河南師范大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院211翻譯碩士英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)碩士歷年考研真題及詳解整理

目錄

2012年河南師范大學(xué)211翻譯碩士英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解

2013年河南師范大學(xué)211翻譯碩士英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解

2014年河南師范大學(xué)211翻譯碩士英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解

2015年河南師范大學(xué)211翻譯碩士英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解

2017年河南師范大學(xué)211翻譯碩士英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解

2018年河南師范大學(xué)211翻譯碩士英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解

2012年河南師范大學(xué)211翻譯碩士

英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解

Ⅰ.VocabularyandGrammar(30points)

Directions:Thereare30incompletesentencesthispart.Foreach

sentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheONE

answerthatbestcompletesthesentence.

1.Thechairmanwasblamedforlettinghissecretary_____toomuch

worklastweek.

A.taketo

B.takeout

C.takeaway

D.takeon

【答案】D

【解析】句意：董事長(zhǎng)被指責(zé)上周讓他的秘書(shū)承擔(dān)了太多工作。take

on承擔(dān)。taketo喜歡；開(kāi)始從事。takeout取出；去掉。takeaway帶走，

拿走。

2.Beingignorantofthelawisnotacceptedasa(n)_____forbreaking

thelaw.

A.excuse

B.intention

C.option

D.approval

【答案】A

【解析】句意：不懂法律不能作為違犯法律的借口。excuse借口。

approval批準(zhǔn)；認(rèn)可。

3.Itissaidinsomepartsoftheworld,goats,ratherthancows,serveas

avital_____ofmilk.

A.storage

B.reserve

C.resource

D.source

【答案】D

【解析】句意：據(jù)說(shuō)在世界上某些地方，奶的重要來(lái)源是山羊而不

是奶牛。source來(lái)源。

4.Toour_____,Geoffrey’sillnessprovednottobeasseriousaswe

hadfeared.

A.anxiety

B.relief

C.view

D.judgment

【答案】B

【解析】句意：讓人欣慰的是，杰弗里的病沒(méi)有我們害怕的那么嚴(yán)

重。toone’srelief使人安心的是。

5.Manypeoplelikewhitecolorasitisa_____ofpurity.

A.symbol

B.sign

C.signal

D.symptom

【答案】A

【解析】句意：許多人喜歡白色，因?yàn)榘咨羌儩嵉南笳?。sign指人

們公認(rèn)事物的記號(hào)、標(biāo)志，也可指某種情況的跡象。symbol指有象征意

義的或表達(dá)某種深邃含義的特殊事物。signal指為某一目的而有意發(fā)出

的信號(hào)、暗號(hào)。

6.Thelureofsomethingfornothingasanidealingamblinghas_____

criticismfromtheupright,honestpeopleofthesociety.

A.evoked

B.stirred

C.spread

D.enhanced

【答案】A

【解析】句意：賭博的理想是不勞而獲，這種誘惑引發(fā)了社會(huì)上正

直、誠(chéng)實(shí)的人們的批評(píng)。evoke引起，喚起。

7.ThestudentsintheAdvancedTeachers’TrainingClassareaskedto

visitthenearbymiddleschoolsforthe_____oflessons.

A.inspection

B.investigation

C.observance

D.observation

【答案】D

【解析】句意：高級(jí)教師培訓(xùn)班的學(xué)員被要求到附近的中學(xué)觀摩教

學(xué)。inspection視察，檢查（有上級(jí)對(duì)下級(jí)的意味）。observance慣例；

遵守。

8.Hisirresponsiblebehaviorputthelivesofalltheworkersin_____.

A.risk

B.alarm

C.hazard

D.jeopardy

【答案】D

【解析】句意：他不負(fù)責(zé)任的行為將所有的工人置于危險(xiǎn)之中。in

jeopardy處于危險(xiǎn)狀態(tài)。risk與at搭配。

9.FortunatelywhenIcollidedwiththatbigcar,thedamagetobothcars

wasonly_____.

A.small

B.minimal

C.little

D.few

【答案】B

【解析】句意：幸運(yùn)的是，當(dāng)我和那輛大車(chē)相撞時(shí)，兩輛車(chē)都只有

輕微損壞。minimal指“極小的，極少的”，尤其是最小的程度或數(shù)量。

10.Oneoftheproblemsourgovernmenthastodealwithisthe_____of

thegrowingnumberofplasticcontainers.

