)入的；可以使用的58．privacyn．隱私；私密→adj.私人的；秘密的→adv.私下地59．theftn．偷(竊)；盜竊罪→n．小偷60．rudeadj.粗魯?shù)模粺o禮的→adv.粗魯?shù)亍鷑．粗魯，粗暴61．falseadj.假的；錯誤的→n．錯誤；瑕疵62．embarrassingadj.讓人難堪(尷尬；害羞)的→adj.感到難堪(尷尬)的→n．尷尬隨堂練習(xí)一1．Duringtheforum，DongQing，afamouswhooftenwonderfulprograms，sharedherexperienceofcreatingthereader.(host)2．Mysisterisagirl，soweknowthatonceshehasdeterminedtodosomething，shewillmakeherdreametruewithgreat.(determine)3．Thoughtheartshowtoattractasmanyvisitorsaswehadexpected，itwasfarfrombeingafailure；itwasagreatsuccess.(fail)4．Theofficialismoreawareofthanbeforeandheworksoutingymstokeepregularly.(fit)5．Morethan10,000fromdifferentcountriescametoBeijingandwitheachotherinthegamesformedals.(pete)Amazingly，themorethejobis，thebetteryourperformancewillbe.Inotherwords，feelingbenefitsyourperformanceinaway.(stress)7．Thesoldiergotinthebattleandsufferedaseriousintheleftankle.(injure)二Peopleweretoseethatthelittlegirlwasoftenbeatenbyherstepmother.Thenewsallthepeoplearound.(shock)2．(bury)inhergraduationpaper，Maryhasnotimetodoapart-timejob.3．Wemeasuredtheofthelivingroomandfounditwas6.3meters.(long)4．Withthegovernment’said，those(affect)bytheearthquakehavemovedtonewshelters.5．Masteringsomebasicskillswouldgreatlyincreaseyourchancesof.Thankstotheswimmingskills，heandhisfriendsucceededintheterriblefloodandtheyweretheonlytwosurvivors.(survive)6．Bothofthewaysare(effect)andwhichonetochooseisreallyamatterofpersonalpreference.7．Thediseasehasaffectedmanypeopleandhascausedatleast30uptonow.(dead)三1．The(major)ofthestudentsareinterestedinherclass，whichmakesherhappy.2．Iwouldliketoexpressmy(appreciate)tothosewhoalwaysgivemetimelyhelpandencouragementwhenI’mtrappedbytheflood.3．Allmenareborn，soeveryonehopestobetreatedbecauseistheessentialdemand.(equal)4．Itwasachallengingand(demand)job，butanyhowwemanagedtohandleitwithjointefforts.5．Wouldyouliketogiveadetailed(describe)oftherescueinwhichyousaved4dogs?6．IwaswanderinginasubwaystationwhenIsawaforfood.(beg)7．Weourtheoryontheofpractice，consideringsomefactors.(base)四Theyoungmanamachinetosolvethetrickyproblem，andthushewasconsideredtobeaperson.(create)2．Somearefillinginformstoforawell-paidjob.(apply)3．Knowledgeis，butmymemorymetorememberonlyinformation.(limit)4．Theinstanttheoldgardener，allthegirlspickingflowersraninalldirectionsandsoon.(disappear)5．isbetterthancure，sowemusttakemeasurestoCOVID-19fromspreading.(prevent)6．Thegenerouslyfoodandmoneytothepoorfamilyandhishelpedthemgothroughthehardtime.(donate)7．Thefatherthathisdaughtershouldacceptherboyfriend’s.(propose)五1．Whenanoldmansoundedthe，thewhistlemademanypeople.(alarm)2．Between150and200speciesarebeingeveryyear.Thismassiscausedbyhunting.(extinct)3．Motherisalwaysaboutme.However，Iwasn’tawareofherwhenIwasakid.(concern)4．Infact，kidsareveryandtheycansoontolivinginkindergartens.Youshouldhaveconfidenceintheir.(adapt)5．Wealllovetheenvironment，andtherefore，weshoulditinsteadofdestroyingits.(beauty)6．Thepartywasspeciallyforher，butshedidn’tappreciatemygood.(intend)7．Thereastrangecaveonthehill，butnooneknowswhenitcameinto.(exist)六1．I’msorryforthecausedbymistakes.IsitforyoutoeonThursday？Ifnot，youcaneatyour.(convenient)2．