現(xiàn)代大學(xué)英語精讀6 課后題答案及現(xiàn)代大學(xué)英語精讀6課后習題答案

Lesson1Animbalancebetweentherichandpooristheoldestandmostfatalailmentofrepublics.貧富不均乃共和政體最致命疾.2.Theirpovertyisatemporarymisfortune,iftheyarepoorandmeek,theyeventuallywillinherittheearth.他們的貧窮只是一種暫時性的不幸，如果他們貧窮但卻溫順，他們最終將成為世界的主人.CouplesinloveshouldrepairtoRHMacy’snottheirbedrooms.熱戀的夫婦應(yīng)該在梅西百貨商店過夜,而不是他們的新房.TheAmericanbeautyrosecanbeproducedinthesplendorandfragrancewhichbringcheertoitsbeholderonlybysacrificingtheearlybudswhichgrowuparoundit.Andsoisineconomiclife.It’smerelytheworkingoutofalawofthenatureandalawofGod.美國這朵玫瑰花以其華貴與芳香讓觀眾傾倒，贊不絕口，而她之所以能被培植就是因為在早期其周圍的花蕾被插掉了，在經(jīng)濟生活中情況亦是如此。這是自然規(guī)律和上帝的意志在起作用.(Ithasbecome)aneconomicallynotunrewardingenterprise.（它已成為）經(jīng)濟上收入不菲的行業(yè).6.Thereis...noformofoppressionthatisquietsogreat,noconstrictiononthoughtandeffortquietsocomprehensive,asthatwhichcomefromhavingnomoneyatall.沒有哪種壓迫比身無分文更厲害，也沒有哪種對思想和行為的束縛比一無所有來得更全面徹底Freedomwerightlycherish.Cherishingit,weshouldnotuseitasacoverfordenyingfreedomtothoseinneed.我們珍惜自由式對的。正因為珍惜自由，我們就不能以此為借口，不給最需要自由的人自由.8.WhethertheybeinErhiopa,thesouthBronx,oreveninsuchanElysiumasLosAngeles,weresolvetokeepthemoffourminds.不管他們生活在埃塞俄比亞，還是在紐約的南部布朗克斯區(qū)，甚至是洛杉磯這樣的天堂，人們都決心不去為這些人操心.9....heisenjoying,asindicated,unparalleledpopularityinhighWashingtoncircles.如上述所說，他在華盛頓高層當中有無比的威望.Compassio,alongwiththeassociationpubliceffortistheleastcomfortable,theleastconvenientcourseofbehaviorandactioninourtime.同情心，加上與之相關(guān)的社會努力是人們這個年代，最令人不快的行為何行動方針.Lesson21.Itwasanidylliclife,andwelivedclosetoourfamilyandtothecomfortsandsafetyasmalltowncouldafford.這是一種田園式的生活,我們和親戚們住得很近,享受著小鎮(zhèn)生活所能給予我們的舒適和安全.Butpapawasamanofenterprise,herealizedthattheuntouchedTenThousandIslandsoffthesouthwestcoastofthesatewererichinsoilforcropsandingameforfood.但父親是一個很有進取心人,他知道佛羅里達州西南海岸的萬島群島還沒有被開發(fā),那兒土壤肥沃,適于耕種,而且獵物充足,不必擔心食物來源.3.Thisthirddayout,andthedaystocome,foundusintheunsettledwildsofFlorida.出發(fā)的第三天以及以后的日子里,我們都在佛羅里達無人居住的荒野中穿行.Itsunderwatergrasseslookedlikegreenribbons,constantlyunrolling,andthetreesheldthickspraysofwildorchids.水下的水草就像綠色的絲帶,不斷地伸展開來,野蘭花一簇簇地掛滿了枝頭.5.Theburlyarmsofoakswerehugewithfernsandbloomingbromeliads.Redbirds,tanagersandpaintedbuntingsflewbackandforthacrossthetrail,leavingachildwiththeimpressionthatthewoodsweretossingwithjewels...