A.dissolution

B.disposition

C.disappearance

D.disposal

【答案】D

【解析】句意：我們政府需要解決的一個(gè)問(wèn)題是如何處理日益增多

的塑料容器。disposal丟棄，處理。dissolution溶解；（議會(huì)等的）解

散。disposition處置；性情。

11.You_____thatlettertoJames.However,youdidn’t.

A.oughttowrite

B.oughttohavewritten

C.shouldwrite

D.shouldbewriting

【答案】B

【解析】句意：你原本應(yīng)該寫(xiě)信給詹姆斯，然而你并沒(méi)有寫(xiě)。ought

tohavewritten是虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示本應(yīng)該做某事而沒(méi)做。

12.Underthis_____pressuresomeoftherocksevenbecameliquid.

A.intensive

B.weighty

C.intense

D.bulky

【答案】C

【解析】句意：在這種強(qiáng)壓下，一些巖石甚至變成了液體。intense

強(qiáng)烈的。intensive加強(qiáng)的；集中的。weighty重的。bulky龐大的；笨重

的。

13.Itwasrequestedthatalloftheequipment_____intheagreedtime.

A.erected

B.wouldbeerected

C.beerected

D.willbeerected

【答案】C

【解析】句意：所有設(shè)備都被要求在約定時(shí)間建好。在表示建議、

要求等的詞后，從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省

略。

14.Wearewritingtothemanager_____therepairsrecentlycarriedout

attheaboveaddress.

A.withreferenceto

B.withthepurposeof

C.withaviewto

D.withtheexception

【答案】A

【解析】句意：我們正在給經(jīng)理寫(xiě)信，內(nèi)容關(guān)于最近在上述地方進(jìn)

行的修補(bǔ)。withreferenceto關(guān)于，有關(guān)。withthepurposeof目的是。

withaviewto為了，目的是。withtheexceptionof除……以外。

15.AspecialfeatureofeducationatMITistheopportunityforstudents

andfacultyto_____togetherinresearchactivities.

A.involve

B.participate

C.specialize

D.consist

【答案】B

【解析】句意：麻省理工學(xué)院教育的一個(gè)突出特點(diǎn)是，為學(xué)生和全

體教員提供了一起參加研究活動(dòng)的機(jī)會(huì)。participatein參加。

16.Somepeoplearguethatthedeath_____doesnotnecessarilyreduce

thenumberofmurders.

A.penalty

B.plot

C.pattern

D.practice

【答案】A

【解析】句意：有人認(rèn)為，死刑未必會(huì)減少謀殺的數(shù)量。death

penalty死刑。

17.Televisionwasnotinventedbyanyoneperson._____intobeing

overnight.

A.Norhasitsprung

B.Nordoesitspring

C.Nordiditspring

D.Norcanitspring

【答案】C

【解析】句意：電視并不是被某一個(gè)人所發(fā)明，也不是一夜之間就

出現(xiàn)的。否定詞放于句首應(yīng)該用部分倒裝。

18.Astudyshowsthatstudentslivinginnon-smokingdormsareless

likelyto_____thehabitofsmoking.

A.turnup

B.pickup

C.makeup

D.drawup

【答案】B

【解析】句意：研究表明，生活在無(wú)煙宿舍的學(xué)生不太可能養(yǎng)成吸

煙的習(xí)慣。pickup撿起；不費(fèi)力地學(xué)會(huì)。turnup出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生。makeup

組成；補(bǔ)足。drawup起草。

19.Manypersonnelmanagerssayitisgettingharderandharderto

_____honestapplicantsfromthegrowingnumberofdishonestones.

A.dissolve

B.disguise

C.discount

D.distinguish

【答案】D

【解析】句意：許多人事經(jīng)理說(shuō)，越來(lái)越難將誠(chéng)實(shí)的申請(qǐng)者與逐漸

增多的不誠(chéng)實(shí)申請(qǐng)者區(qū)分開(kāi)。distinguish...from...把……跟……區(qū)分開(kāi)

來(lái)。dissolve使溶解；使分解。disguise掩飾；假裝。discount打折扣；低

估。

20.TheEuropeanUnioncountrieswereonceworriedthattheywould

nothave_____suppliesofpetroleum.