TheclubistothosewhowanttolearnChinese.Joinit，andyouwillalotfromit.(benefit)3．MyparentsliveinacitybuttheInternetremovestheinaway.(distant)4．Hearinghisspeech，Iwasgreatly.ItgavemeanthatIshouldstartmyownbusiness.(inspire)5．Thewebsiteisnottoallpeople；onlythosewhoknowthepasswordhavetoit.(access)6．Parentsshouldrespecttheirchildren’sinsteadofreadingtheirletters.(privacy)7．Thegirlfeltwhenseeingthepictures.Sheturnedawaywith.(embarrass)隨堂練習(xí)一1.Hefelt_________(confuse)atthenews.2.Sheisrecoveringfromaknee_________(injure).3.Tomtooktheexaminationwithfull_________(confident).4.Theletterwasn’taddressedtohim,butheopeneditoutof_________(curious).5.Remembertodress_________(formal)fortheeveningpartytonight.6._________(actual),alargenumberofpeopleowncarsinourhometown.7.It’s_________(challenge)togiveaspeechforthefirsttimeasafreshman.8.Nothingisawasteifyouhavea_________(create)mind.9.Forstudentsstudyingabroad,cookingisanessential_________(survive)skill.10.ThecherryblossomsinWuhanUniversityisamaintourist_________(attract).定語從句定語從句是高考的重點和熱點，備考焦點主要集中在以下幾個方面：①正確使用關(guān)系代詞(which,that,who,whom,whose,as)和關(guān)系副詞(when,where,why)②介詞＋which/whom引導(dǎo)的定語從句③that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句考點1概念1.在復(fù)合句中，修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被定語從句所修飾的詞、短語或句子叫先行詞。Thisistheplacewhichisworthvisiting.(一個詞)這是值得參觀的地方。Manylife’sproblemswhichweresolvedbyaskingfamilymembers，friendsorcolleaguesarebeyondthecapabilityoftheextendedfamilytoresolve.(一個短語)許多以前可以通過詢問家庭成員、朋友或者同事就能解決的生活問題是現(xiàn)在的大家庭無力解決的。Itookanoldmantohospitalinataxiimmediately，whichwaswhyIwaslatethatmorning.(一個完整的句子)我乘出租車立即把一個老人送到了醫(yī)院，這就是那天早上我遲到的原因。2．關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞包括關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系詞有三大作用：代指先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作句子成分。Beijing，whichisthecapitalcityofChina，isaverybeautifulcity..↓eq\x(代指Beijing，在從句中作主語)考點2限制性與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系密切，刪除后影響整個意思的表達(dá)與先行詞關(guān)系不密切，是一種補(bǔ)充說明，刪除后不影響整個意思的表達(dá)不用逗號分開一般使用逗號分開可用關(guān)系代詞that不可用關(guān)系代詞that關(guān)系代詞that，who，which/whom在從句中作賓語時可以省略關(guān)系代詞不可以省略關(guān)系代詞whom作賓語時可用who或that替代關(guān)系代詞不能替代讀時不停頓讀時停頓，用降調(diào)只可以修飾名詞或代詞，不可以修飾句子既可修飾名詞或代詞，也可以修飾句子，有逗號分開，只能由which,who或as引導(dǎo)Peoplewhotakephysicalexerciselivelonger.進(jìn)行體育鍛煉的人長壽。(限制性定語從句，說明要長壽需進(jìn)行體育鍛煉。先行詞是people，若把從句whotakephysicalexercise去掉，句子就失去所表達(dá)的意義“進(jìn)行體育鍛煉的人”)Hisdaughter,whoisinBostonnow,isinghomenextweek.他女兒現(xiàn)在在波士頓，下星期回來。(非限制性定語從句，whoisinBostonnow對先行詞daughter進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明，若把其去掉，主句意義“他的女兒下周將來家”仍然完整)單句語法填空/單句寫作①Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014showedamere5to10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.②Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,isnotgoodforthehealth.③昨天晚上所發(fā)生的事情，我一點兒也不知道。.④他十分慷慨地給予我時間，為此我非常感激。(非限制性定語從句).考點3正確使用關(guān)系詞1.關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞在句中代替指人或事物的先行詞，并在定語從句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語等句子成分。