喬葉櫟粗壯的枝桿上覆蓋著蕨類植物,附生的鳳梨科植物也在盛開.紅雀,唐納雀和色彩斑斕的鳥沿著小路飛來飛去,讓一個小孩子覺得好像是寶石在樹林中跳動.Thenativewhitesfearedhimasyouwouldarattlesnake,buttheIndiansandblackpeopleweresusceptibletohismanipulations.本地的白人像懼怕響尾蛇一樣怕他,而印第安人和黑人則不得不受他的控制和剝削.Ournewhomewasmorethansafe;itwasajoy!我們的新家不僅安全牢固,它還給我們帶來了無盡的樂趣.TodayIcanseeinmygrandsonsandgreat-grandsonssomeofthosequalitiesofcourageandcaringthatmyfatherhadinsuchabundance.今天,在我的子孫身上,我仍然能看到我父親所擁有的無盡的勇氣和愛心.Lesson31.Wehavebeentamperingwiththispowerfulforce,unaware,liketheSorcerer’sApprentice,ofthepotentiallydisastrousconsequencesofouractions.我們一直在濫用職權(quán)這股強大的力量,就像傳說中魔術(shù)師的徒弟一樣,我們并沒有意識到我們的這種行為很可能會導(dǎo)致災(zāi)難性的后果.2.Eveniftheglobalwarmingcatastrophenevermaterializes,andtheozoneholeremainsanesoteric,polarphenomenon,alreadyhumanactivityhasprofoundlyalteredglobalconditionsinwaysthatmaynotregisteronthecamera.即使全球變暖這種災(zāi)難永不發(fā)生,即使臭氧空洞仍然只是一種深奧的極地現(xiàn)象,人類活動也已極大地改變了全球條件,這些也許是照相機拍不出來的.Thetechnosphere,incontrast,isdominatedbylinearprocesses.與生態(tài)圈相反,技術(shù)圈是由線性流程所決定的.4.Theenergysourcesthatnowpowerthetechnospherearemostlyfossilfuels,storesthat,oncedepleted,willneverberenewed.現(xiàn)在技術(shù)圈運作的能源主要是礦物燃料,一旦用完,永不再生.5.Nylon...isnotbiodegradable—thatis,thereisnoenzymeinanyknowlivingorganismthatcanbreakitdown.尼龍不能進行生物分解—也就是說,在現(xiàn)存的有機物中還沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)有哪種沒酶可以分解尼龍.6....livingthingshavecreatedalimitedbutself-consistentarrayofsubstancesandreactionsthatareessentialtolife.…有生命的東西創(chuàng)造了一系列對生命至關(guān)重要的有限但獨立的物質(zhì)和反應(yīng).7.Afreelunchisreallyadebt,inthetechnosphere,adebtisanacknowledgedbutunmetcost...免費午餐實際上是一種債務(wù).在技術(shù)圈,債務(wù)是指已承認但尚未歸還的欠款…whenthedebtsrepresentedbyenvironmentalpollutionarecreatedbythetechnosphereandtransferredtotheecosphere,theyarenevercanceled,damageisunavoidable.…當債務(wù)以技術(shù)圈制造的環(huán)境污染的形式出現(xiàn),然后又轉(zhuǎn)嫁到生態(tài)圈時,這種債務(wù)將永遠無法消除.造成破壞是不可避免的.Lesson4Eachofthetreesontheplacehadanattitudeandapresence--theelmlookedsereneandtheoakthreatening,themaplesfriendly,thehawthornoldandcrabby.這里的每一顆樹都表現(xiàn)出某種神態(tài)。比如,榆樹看上去寧靜安詳，橡樹則咄咄逼人，楓樹親切友好，而山楂樹則老氣橫秋，脾氣暴躁。2.Therewasakeenalarmwhenthecrycame,awirezingingthroughyourwholebody,afanaticfeelingofdevotion.當他喊我的名字時，我會緊張萬分，全身蹭地就像過了電似的，一種狂熱的忠誠感油然而生。