A.proficient

B.efficient

C.potential

D.sufficient

【答案】D

【解析】句意：歐盟成員國(guó)一度擔(dān)心他們沒(méi)有足夠的石油供應(yīng)。

sufficient足夠的；充分的。proficient熟練的，精通的。efficient有效率

的；有能力的。

21.Somepeoplebelievethatsinceoilisscarce,the_____ofthemotor

industryisuncertain.

A.terminal

B.benefit

C.fate

D.estimate

【答案】C

【解析】句意：有些人認(rèn)為，由于石油十分短缺，汽車(chē)制造業(yè)的前

景無(wú)法確定。terminal末端；終點(diǎn)。

22.Duringtheprocess,greatcarehastobetakentoprotectthe_____

silkfromdamage.

A.sensitive

B.tender

C.delicate

D.sensible

【答案】C

【解析】句意：在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，人們十分注意保護(hù)精美的絲綢不受

損害。delicate微妙的；精美的。sensitive敏感的。tender溫柔的；柔軟

的。sensible明智的；通情達(dá)理的。

23.Wearequitesurethatwecan_____ourpresentdifficultiesand

finishthetaskaccordingtoschedule.

A.getacross

B.getover

C.getaway

D.getoff

【答案】B

【解析】句意：我們十分確定我們可以克服當(dāng)前困難，按期完成任

務(wù)。getover克服；恢復(fù)。getacross通過(guò)；使……被理解。getaway離

開(kāi)；逃脫。getoff動(dòng)身；免于受罰。

24.Theoldpapermillhasbeen_____tomakewayforanewshopping

centre.

A.cutdown

B.keptdown

C.torndown

D.helddown

【答案】C

【解析】句意：為了給新購(gòu)物中心騰出地方，這座舊造紙廠已經(jīng)被

拆除。teardown拆除；拆毀。cutdown削減；砍倒。keepdown控制；鎮(zhèn)

壓。holddown抑制；壓制。

25.Inmyopinion,he’s_____themostimaginativeofallthe

contemporarypoets.

A.inall

B.atbest

C.forall

D.byfar

【答案】D

【解析】句意：在我看來(lái)，他是當(dāng)代最有想象力的詩(shī)人。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)

中只有byfar可以放在最高級(jí)前作程度副詞。forall盡管；雖然。

26.Whatalovelyparty!It’sworth_____allmylife.

A.remembering

B.toremember

C.toberemembered

D.beingremembered

【答案】A

【解析】句意：真是一次令人愉快的聚會(huì)！我一輩子都會(huì)記住它。

worth后面可以接動(dòng)名詞，須用主動(dòng)形式來(lái)表示被動(dòng)含義。

27.Afterworkingallday,hewassotiredthathewasinno_____togo

tothepartywithus.

A.mood

B.emotion

C.sense

D.taste

【答案】A

【解析】句意：工作一整天后，他十分疲憊，沒(méi)心情跟我們一起去

聚會(huì)。innomood沒(méi)有心情。

28.It’sgoodtoknowthatquiteafewpopularEnglishexpressions

actually_____fromtheBible.

A.acquire

B.derive

C.result

D.obtain

【答案】B

【解析】句意：很多流行的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)實(shí)際上出于圣經(jīng)，知道這一事

實(shí)很有趣。derivefrom源出，來(lái)自。

29.Accordingtothekeywitness,apeculiarlybignoseisthecriminal’s

mostmemorablefacial_____.

A.feature

B.signature

C.hint

D.spot

【答案】A

【解析】句意：主要目擊者稱(chēng)，鼻子很大是罪犯最令人難忘的面部

特征。signature署名；簽名。facialfeature面部特征。

30.Researchshowsthatthereisno_____relationshipbetweenhow

muchapersonearnsandwhetherhefeelsgoodaboutlife.

A.successive

B.sincere

C.significant

D.subsequent

【答案】C

【解析】句意：研究表明，一個(gè)人賺多少錢(qián)與其是否對(duì)生活滿(mǎn)意之

間沒(méi)有明顯的關(guān)系。subsequent后來(lái)的，隨后的。successive連續(xù)的；繼

承的。

Ⅱ.ReadingComprehension(40points)

Section1(20points)

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowed

bysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefour

choicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

PassageA

TheBritishpsychoanalystJohnBowlbymaintainsthatseparationfrom

theparentsduringthesensitive“attachment”periodfrombirthtothreemay

scarachild’spersonalityandpredisposetoemotionalproblemsinlaterlife.