關(guān)系代詞先行詞句法功能who人主語、賓語(限制性定語從句中可省略)、表語whom人賓語(限制性定語從句中可省略)whose(＝ofwhom/ofwhich)人或物定語that人或物主語、賓語(限制性定語從句中可省略)which物主語、賓語(限制性定語從句中可省略)as人或物主語、賓語Doyouknowthemanthat/whomMr.Whiteintroducedjustnow?懷特先生剛才介紹的那個人你認(rèn)識嗎？Ourmonitoristheboywhosefatherisalawyer.我們的班長是父親做律師的那個男孩。【名師指津】關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。Tomisoneoftheengineerswhoaresentabroad.湯姆是被派往國外的工程師之一。Tomistheonlyoneoftheengineerswhohaseupwiththesolution.湯姆就是唯一提出解決方案的那位工程師。2．關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞代替表示時間、地點、原因的先行詞，并在從句中作時間狀語、地點狀語和原因狀語，不能省略。關(guān)系副詞先行詞句法功能when(＝in/at/on/...＋which)時間時間狀語where(＝in/at/on/...＋which)地點地點狀語why(＝forwhich)原因原因狀語(只引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句)Thetimewhen(atwhich)IfirstmetNelsonMandelawasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.第一次見納爾遜·曼德拉的時候，是我一生中非常困難的時期。Theschoolwhere(atwhich)Istudiedforonlytwoyearswasthreekilometresaway.那所離這里有3千米遠(yuǎn)，我僅在那里讀過兩年書。Therearevariousreasons(forwhich)whypeoplewritepoetry.人們寫詩有各種各樣的理由?！久麕熤附颉肯刃性~為抽象地點的名詞(situation，case，stage，point，activity等)，且關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作狀語時，用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句。如果關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語或賓語時則用關(guān)系代詞which/that。Theyhavereachedthepointwheretheyhavetoseparatewitheachother.他們已經(jīng)到了必須分手的地步。單句語法填空①InancientChinalivedanartistpaintingswerealmostlifelike.②Becausethemoon’sbodyblocksdirectradiomunicationwithaprobe,Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspotitcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoearth.③NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9am.to5pm.dailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield，sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.④Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmastershadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.⑤Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofclothgivesofflightinthedark.⑥Thestudentsbenefitingmostfromcollegearethosearetotallyengaged(參與)inacademiclife.3．“介詞＋關(guān)系詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句構(gòu)成句法功能用法指津介詞(短語)＋關(guān)系代詞狀語關(guān)系代詞只能用which或whom且不能省略介詞＋關(guān)系代詞＋名詞狀語關(guān)系代詞常用which和whose名詞(代詞)＋介詞＋關(guān)系代詞主語可轉(zhuǎn)化為“whose＋名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)數(shù)詞(形容詞最高級)＋of＋關(guān)系代詞主語數(shù)詞還可以用some，many，most，each等不定代詞替換Thepoormanhasnohouseinwhichhecanlive.那個窮人沒房子住。Recently，Iboughtanancientvase，thepriceofwhichwasveryreasonable.最近，我買了一個古董花瓶，它的價格很合理。4．a(chǎn)s,which與that的用法區(qū)別(1)七種只用that而不用which的情況①當(dāng)先行詞是all，much，little，few，everything等不定代詞或被不定代詞修飾時。Thereisnothingthatwecandonow.現(xiàn)在我們什么也做不了。②當(dāng)先行詞被theonly，thelast，thevery等修飾時。ThisistheverybookthatIwant.這正是我想要的書。③當(dāng)先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾時。Thepresenttimeisthebestgiftthatyoucangiveyourself.當(dāng)前的時光是你能給自己的最好的禮物。④當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時。Don’ttrustthefirstsignthatyousee.不要相信你看見的第一個跡象。⑤當(dāng)先行詞中既有表示人又有表示物的名詞時。Mymotherandheroldfriendstalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool.我媽媽和她的老朋友們談?wù)摿艘恍┧齻冇洃浿欣锏娜撕褪?。⑥?dāng)主句的主語是疑問詞who或which時。