3.Onemorning,ofcourse,thejobwasallfinished,thewellcapped,thepumpreinstated,thefreshwatermarvelledat.一天早上，工作全部完成，這是意料中的事。井口上了蓋子，水泵重新安裝好了，大家對清澈的井水贊嘆不已。Inmykitchenorinhers,onceaweekorso,distractedbyourchildrenandsometimesreelingforlackofsleep,westokedourselvesonstrongcoffeeandcigarettesandlaunchedoutarampageoftalk--aboutourmarriages,ourfights,ourpersonaldeficiencies,ourinterestinganddiscreditablemotives,ourforgoneambitions.我們大約每周都要在我的廚房或她的廚房聚會一次。孩子們總是不斷打擾我們有時我們還會因為缺覺而感到頭暈?zāi)垦?，于是我們就用大量的濃咖啡和香煙給自己提神，開始天南海北的聊大天，所談的話題無所不包：我們的婚姻，奮斗，個人的不足，既有趣又有些丟臉的動機，以及我們曾有過的理想抱負。5.Sunnyhadgivenhimfreshsheetsratherthanunmakingandmakingupagainthebedhehadleftforme.蘇妮給了他干凈的床單，免得在他留給我的床上重新疊被，鋪床。Mysleepwasshallow,mydreamsmonotonouslylustful,withirritatingandunpleasantsubplots.我睡得很淺，沒完沒了地做著充滿情欲的夢，中間還穿插著令人不快的小情節(jié)。Thebushesrightattheedgeofthegrasslookedimpenetrable,butcloseuptherewerelittleopenings,thenarrowpathsthatanimalsorpeoplelookingforgolfballshadmade.挨著草地邊上的灌木叢看上去似乎無法穿過，但走近了可以看到一些小缺口和窄窄的小徑，這是給動物或者找高爾夫球的人們踩出來的。Itlookedasifalargeportionoftheskyhaddetacheditselfandwasbearingdown,bustlingandresolute,takinganotquiterecognizablebutanimateshape.看上去，天空的一大部分似乎脫離了主體，喧鬧著、果斷地壓向地面，那形狀雖然說不出具體像什么，但像是一種活物的樣子。9.Thiswasmoreofaritual,arecognitionofsurvivalratherthanofourbodies'inclinations.我們擁抱并不是出魚身體的渴望，而是慶祝劫后余生的一種表示。Lesson5TheAmericanexperiencewasuniqueinanumberofways.美國的經(jīng)驗在許多方面都是獨特的。Thecountrywasblessedbynotableadvantages—aboveall,bythethefactthatpopulationwasscareinrelationtoavailableresources.這個國家有著得天獨厚的優(yōu)勢-主要是人口相對稀少而資源十分豐富。3.Itaroseoriginallyfromaphilosophicalratherthananeconomiccommitment...它源于對思想原則的信仰，而不是出于對經(jīng)濟利益的追求…Wehavefoundnobetterwaythandemocracytofulfillman’stalentsandreleasehisenergies.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)民主是使人的才智得到充分施展、人的能量得以充分發(fā)揮的最好方式。5.Wehavefoundnobetterwaythandemocracytofulfillman'stalentsandreleasehisenergies...在意識形態(tài)體系與經(jīng)驗主義斗爭的歷史上，意識形態(tài)體系曾吸引了人類歷史上一些聰明絕頂?shù)娜宋铩?Initsfinesthours,theUShas,sotospeak,risenaboveideology.在她處于最佳時期時.美國可以說超越了所有的意識形態(tài)體系。...hatgovernmentwasbestwhichgovernedleast...…政府管得越少越好….8.Indeed,thewholeideologicalenterprisecontradictedJefferson’stemper,whichwasbasicallyflexibleandexperimental.說實在的，杰斐遜一生在意識形態(tài)體系上所做的努力與他的性格是矛盾的。他的性格特征基本上是靈活的、從經(jīng)驗出發(fā)的。