SomepeoplehavedrawntheconclusionfromBowlby’sworkthatchildren

shouldnotbesubjectedtodaycarebeforetheageofthreebecauseofthe

parentalseparationitentails,andmanypeopledobelievethis.Butthereare

alsoargumentsagainstsuchastrongconclusion.

Firstly,anthropologistspointoutthattheinsulatedloveaffairbetween

childrenandparentsfoundinmodernsocietiesdoesnotusuallyexistin

traditionalsocieties.Forexample,wesawearlierthatamongtheNgonithe

fatherandmotherofachilddidnotreartheirinfantalone—farfromit.

Secondly,commonsensetellsusthatdaycarewouldnotsowidespread

todayifparents,caretakersfoundchildrenhadproblemswithit.Statistical

studiesofthiskindhavenotyetbeencarriedout,andeveniftheywere,the

resultswouldbecertaintobecomplicatedandcontroversial.Thirdly,inthe

lastdecade,therehavebeenanumberofcarefulAmericanstudiesofchildren

indaycare,andtheyhaveuniformlyreportedthatdaycarehadaneutralor

slightlypositiveeffectonchildren’sdevelopment.Butteststhathavehadto

beusedtomeasurethisdevelopmentarenotwidelyenoughacceptedtosettle

theissue.

ButBowlby’sanalysisraisesthepossibilitythatearlydaycarehas

delayedeffects.Thepossibilitythatsuchcaremightleadto,say,moremental

illnessorcrime15or20yearslatercanonlybeexploredbytheuseof

statistics.Whateverthelong-termeffects,parentssometimesfindthe

immediateeffectsdifficulttodealwith.Childrenunderthreearelikelyto

protestatleavingtheirparentsandshowunhappiness.Attheageofthreeor

threeandahalfalmostallchildrenfindthetransitiontonurseryeasy,andthis

isundoubtedly,whymoreandmorepatentsmakeuseofchildcareatthis

time.Thematter,then,isfarfromclear-cut,thoughexperienceandavailable

evidenceindicatethatearlycareisreasonableforinfants.

1.Thispassagemainlycenterson_____.

A.infantsundertheageofthreeshouldnotbesenttonurseryschools

B.whetherchildrenundertheageofthreeshouldgotonurseryschools

C.thereisnotnegativelong-termeffectoninfantswhoaresentto

schoolbeforetheyarethree

D.thereissomenegativeeffectonchildrenwhoaresenttoschoolafter

theageofthree

2.Thephrase“predisposeto”inthefirstparagraphmostprobably

means_____.

A.relieve

B.influencefavorably

C.disposeof

D.tendtosuffer

3.AccordingtoBowlby’sbelief,itisquitepossiblethat_____.

A.men’spersonalitieswillbechangedtosomeextentthrough

separationfromtheirparents

B.earlydaycarecandelaytheoccurrenceofmentalillnessinchildren

C.childrenwillbeexposedtopotentialnegativeeffectsfromearlyday

carelateron

D.somelong-termeffectscanhardlybepredicted

4.ThosewhoareagainsttheconclusiondrawnfromBowlbythinkthat

_____.

A.traditionalsocietiesseparatethechildfromtheparentatanearlyage

B.daycaredoesnotnecessarilyhaveanegativeeffectonchildren

C.achilddidnotlivetogetherwithparentsamongNgoni

D.childrendoemotionalproblemswhenseparatedfromparents

5.Thewriterconcludesthat_____.