Whichisthecarthatyouboughtlastweek?你上周買的哪輛車？⑦當(dāng)先行詞是主句的表語，或關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語時。Jackisnotthemanthathewas.杰克不是過去的他了。用正確的關(guān)系詞填空①WealllikeourEnglishteacher,fromwehavelearnedalot.②Iwillneverforgetthedayonwewenttobuyguitarsintheguitarstore.③Thefoodwasforhermother,couldn’tgodowntomeethim.④Forinstance，inLima，thecapitalofPeru，therearemorethan50Chinesemedicineclinics，about70percentofweresetupbylocaldoctors.一、完成句子。根據(jù)語境，用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空。1.Mr.BlackisgoingtoBeijinginOctober,_______isthebestseasonthere.2.Iwillneverforgetthedays_______Ispentwithyourfamily.3.I'llneverforgetthelastday______wespenttogether.4.Doyoustillremembertheplace______wevisitedlastweek?5.HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou,_____isfamousfortheWestLake?6.IliveinBeijing,____isthecapitalofChina.7.Itisthethirdtime______youhavemadethesamemistake.8.Itwasinthestreet_____ImetJohnyesterday.9.Itwasabout600yearsago____thefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.10.Themoment_____Isawyou,Irecognizedyou.11.Whoisthestudent_____waslateforschooltoday?12.Who_____knowshimwantstomakefriendswithhim?13.Whatelsewasthereinmybrother____youdidn'tlike?14.Helivesintheroom____windowfacestothesouth.15.ThisisMr.Johnfor____sonIbroughtabookyesterday.(1)單句語法填空①Iwillneverforgetthedays________westayedtogetherinthecountryside.②Andrewlivesaloneandenjoysthepanyofapetcat________whichhe'sgrownsofond.③Thereason________hewaslatewasthatsomethingwaswrongwithhisbikeontheway.④Thehouse________whichhepaid200,000yuanisnowworth350,000yuan.⑤—Areyougettingonwellwithyourpartner?—Notatall.We'vealmostetothepoint________wehavetoseparate.用關(guān)系副詞或“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”將下列每對句子合并成一個句子①Yourmotheristalkingtotheboy.Doyouknowhim.__________________________________________________________________②Thefactoryisfarawayfrommyhometown.Hisfatherworksthere.__________________________________________________________________③Ididn'tethismorning.Thereasonwasthatitrainedheavily.__________________________________________________________________④YesterdayMaryboughtafewclothes.Allofthemwerebeautiful.__________________________________________________________________⑤Yousolvetheprobleminthisway.Idon'tlikeit.__________________________________________________________________二．被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be＋過去分詞”構(gòu)成。助動詞be隨著主語的人稱、數(shù)和句子時態(tài)的不同而變化?，F(xiàn)在過去將來過去將來一般is/am/aredonewas/weredonewill/shallbedonewould/shouldbedone進(jìn)行is/am/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdonewill/shallbebeingdonewould/shouldbebeingdone完成have/hasbeendonehadbeendonewill/shallhavebeendonewould/shouldhavebeendoneXiaoMing’sCellphoneXiaoMing’scellphonewasbroken①byhisfatheryesterdayevening.Icouldn’tgetthroughtohimbecausethecellphonewasbeingrepaired②then.Beforethis，hiscellphonehadbeenbroken③fourtimesbecausehewascareless.XiaoMinglikedcellphonegamessomuchthathedidn’tstudyhard.Cellphonesarewidelyused④nowadays.However，manyofthemarebeingused⑤toplaygamesbyteenagers.Sofar，manyquestionshavebeenraised⑥bytheirparents.Shouldtheybeused⑦bystudents?XiaoMing’scellphonewillberepaired⑧wellsoon.MaybebynextSundaythecellphonewillhavebeenbrought⑨homeandwillbebeingused⑩toplaygamesagain.