9.Indeed,Iwouldsuggestthatwemightwellbanishsomeoverloadedwordsfromintellectualdiscourse...(Thesewords)aresourcesofheat,notoflight.我甚至建議在思想界和學(xué)術(shù)界討論中摒棄某些用濫了的詞語?！@些詞語只能是頭腦發(fā)熱，而不會給人以智慧的光芒。Freemenknowmanytruths,buttheydoubtwhetheranymortalmanknowstheTruth.自由人掌握許多具體的真理，但他們認為沒有一個凡人能夠掌握絕對真理。Lesson61.Hestoodhisground,suckingslightlyattheresidueofoil;afewdropsleakedoutofhislipswhilehiswickedeyes,shadedbytheircoylittlelashes,turnedonmeindisgustandhatred.他站在那兒，輕輕地吸吮著剩下的油，有幾滴從嘴唇邊漏了出來。他看著我，害羞得短睫毛下那原本淘氣的眼睛里充滿了厭惡和憎恨。2.Wehadbeenhavinganunseasonablespellofweather-hot,closedays,withthefogshuttingineverynight,scalingforafewhoursinmidday,thencreepingbackagainatdark,driftinginfirstoverthetreesonthepoint,thensuddenlyblowingacrossthefields,blottingouttheworldandtakingpossessionofhouses,men,andanimals.我們正經(jīng)歷一段非常反常的天氣，悶熱且霧氣沉沉。濃霧每晚籠罩著村莊。中午的幾個小時霧會漸漸散去，但傍晚時又悄悄地潛回，先是覆蓋樹梢，接著一下子飄過田地，擋住了外面的世界，將整個村莊的房屋、人和動物都裹在其中。3.Withverysmall,timidpigs,weanlings,thisruseisoftenquitesuccessfulandwillencouragethemtoeat;butwithalarge,sickpigtheruseissenselessandthesoundImademusthavemadehimfeel,ifanything,moremiserable.對于羞澀的、剛斷奶的小豬，這一招常常很有效，能誘使他們吃東西；但對于一頭生病的大豬，這個做法卻絲毫沒有意義，我發(fā)出的聲音肯定只會讓他覺得更難受。4.Fromthelustinessofahealthypigamanderivesafeelingofpersonallustiness;thestuffthatgoesintothetroughandisreceivedwithsuchenthusiasmisanearnestofsomelaterfeastofhisown,andwhenthissuddenlycomestoanendandthefoodliesstaleanduntouched,souringinthesun,thepig'simbalancebecomestheman's,vicariously,andlifeseemsinsecure,displaced,transitory.看到一頭健康的豬精力充沛，人們常常感到自己也是精力充沛?？吹剿峭袒⒀实爻缘羰巢壑械氖澄铮藗兙拖袷穷A(yù)訂了今后的大餐。而當這一切突然結(jié)束，槽中的食物絲毫未動，任其在陽光下發(fā)餿時，豬的不適也就讓人覺得自己也不舒服，生活變得失去了安全感、失去了平衡、變得轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝。5.Thepig'slotandminewereinextricablyboundnow,asthoughtherubbertubewerethesilvercord.FromthenuntilthetimeofhisdeathIheldthepigsteadilyinthebowlofmymind;thetaskoftryingtodeliverhimfromhismiserybecameastrongobsession.Hissufferingsoonbecametheembodimentofallearthlywretchedness.現(xiàn)在這頭豬的命運和我的命運緊緊地聯(lián)系在一起，似乎沖洗直腸的橡皮管就是連接我們情感的紐帶。從他生病到死去，我無時無刻不想著他。如何想辦法使他脫離苦海成了我心里想的唯一的事情。他的苦難很快就變成世間所有悲慘經(jīng)歷的寫照。，6.TheawakeninghadbeenviolentandImindeditallthemorebecauseIknewthatwhatcouldbetrueofmypigcouldbetruealsooftherestofmytidyworld.1triedtoputthisdistastefulideafromme,butitkeptrecurring.