A.itisdifficulttomakeclearwhatistherightagefornurseryschool

B.itisnotsettlednowwhetherearlycareisreasonableforchildren

C.itisnotbeneficialforchildrentobesenttonurseryschool

D.itisreasonabletosubjectachildabovethreetonurseryschool

【答案與解析】

1.B第一段提出，有的人認(rèn)為“...childrenshouldnotbesubjectedto

daycarebeforetheageofthree”，后面說(shuō)到也有一些反對(duì)這一結(jié)論的觀

點(diǎn)，后文針對(duì)這一話(huà)題進(jìn)行了討論。

2.D根據(jù)賓語(yǔ)“emotionalproblems”即可知句意，這些孩子們?cè)诮窈?/p>

的生活中容易遇到情感問(wèn)題。

3.C由最后一段“ButBowlby’sanalysisraisesthepossibilitythatearly

daycarehasdelayedeffects”可知，“earlydaycare”的影響會(huì)延遲。

4.A由第二段“...theinsulatedloveaffairbetweenchildrenandparents

foundinmodernsocietiesdoesnotusuallyexistintraditionalsocieties”可

知，反對(duì)第一段結(jié)論的人認(rèn)為，在傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)中，孩子與父母很早就分

開(kāi)。

5.D最后一段作者的結(jié)論為“...experienceandavailableevidence

indicatethatearlycareisreasonableforinfants.”，也就是把三歲以上的孩

子送到托兒所是合理的。

PassageB

Gettingreadytogobacktoschoolinthegoodolddaysof,say,1998

meantafewtripstothemallandaquickcheckofthebusroute.Thisyear,

formanypatents,therearesomenewthingstoremember:Theteacher’se-

mailaddress,theschool’swebsiteandwhichnightonlinehomeworkhelps

chatwillbeoffered.“The1999-2000schoolyearwillbetheonewhenthe

majorityofparentsreallyfeeltheInternet’sinfluenceontheirchildren’s

educationeverydaylevel,”saysJonathanCarson,chairmanoftheFamily

EducationCo.,whichoffersaparentingwebsiteatwww.family

andaframeworkforlocalschoolstocreateandmaintaintheir

ownsites.

Thisyearpromisestoshowaquantumleapinthespreadofschool

technology:Parentsinmanydistrictscanexpecttobeabletocheckthe

schoollunchmenu,readclassnotes,seeactivitycalendarandviewnightly

homeworkassignments—allonline.“Theschoolsarewired.”saysCarson.

“Amajorityofparentsnowhaveaccessandtheeducatorsarereadytogo.”

Overthesummer,parentsofhighschoolGermanstudentsinIthaca,

N.Y.gottobepartofaclasstoEurope,throughtheirhomecomputers.The

classbroughtadigitalcameraandlaptopwiththemtoGermanyand

documentedtheirvisitontheirwebpage.HazyAsh,fatherof16-year-old

travelerBrian,founditreassuringtoseehisson’ssmilingfacefromhalfa

worldaway.Beforetheirkidsleft,parentshadchokedthesiteforscheduling

information,alistofactivitiesandadviceonculturaldifferences.

Whenit’sdesignedwell,adistrict,schoolorclassroomwebsitecan

changetherelationshipbetweentheparentsandtheschool,saysCynthia

Lapier,Ithaca’sdirectorofinformationandinstructionaltechnology.“The

moreyoucaninvolveparentsinschool,thebetter,”Lapiersays.“The

technologygivesusanotherwaytoreachthem,especiallyparentsof

secondaryschoolstudents,whotendtobelessinvolved.”

Ithacahighschoolphysicsteacher,SteverWirt,getse-mailfromparents

regularly,somefromtheparentshebelievesmightotherwisenotpickupthe

phonewithaconcern.Usingreviewingforaquizordiscussinghomework

problems.

Thewaythingsaregoing,bytheendofthisyear,manyparentsmaybe

fullyconverted-andinfactdependentupontheirschools’technological

capabilities.AtarecentlywiredschoolinNovi,Michigan,theschool

webmasterwasjustafewhourslatepostingthelunch-menucalendaronthe

website.Inthattime,morethanadozenparentscalledhimbytelephoneto

requesttheinformation.“Ayearago,itneverwouldhavebeenthere,“says

Carson.Andnowpatentsarefindingit’stoughtogetbywithoutit.

6.Manyparentsnowremembertheteacher’se-mailaddressandthe

school’swebsitebecause_____.

A.bydoingsotheyneedn’tgotothestoretobuystationeryfortheir

children

B.theycanreachtheirchildren’sschoolandtheteacherswithout

travelingthere

C.thee-mailandthewebsitecanhelpthemfindoutwhattheirchildren

do

D.theycanobservehowtheInternetaffecttheirchildren’seducation

everyday

7.“Theschoolsarewired.Amajorityofparentsnowhaveaccessand

theeducatorsarereadytogo.”(Para.2)meansthat_____.

