新教材2023高中英語Unit5PoemsSectionIILearningAboutLanguage課件新人教版選擇性必修第三冊

SectionⅡLearningAboutLanguage

復(fù)習(xí)定語從句一、定語從句的分類定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句與先行詞所指的意義有不可分割的聯(lián)系,不能用逗號與先行詞隔開;非限制性定語從句起補(bǔ)充說明的作用,即使省去也不會影響主句語義的完整性。非限制性定語從句與先行詞或主句之間常用逗號隔開。二、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句【觀察思考】

?(2017·全國Ⅲ卷)ButSarah,whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.?Thegreatartistwhomyouwanttoseewillvisitourschoolnextweek.?(2019·浙江高考)Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofclothwhich/thatgivesofflightinthedark.?RecentlyIgotintouchwithmyoldfriendwhosemumhadtakencareofme.?Lookout!Don'tgettooclosetothehousewhoseroofisunderrepair.?Sheisnotthesamegirlassheusedtobetenyearsago.【探究總結(jié)】關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句語法特點(diǎn)及作用見下表:關(guān)系代詞指代對象語法作用備注who指人主語、賓語

whom指人(1)________

that指人,也指物主語、賓語只用于限制性定語從句中which(2)________

主語、賓語在非限制性定語從句中可以指代整個(gè)主句(3)________

指人,也指物定語

as指人或物,有時(shí)指代整個(gè)主句主語、賓語、表語在限制性定語從句中常用于句型“thesame/such+名詞+as...”中答案:(1)賓語(2)指物(3)whose【應(yīng)用實(shí)踐】單句語法填空。①M(fèi)yeldestson,________worktakeshimallovertheworld,isinNewYorkatthemoment.

②(2019·全國Ⅲ卷)Thedogswerewelltrainedbytheirmasters________hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.

③(2018·北京高考)Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,________helpsthemkeepfit.

④Thisisthesamebag________Ilostyesterday.

⑤Theman________youtalkedaboutjustnowisafriendofmyfather's.

⑥Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhouses________arebuiltclosetoeachother.答案:①whose②who③which④as⑤who/whom⑥which/that三、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句【觀察思考】?(2019·全國Ⅰ卷)OneafternoonwhenIwasinprimaryschool,Iwaswalkingbytheschoolplayground.?(2019·天津高考)Theirchildisatthestagewhereshecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.?Isthisthereasonwhysherefusedouroffer?【探究總結(jié)】關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句語法特點(diǎn)及作用見下表:關(guān)系副詞先行詞語法作用when表示時(shí)間的名詞時(shí)間狀語(1)________

表示地點(diǎn)的名詞,有時(shí)可以是有地點(diǎn)含義的抽象名詞,如stage,position,race,situation等地點(diǎn)狀語why只有(2)________

原因狀語答案:(1)where(2)reason【應(yīng)用實(shí)踐】單句語法填空。①LastweekIvisitedthetown________Shakespearewasborn.

②Theyear________theTangshanearthquakehappenedwas1976.

③Thereisnoreason________hewaslateforschool.

④Salesdirectorisaposition________communicationabilityisjustasimportantassalesskills.

答案:①where②when③why④where四、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞which/whom”引導(dǎo)的定語從句【觀察思考】?(2018·全國Ⅰ卷)Theyalsohadasmallpond,inwhichtheyraisedfish.?ThemantowhomyouspokeismyEnglishteacher.?Herearethequestions,someofwhicharedifficultforyou.?Theoldcouplehastwodaughters,theyoungerofwhomhasgoneabroad.【探究總結(jié)】(1)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句中,如果先行詞指物,該結(jié)構(gòu)中的關(guān)系代詞使用________;如果指人,那么關(guān)系代詞使用________。介詞的選擇需要遵循兩個(gè)原則:

①依據(jù)定語從句中動詞或形容詞的搭配習(xí)慣而定。②依據(jù)與先行詞的搭配的具體意義而定。(2)“名詞/代詞等+介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句常見結(jié)構(gòu)為:both/neither/all/some/afew/many/the+形容詞的比較級/最高級+of+which/whom。答案:(1)whichwhom句型轉(zhuǎn)換。①ThefarmwhereIonceworkedimpressedmedeeply.→Thefarm________________Ionceworkedimpressedmedeeply.

②Guncontrolisasubject.Americanshavearguedaboutitforalongtime.→Guncontrolisasubject________________Americanshavearguedforalongtime.

③IwanttothankTom.Icouldn'tfinishthetaskwithouthim.→IwanttothankTom,________________Icouldn'tfinishthetask.

④Thenewcafé,whosewallsarepaintedgreen,isapeacefulplaceforme.→Thenewcafé,________________________________arepaintedgreen,isapeacefulplaceforme.答案:①onwhich②aboutwhich③withoutwhom④thewallsofwhich五、限制性定語從句中只能用that不能用which的幾種情況【觀察思考】?Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomethingthatwassomeoneelse'sfault.?(2017·北京高考)Thelittleproblemsthatwemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.?ThefirstbookthatIboughtisabouthowtostudyEnglishwell.?Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout??Whichisthebikethatyoulost?【探究總結(jié)】在限制性定語從句缺主語或賓語的前提下只能用that不能用which的情況:(1)當(dāng)先行詞是________如all、little、few、much、something、anything、nothing、everything、some、none等時(shí);

(2)當(dāng)先行詞被all、every、no、some、any、little、much、theonly、thevery/right等修飾時(shí);(3)當(dāng)先行詞有________或形容詞的最高級修飾時(shí);

(4)當(dāng)先行詞既有人也有物時(shí);(5)當(dāng)主句是以________、who、what開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)。答案:(1)不定代詞(3)序數(shù)詞(5)which【應(yīng)用實(shí)踐】根據(jù)漢語句意完成英語句子。①有什么可以為你做的嗎?Isthereanything________________________________foryou?

②這正是我想要的那本書。Thisistheverybook________________________.

③這是我看過的最感人的電影。Thisis________________________film________Ihaveeverseen.

④你剛才提到的那位作家和他的小說很有名。Thewriterandhisnovel