這種醒悟來得太過突然，使我深感不安，因為我知道世事難料，在豬身上發(fā)生的事情同樣也有可能在我身邊其他看似平靜之處發(fā)生。我想忘記這個令人不快的想法，但他總是不停地出現(xiàn)。7.allofusworkingindarknessandincomfort,workingwiththeinstinctiveteamworkinducedbyemergencyconditions,thepigunprotesting,thehouseshadowy,protecting,intimate.我們大家憑著緊急情況下產(chǎn)生的本能的合作精神，在黑暗中默契地配合。豬并沒有反抗，屋子籠罩在黑暗中，給人一種安全感和親切感。8.Everythingaboutthislastsceneseemedoverwritten-thedismalsky,theshabbywoods,theimminenceofrain,theworm(legendarybedfellowofthedead),theapple(conventionalgarnishofapig).關(guān)于這最后一畝的描寫顯得有點冗長—陰沉的天空、雜亂的樹叢、即將來臨的降雨，以及傳說中與尸體作伴的蚯蚓和烤豬時常用作點綴的蘋果。Lesson71.Weobservetodaynotavictoryofpartybutacelebrationoffreedom—symbolizinganendaswellasbeginning—signifyingrenewalaswellaschange.我們今天慶祝的不是黨派的勝利,而是自由的選擇—象征著一個時代的結(jié)束和另一個時代的開始—意味著延續(xù)與變化。United,thereislittlewecan’tdoinahostofcooperativeventures.Divided,thereislittlewecando—forwedarenotmeetapowerfulchallengeatoddsandsplitasunder.如果我們團結(jié)一致，我們在一系列共同從事的事業(yè)中就可以無往而不勝。如果我們四分五裂，我們就會一事無成—因為在意見分歧，四分五裂的情況下，我們不敢迎接強有力的挑戰(zhàn)。3.…oneformofcolonialcontrolshallnothavepassedawaymerelytobereplacedbyafarmoreirontyranny.….一種殖民控制形式的消失，不應(yīng)為另一種更為殘酷的暴政所取代。4.…andtorememberthat,inthepast,thosewhofoolishlysoughtpowerbyridingthebackofthetigerandendedupinside.….要記住，在過去，那些愚蠢地想靠與虎謀皮而得勢的最終都為虎所食?！瓀erenewourpledgeofsupport—topreventitfrombecomingmerelyaforumforinvective—tostrengthitsshieldofthenewandtheweak—andtoenlargetheareainwhichitswritmayrun.…我們重申我們的支持—不讓其變成一個相互指責的論壇—加強其對新生國家和弱小國家的保護—擴大其主導(dǎo)作用的領(lǐng)域。6.Foronlywhenourarmsaresufficientbeyonddoubtcanwebecertainbeyonddoubtthattheywillneverbeemployed.只有當我們的軍力強大無比時，我們才有把握永不使用武力。Letusnevernegotiateoutoffear.Butletusneverfeartonegotiate.我們永遠不會由于恐懼而去談判，但我們永不畏懼談判。8.Andifabeachedofcooperationmaypushbackthejunglesofsuspicion…如果小小的一點合作能驅(qū)散深深的猜疑…9.Inyourhands,myfellowcitizens,morethanmine,willrestthefinalsuccessorfailureofourcourse.同胞們，我們事業(yè)最終的失敗不是掌握在我手中，而是掌握在你們手中。10.Asknotwhatyourcountrycandoforyou—askwhatyoucandoforyourcountry.不要問你的國家能為你做什么，要自問你能為你的國家作何貢獻。Lesson8WhenMissEmilyGriersondied,ourwholetownwenttoherfuneral:thementhroughasortofrespectfulaffectionforafallenmonument,thewomenmostlyoutofcuriositytoseetheinsideofherhouse,whichnoonesaveanoldmanservant–acombinedgardenerandcook–hadseeninatleasttenyears.