A.theschoolsandpaintsareconnectedbytheIntentsothatteachers

willleaveschool

B.parentscanfindoutwhathappenstotheirchildreninschoolby

visitingInternet

C.parentsandeducatorsmaydiscoverthatschoolsarestrangebyusing

computers

D.theschoolsareonlineandparentsnowcanteachtheirchildrenand

theteachersaretogo

8.TheexampleofIthacahighschoolisusedtoshow_____.

A.howimportanttheschoolwebsiteisforparentstobeinvolvedin

education

B.thattheschoolonlinecanreassuretheparentsaboutwhattheir

childrendo

C.howtheparentsofthestudentsgottobepartofaclasstriptoEurope

D.itismorelikelyforparentstosendteacherse-mailsthantophone

them

9.Accordingtothelastparagraph,theattitudeofparentstowardsthe

lunch-menucalendaronthewebsiteis_____.

A.reliant

B.optimistic

C.biased

D.opposite

10.Accordingtothispassage,whichofthefollowingwillbechanged

most?

A.Therelationshipbetweenteachersandschools.

B.Theconnectionbetweenstudentsandschools.

C.Therelationshipbetweenparentsandschools.

D.Theassociationbetweenwebsitesandschools.

【答案與解析】

6.C根據(jù)第二段第二句“Parents...checktheschoollunchmenu,read

classnotes,seeactivitycalendarandviewnightlyhomeworkassignments-all

online.”可知，網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以幫助家長(zhǎng)了解學(xué)生在學(xué)校各方面的情況，掌握相

關(guān)的信息。

7.B這句話(huà)表明網(wǎng)絡(luò)為學(xué)校、教師和家長(zhǎng)提供了利用現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)

的便利條件。

8.A第三段中“...parentsofhighschool...gottobepartofaclassto

Europe,throughtheirhomecomputers”說(shuō)明了網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)在教育中起到越來(lái)

越重要的作用，信息技術(shù)可以促使一切因素參與學(xué)校教育。

9.A由最后一段“Andnowpatentsarefindingit’stoughtogetby

withoutit.”可知，家長(zhǎng)已經(jīng)離不開(kāi)學(xué)校提供的網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)了。

10.C根據(jù)第四段“Whenit’sdesignedwell,adistrict,schoolor

classroomwebsitecanchangetherelationshipbetweentheparentandthe

school”可知，如果一個(gè)地區(qū)、學(xué)校或教室的網(wǎng)站設(shè)計(jì)得好，便會(huì)改善家

長(zhǎng)與學(xué)校之間的關(guān)系。

Section2Answeringquestions(20’)

Directions:ReadthefollowingpassagesandthenanswerIN

COMPLETESENTENCESthequestionswhichfolloweachpassage.Use

onlyinformationfromthepassageyouhavejustreadandwriteyouranswer

inthecorrespondingspaceinyouranswersheet.

Questions1-3:

GeorgeWashingtonCarvershowedthatplantlifewasmorethanjust

foodforanimalsandhumans.Carver’sfirststepwastoanalyzeplantpartsto

findoutwhattheyweremadeof.Hethencombinedthesesimplerisolated

substanceswithothersubstancestocreatenewproducts.

Thebranchofchemistrythatstudiesandfindswaystouserawmaterials

fromfarmproductstomakeindustrialproductsiscalledchemurgy.Carver

wasoneofthefirstandgreatestchemurgistsofalltime.Todaythescienceof

chemurgyisbetterknownasthescienceofsynthetics.Eachdaypeople

dependonandusesyntheticmaterialsmadefromrawmaterials.Allhislife

Carverbattledagainstthedisposalofwastematerials,andwarnedofthe

growingneedtodevelopsubstitutesforthenaturalsubstancesbeingusedup

byhumans.