①是被動語態(tài)的一般過去時，結(jié)構(gòu)為：was/were＋過去分詞。②是被動語態(tài)的過去進(jìn)行時，結(jié)構(gòu)為：was/were＋being＋過去分詞。③是被動語態(tài)的過去完成時，結(jié)構(gòu)為：hadbeen＋過去分詞。④是被動語態(tài)的一般現(xiàn)在時，結(jié)構(gòu)為：is/am/are＋過去分詞。⑤是被動語態(tài)的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，結(jié)構(gòu)為：is/amare＋being＋過去分詞。⑥是被動語態(tài)的現(xiàn)在完成時，結(jié)構(gòu)為：have/hasbeen＋過去分詞。⑦是帶情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：情態(tài)動詞＋be＋過去分詞。⑧是被動語態(tài)的一般將來時，結(jié)構(gòu)為：will＋be＋過去分詞。⑨是被動語態(tài)的將來完成時，結(jié)構(gòu)為：will＋havebeen＋過去分詞。⑩是被動語態(tài)的將來進(jìn)行時，結(jié)構(gòu)為：will＋bebeing＋過去分詞。2.主動形式表被動意義(1)“系動詞look，sound，feel，smell，taste等＋形容詞/名詞”構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。Thesteelfeelscold.鋼摸起來很涼。(2)動詞need,require,want,beworth后加動詞－ing形式的主動結(jié)構(gòu)表被動意義。Mywatchcan’twork;itneedsrepairing.我的手表不能用了，需要修了。(3)某些可和well，easily等副詞連用的不及物動詞，如read，write,draw，wash，clean，cook，sell等。Nyloncleanseasily.尼龍容易清洗。一．單句語法填空①Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublic(call)galleriesorrooms.②Theartistwassurehewould(choose),butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor’schiefminister,theoldmanlaughed.③And，asmorechildrenwereborn，morefood(need)．④ThisEnglishsayinghasmuchtruthinit：thebestplace(surround)byourlovedonesandwitharoofoverourhead.⑤Onthelastdayofourweek－longstay，we(invite)toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars，listeningtomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.二．單句語法填空1．Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswho(trap)inthemountainsfortwodays.2．Mywashingmachinerepair)thisweek，soIhavetowashmyclothesbyhand.3．Nowadays，cycling，alongwithjoggingandswimming，(regard)asoneofthebestall-roundformsofexercise.4．Ifyouleavetheclub，you(not，allow)backin.5．Igotcaughtintherainonmywayhomeandmynewsuit(ruin)．語法填空MybestfriendKaiyaislikeme.She1.____________(remind)meofmyself.Inthepast,I2.____________(be)neverconfidentbecauseofmyappearance.Peoplealwayslaughedatmyweight,myheight,myhairstyle,etc.Atthattime,Iwastheshorteststudentinmyclass.Istartedgettingdepressed.However,someonetoldmesomethingthatIwillalwaysremember.ItwasinMarch.Surroundedbyagroupofgirlswho3.____________(point)atmeandlaughedatme,Icouldn’thelpcrying.Thetearsrolleddownmyfacelikearushingriver.Tomysurprise,someoneliftedmyheadupandwipedthetearsfrommyeyes.IthenknewitwasourEnglishteacher,MissLi.Shesaid，“you4.____________(be)perfectthewayyouare.Youshouldneverchangeorhateyourself.People5.____________(accept)youforwhoyou6.____________(be)．Butifyoucannotacceptyourself,thenhowwillotherpeopleacceptyou？”I7.____________(inspire)byherwords.Overthepastfewmonths，I8.____________(learn)thatnooneisperfectandthatweallhaveflaws.NowIhavewonderfulfriendswho9.____________(love)meforwhoIam.Now,seeingKaiyacry，IdecidetotellherthesamethingMissLi10.____________(tell)me.語法填空一(2021-2022學(xué)年福建師范大學(xué)附屬)閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。