艾米麗·格里爾森小姐過世了，我們?nèi)?zhèn)人都去參加她的葬禮。男人們?nèi)ナ浅鲇谝环N尊敬，因為一座紀念碑倒下了；女人們則大多是出于好奇，想看看她房子里面到底是什么樣的。因為除了一位兼任花匠和廚師的老男仆之外，至少有十年沒人進去看過了。AndnowMissEmilyhadgonetojointherepresentativesofthoseaugustnameswheretheylayinthecedar-bemusedcemeteryamongtherankedandanonymousgravesofUnionandconfederatesoldierswhofellatthebattleofJefferson.現(xiàn)在艾米麗小姐也加入到那些名門望族代表的行列之中了。他們在令人沉思的雪松的陪伴下長眠于公墓，他們的墓碑周圍埋葬著一排排南北戰(zhàn)爭中在杰斐遜戰(zhàn)場上陣亡的南軍和北軍的無名戰(zhàn)士。Alive,MissEmilyhadbeenatradition,aduty,andacare;asortofhereditaryobligationuponthetown.艾米麗小姐在世時，一直是傳統(tǒng)的化身，履行職責和給予關(guān)照的對象，這是全鎮(zhèn)人沿襲下來的一種義務(wù)。TheywereadmittedbytheoldNegrointoadimhallfromwhichastairwaymountedintostillmoreshadow.老黑鬼把他們引進光線黯淡的門廳，廳里的樓梯通向更加陰暗的樓上。Andwhentheysatdown,afaintdustrosesluggishlyabouttheirthighs,spinningwithslowmotesinthesinglesunray.當他們坐下時，一股細細的灰塵在他們大腿周圍慢慢揚起，塵粒在孤獨的太陽光束中緩緩地旋轉(zhuǎn)著。Herskeletonwassmallandspare;perhapsthatwaswhywhatwouldhavebeenmerelyplumpnessinanotherwasobesityinher.她的骨架小而瘦，也許這就是為什么別人穿起來只是顯得豐滿的服裝在她身上卻顯得肥胖。Sothenextnight,aftermidnight,fourmencrossedMissEmily’slawnandslunkaboutthehouselikeburglars,sniffingalongthebaseofthebrickworkandatthecellaropeningswhileoneofthemperformedaregularsowingmotionwithhishandoutofasackslungfromhisshoulder.于是，第二天午夜之后，四個男人穿過艾米麗家的草坪，如同竊賊般在她屋子里潛行，沿著房子磚基部分以及地窖的通風處使勁地嗅著。其中一個人不時地將手從背在肩上的麻袋里掏出，做出一個播種的動作。Theyhadnotevenbeenrepresentedatthefuneral.他們甚至沒有派代表出席葬禮。MissEmilyjuststaredathim,herheadtiltedbackinordertolookhimeyeforeye,untilhelookedawayandwentandgotthearsenicandwrappeditup.艾米麗小姐只是盯著她，他的頭向后仰，以便能與他對視，直到他移開視線轉(zhuǎn)而去取砒霜并打包。Nowandthenwewouldseeherinoneofthedownstairswindows–shehadevidentlyshutupthetopfloorofthehouse–likethecarventorsoofanidolinaniche,lookingornotlookingatus,wecouldnevertellwhich.有時我們在樓下的一個窗口可以看到她，顯然她已封閉了頂樓，她的身影就像供奉在壁龕里的一尊雕刻成的神像軀體，我們永遠分辨不出她是否在看著我們。Lesson9Theyhaveputinthewindowthecardboardsignthathasapoundmeasureprintedoneachofthreeedges–10lbs.,25lbs.,50lbs.–andNoIceonthefourth.他們在窗上掛了一塊硬紙板做的牌子，上面的三邊分別寫著10磅、25磅、50磅，第四邊寫著“不加冰”。Theygotoland-grantcolleges,normalschools,andlearnhowtodothewhiteman’sworkwithrefinement:homeeconomicstopreparehisfood;teachereducationtoinstructblackchildreninobedience;musictosoothethewearymasterandentertainhisbluntedsoul.她們就讀于政府撥款的大學(xué)以及師范學(xué)院。