Carvernevercaredaboutgettingcreditforthenewproductshecreated,

lienevertriedtopatenthisdiscoveriesorgetwealthyformthem.Heturned

downmanyofferstoleaveTuskegeeInstitutetobecomearichscientistin

privateindustry.ThomasEdison,inventoroftheelectriclight,offeredhima

laboratoryinDetroittocarryoutfoodresearchwhentheUnitedStates

governmentmadehimacollaboratorintheMycologyandPlantDisease

SurveyoftheDepartmentofAgriculture.Heacceptedthepositionwiththe

understandingthathewouldn’thavetoleaveTuskegee,Anauthorityonplant

disease—especiallyofthefungusvariety-Carversenthundredsofspecimens

totheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture.Atthepeakofhiscareer,

Carver’sfameandinfluencewereknownoneverycontinent.

1.Whatisthemaintopicofthispassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,giveadefinitionofchemurgy.

3.WhatisthemainconcernofCarverallhislife?

【答案與解析】

1.TheworkandcareerofGeorgeWashingtonCarver,agreat

chemurgist.

（從文章的第一句“GeorgeWashingtonCarvershowedthatplantlife

wasmorethanjustfoodforanimalsandhumans”和最后一句“Atthepeakof

hiscareer,Carver’sfameandinfluencewereknownoneverycontinent”以及

全文的內(nèi)容可看出，全文是在介紹Carver在植物方面的研究對(duì)世界所產(chǎn)

生的影響。）

2.Chemurgyisthedevelopmentofindustrialproductsfromfarm

products.

（第二段第一句對(duì)chemurgy的定義為“Thebranchofchemistrythat

studiesandfindswaystouserawmaterialsfromfarmproductstomake

industrialproductsiscalledchemurgy.”）

3.Themainconcernofhimisthedisposalofwastematerials.

（由第二段最后一句“AllhislifeCarverbattledagainstthedisposalof

wastematerials,andwarnedofthegrowingneedto…”可知，卡弗一生中最

擔(dān)心的是垃圾的處理。）

Questions4-5:

Inoneverylongsentence,theintroductiontotheU.N.Charterexpresses

theidealsandthecommonaimsofallthepeopleswhosegovernmentsjoined

togethertoformtheU.N.

“WethepeoplesoftheU.N.determinedtosavesucceedinggenerations

fromthescourgeofwar,whichtwiceinourlifetimehasbroughtuntold

sufferingtomankind,andtoreaffirmfaithinfundamentalrights,inthe

dignityandworthofthehumanperson,intheequalrightsofmenandwomen

andofnationslargeandsmall,andtoestablishconditionsunderwhich

justiceandrespectfortheobligationsarisingfromtreatiesandothersources

ofinternationallawcanhementioned,andtopromotesocialprogressand

betterstandardsoflifeinlargerfreedom,andforthoseends,topractise

toleranceandlivetogetherinpeacewithoneanotherasgoodneighbors,and

touniteourstrengthtomaintaininternationalpeaceandsecurity,andto

ensure,bytheacceptanceofprinciplesandtheinstitutionofmethods,that

armedforceshallnotbeused,saveinthecommoninterest,andtoemploy

internationalmachineryforthepromotionofeconomicandsocial

advancementofallpeople,haveresolvedtocombineoureffortsto

accomplishtheseaims”.

Thename“UnitedNations”isaccreditedtoU.SPresidentFranklinD.

Roosevelt,andthefirstgroupofrepresentativesofmemberstatesmetand

signedadeclarationofcommonintentonNewYear’sDayin1942,

Representativesoffivepowersworkedtogethertodrawupproposals,

completedatDumbartonOaksin1944.Theseproposalsmodifiedafter

deliberationattheconferenceofInternationalOrganizationinSanFrancisco

whichbeganinApril1945,werefinallyagreedonandsignedastheU.N.

Charterby50countrieson26June1945.Poland,notrepresentedatthe

conference,signedtheCharterlaterandwasaddedtothelistoforiginal

members.Itwasnotuntilthatautumn,however,aftertheCharterhadbeen

ratifiedbyChina,France,theU.S.S.R.,theU.K.andtheU.S.andbya

majorityoftheotherparticipantsthatU.N.officiallycameintoexistence.The

datewas24October,nowuniversallycelebratedasUnitedNation’sDay.The

essentialfunctionsoftheU.Naretomaintaininternationalpeaceand

security,todevelopfriendlyrelationsamongnations,tocooperate

internationallyinsolvinginternationaleconomic,social,culturalandhuman

problems,promotingrespectforhumanrightsandfundamentalfreedomsand

tobeacentreforco-coordinatingtheactionsofnationsinattainingthese

commonends.