I'vehadmyfairshareoftravellingaroundChina,andarecentweek-longtriptoGuizhouwasmyfirsttimetotheprovince.ItriedlookingupthemeaningandimportanceofthenameGuizhoubeforethetrip,___69___（basic）tohaveareasonableideaofwhatwasinstoreforme.Butthatwas___70___hardtasksoIaskedaChinesecoworkeraboutthetrip.Fromwhatshesaid,longagotheprovince___71___（name）afterafamousmountaincalled"Gui",kindofnobleandhonorableinliteraltranslationand"zhou",___72___simplymeansprovinceinChinese.___73___（keep）thatinmind,IsetoutonajourneyofdiscoveryandwhatIfoundwasattractive,aphotographer'sparadise（天堂圣地）.GenerallydescribedasamountainousprovinceinsouthwesternChina,withGuiyangas___74___（it）capital,theprovinceistrulyoneofnature'sbestkeptsecrets.paredtootherleading___75___（province）inChina,whenites___76___development,Guizhouhassomecatching-up___77___（do）.However,theprovinceremainsuniquenotonlyforisamazinglandscape（風(fēng)景）___78___fortheroleitplayedinthepoliticalhistoryofmodernChinaandtheroleitistoplayintheworldaswell.二(2021-2022學(xué)年廣東省惠州市)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Chinesecharactersaresoamazingthatevenmanyforeignersarecrazyaboutthem.Forthepastthreedecades,RichardSearshasbeenfocusedononething:tellingthestoriesbehindChinesecharacters.HisinterestinChineselanguageandcharacters____46____(date)backto1972,whenhewas____47____22-year-oldphysicsmajorintheUSA.Hebuiltawebsitein2002andnameditChineseEtymology,____48____visitorscancheckthedevelopmentofChinesecharactersinavarietyof____49____(form)forfree.Becauseofthiswell-receivedwebsite,hebecameUncleHanzi,anicknamewhich____50____(give)byChinesenetizens.InSeptember,SearssetuphisstudioinNanjingaspartofthelocalgovernment’splantopromoteChineseculture.____51____(help)bothChineseandforeignlearnershaveabetterunderstandingofChinesecharacters,thestudioconcentrates____52____tellingstoriesbehindChinesecharacterswiththeaidoftechnology.Theyhavemadeover60videosinEnglishwithChinesesubtitles(字幕)forBilibili,apopularvideowebsiteamongyoungpeople.____53____(watch)thevideosnotonlybringsfunbutalsomakespeopleknowmoreaboutChinesecharacters,leavingthemadeep____54____(impress).WiththetirelesseffortsofpeoplelikeRichardSearsandthegovernment’ssupport,morepeoplewillappreciatethebeautyofChinesecharacters____55____(full).三(2021-2022學(xué)年廣東省中山市)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。MarioLoutefhadlittlesleepoverthefourdaysleadinguptoSaturday,whenhepiledhis____36____(ruin)belongingsinthestreetoutsidehishomeinPrinceton,B.C.Alargepartofhismunity____37____(destroy)whentheTulameenRiveroverflowed(漫過)itsbanks,____38____(flood)homesandforcingpeopletoevacuate.Themunitystillremainsonanevacuationalert(戒備狀態(tài))butformany,likeLoutef,thedamagecouldn’tgetany____39____(bad).Athickcoatofblackearthhascoveredeverythingonthe____40____(one)floorofLoutef'shome.Hehasbeenworkingaround____41____clocksincehewasallowedaccess.Boardshavebeentornoffwalls,on____42____adirtylineabout2metersupshowshowhighthewaterrose.Loutef's____43____(lose)wasgreat.“Ialmostlosteverything.Idon'tknowwheretostart.Idon'tknowwhereit'sgoingtoend,”saidLoutef,whohaslivedinthehomeforthepastfouryears.Loutefisworkingalonebu