她們學(xué)習如何把服務(wù)白人丈夫的工作做得更細致：學(xué)家政是為了給他們燒菜做飯；當老師是為了教育黑人孩子順從；學(xué)音樂是為了撫慰疲憊的主人以及娛樂他那麻木的靈魂。3Asidelonglookwillbeenoughtotellhimtosmokeonthebackporch.一個斜視便足以告訴他抽煙應(yīng)該到房后的走廊那邊。Athergentlesttouchhewillpreen,stretch,andopenhismouth.在她最溫柔的撫摸下，他舔著毛、伸著懶腰、張開嘴巴。Juniorconsideredtheplaygroundhisown,andtheschoolchildrencovetedhisfreedomtosleeplate,gohomeforlunch,anddominatetheplaygroundafterschool.朱尼爾把操場當做是自己的，小學(xué)生們都羨慕他有這么多的自由，可以睡懶覺，可以回家吃午飯，放學(xué)后還可以統(tǒng)治整個操場。MorethananythingintheworldhewantedtoplayKingoftheMountainandhavethempushhimdownthemoundofdirtandrolloverhim.比起這個世界上的任何東西，他最想玩“山丘之王”的游戲，被他們推下土山坡，讓他們在他身上滾過去。ShewasdeepinadmirationoftheflowerswhenJuniorsaid,“Here!”當朱尼爾說“給你”的時候，她正深深地欣賞著那些花兒。Pecola’sbangingonthedoorincreasedhisgasping,high-pitchedlaughter.佩克拉拼命拍門讓他笑得更厲害了。他尖聲笑著，幾乎喘不過氣。Butshecouldnotholditlowenoughtoavoidseeingthesnowflakesfallinganddyingonthepavement.但是就算她把頭垂得再低，也不足以避免看到雪花紛紛飄落到人行道上并立刻消融。Lesson10Butitisonthemiddleclassesthattheeyeofthecriticrests–justasitrestsonthepoorinRussiaandonthearistocracyinJapan.但是，最吸引評論者關(guān)注的是中產(chǎn)階級，正如在俄國人們關(guān)注的是窮人，在日本人們關(guān)注貴族一樣。Howperfectlyitexpressestheircharacter–farbetter,forinstance,thandoestheuniversity,intowhichsocialandspiritualcomplexitieshavealreadyentered.它比例如帶有社會與精神的復(fù)雜性的大學(xué)更充分的表現(xiàn)了他們的特性。參考資料翻譯：英國公學(xué)制度比大學(xué)更充分地表現(xiàn)了英國中產(chǎn)階級的特性。社會與精神的復(fù)雜性已經(jīng)進入大學(xué)。Inallthesecareershiseducation,ortheabsenceofit,influenceshim.在上述事業(yè)中，他所受的教育，或者說沒有受到的教育，深深地影響著他。Theyrememberwithregretthatgoldentimewhenlife,thoughhard,wasnotyetcomplex;whentheyallworkedtogetherandplayedtogetherandthoughttogether,sofarastheythoughtatall:whentheyweretaughtthatschoolistheworldinminiatureandbelievedthatnoonecanlovehiscountrywhodoesnotlovehisschool.他們心懷遺憾地懷念那段金色時光。那時生活雖然艱苦，但還不算復(fù)雜。他們同學(xué)習、同游戲、同思考，如果說他們思考的話。他們受到的教育告訴他們，學(xué)校是個微型世界，他們相信，一個人如果不愛自己的學(xué)校，那他就不可能愛自己的國家。5.Theygoforthintoitwithwell-developedbodies,fairlydevelopedminds,andundevelopedhearts.他們進入社會時，體魄健全，大腦發(fā)育還算可以，但是心的發(fā)育則不健全。6.Hecouldnotexpresshissorrowtoomuch.ButinmetheEnglishmancameoutstrong.他過度地表達出自己的悲傷，但是在我身上則變現(xiàn)出強烈的英國人特性。Shelley,atallevents,believesthatthewealthofthespiritisendless;thatwemayexpressitcopiously,passionately,andalways;andthatwecanneverfeelsorroworjoytoacutely.