NocountrytakesprecedenceoveranotherintheU.N.Eachmember’s

rightsandobligationsarethesame.Allmustcontributetopeacefulsettlement

ofinternationaldisputes,andmembershavepledgedtorefrainfromthethreat

oruseofforceagainstotherstates.ThoughtheU.N.hasnorighttointervene

inanystate’sinternalaffairs,ittriestoensurethatnon-memberstatesact

accordingtoitsprinciplesofinternationalpeaceandsecurity.U.N.member

mustofferassistanceinanapprovedU.N.actionandinnowayassiststates

againstwhichtheU.N.istakingpreventiveorenforcementaction.

4.SummarizetheaimoftheU.N.

5.HowdoesU.N.dealwithacountry’sdomesticpolicies?

【答案與解析】

4.TheaimoftheUNistoensurethefundamentalrightsofpeopleand

promotesocialprogress.

（第二段引用聯(lián)合國(guó)憲章的句子表明了聯(lián)合國(guó)的目標(biāo)，包括保障人

們的基本權(quán)利、團(tuán)結(jié)各個(gè)國(guó)家、促進(jìn)社會(huì)發(fā)展等。）

5.UNdoesnotinterveneinacountry’sdomesticaffairsandittriesto

ensureacountryactaccordingtoitsprinciples.

（由最后一段“ThoughtheU.N.hasnorighttointerveneinanystate’s

internalaffairs,ittriestoensurethatnon-memberstatesactaccordingtoits

principlesofinternationalpeaceandsecurity.”可知，聯(lián)合國(guó)物權(quán)干涉一個(gè)

國(guó)家的內(nèi)政，只能盡力確保非成員國(guó)按照其國(guó)際和平與安全的原則行

事。）

Ⅲ.Writing(30’)

Throughoutourlife,wearemoreoftenthannotfacedwithvarious

crises.Confrontingcrises,differentpeopleresponddifferently.Whatisyour

attitudetowardcrises?

Writeacompositionabout400wordsonyourviewofthetopic.

【參考范文】

Crisisinourlifeislikeanillnessinourbody.Seriousillnessescan

destroyourhealthandsometimesevenputanendtoourlives,sodoesfierce

crisisknockusdownthatwemighthavenochanceofcheeringup.However,

mostfrequently,crisesarenotofthiskind.Thesecrisesarelikeailments

whichoccasionallydisturbourimmunesystem.Theyarecommonlyminor

andmakeusmuchstrongertodefeatadversitiesthatwilloccurinourlater

life.Eventhoseseriouscrises,ifhandledproperly,canbechangedintoa

blessingtous,too.

Aftercrises,peoplewilltrytoimprovethemechanismtorespondto

unexpectedcrises.Ifoneresetshisresolveandlearnsfromhisfailure,the

crisisthenwillbecomeapositivethingthathelpshimtosucceed.Tearand

sweatincrisesarebeneficialandwillcontinuetobenefitpeopleinthefuture.

Itmakesusstrongenoughtoembracethefuture.Takeafriendofmineasan

example.Hehadahardtimeinhischildhood,goingthroughsuchafatal

diseasethathehadneverthoughthecouldsurvive.Withastrongwillandthe

treatmentofdoctors,hewascured.Eversincethen,heregardedhislifeasa

secondgivenbyGodandhehasbeendoingwhateverhecantogivebackto

otherfellows.Hecherisheshislifeinagreatereffort,forheknowswhathe

reallywantstodoafternearlylosinghislife.

Crisesmakeusmorelikelytocherishwhatwehavenow.Aftergetting

overcrises,peoplearebyfarmoreconcernedabouttheirhealth,the

environmentandeverythingthattheyalwaysregardasamatterofcourse.

Besides,peoplewhorecoverfromcrises,allofsudden,realizeatruththatlife

issofeebleandprecariousthatiftheyfailtomakefulluseofit,theymay

havenoopportunitytodowhattheywanttodo,evenincapableofshowing

lovetotheirbeloved.

Asawell-knownancientChinesesayinggoes,thepastlessons,ifnot

buriedinoblivion,areteachersforusall.Weneedtobearinmindthose

sufferingsandcriseswe