無論怎樣，雪萊相信精神的財富是無窮無盡的。他相信我們可以大量地、充滿激情地、經(jīng)常地表達我們的情感；我們永遠都不能覺得悲傷或者歡樂過于劇烈。TheFrenchmenrespondedatonce;theEnglishmenrespondedintime.法國人立即做出反應(yīng)，而英國人則需過一段時間才做出反應(yīng)。Itactspromptlyandfeelsslowly.Suchacombinationisfruitful,andanyonewhopossessesithasgonealongwaytowardbeingbrave.它行動迅速，感覺卻遲緩。這二者的結(jié)合富有成效，具備這一結(jié)合的人多半都很勇敢。Butshehasamercilesseyeforquestionsofconduct,andtheclassicalexampleoftwoEnglishpeoplemuddlingthemselvesbeforetheyembarkuponawrongcourseofactionistobefoundintheopeningchaptersofSenseandSensibility.但是在觀察行為問題時，她的目光冷酷無情。她的小說《理智與情感》開頭前幾章提供了一個經(jīng)典的例子——兩個英國人在開始一項錯誤的做法之前是如何先犯糊涂的。FromvillainiessuchasthesetheaverageEnglishmanisfree.Hischaracter,whichpreventshisrisingtocertainheights,alsopreventshimfromsinkingtothesedepths.普通的英國人沒有這樣的惡行。他的性格會阻礙他上升到一定的高度，同時也防止他墮落到這樣的深度。Thenationsmustunderstandoneanother,andquickly;andwithouttheinterpositionoftheirgovernments,fortheshrinkageoftheglobeisthrowingthemintooneanother’sarms.各民族必須互相了解，而且要快，不要政府的插手和干預(yù)，因為世界在縮小，正把他們拋向?qū)Ψ降膽阎小⒖假Y料翻譯：……，因為世界在縮小，這使得他們不可避免地要進行接觸。Lesson11IfwetracetheuniversebacktoitsoriginsintheBigBang,wefindthemultiplicityofthingsfusingintogreaterandgreatersimplicity,untilatthemomentofcreationitselfthereisonlypureundifferentiatedenergy.如果我們追溯宇宙的起源到原始大爆炸，我們就會發(fā)現(xiàn)眾多的事物逐漸合并成越來越簡單的事物，直到創(chuàng)世的那一刻時，就只剩下純粹而無區(qū)別的能量了。Ialsobelievethisprimalenergycontinuestofeedus,directlythroughthegoodsofcreation,andindirectlythroughtheexperienceofbeauty.我還認為這種原始能源繼續(xù)在給我們提供能量，直接地是通過世間萬物，間接地是通過美的感受。Istudyimagesofquasarsgivingbirthtogalaxies,galaxieswhirlingintheshapesofpinwheels,supernovasringedbystrandsofluminousdebris,andallthewhileIamdelvingbacktowardthatutterbeginningwhenyouandIandmydaughterandhernewhusbandandthebrightheavenlyhostwerejoinedintheoriginalburstoflight.我研究類星體產(chǎn)生星系的圖像，這些星系如同玩具風車一樣旋轉(zhuǎn)，超新星被一縷縷發(fā)光的星體殘骸所包圍。我不斷地探索宇宙的開端，追溯到你、我、我的女兒、她的新婚丈夫以及天空中閃閃發(fā)光的星星匯合成原始大耀光。Thestimulusmightbethesheenofmoonlightontheneedlesofawhitepine,ortheiridescentglimmeronadragonfly’stail.ItmightbebirdsongorBachsonataorthepurlofwateroverstone.Itmightbealineofpoetry,thesavorofbread,theswayofaboughorabow.Theprovocationmightbeasgrandasamountainsunriseorashumbleasanicicle’sjeweledtip,yetineachcaseafamiliarsurgeofgratitudeandwonderwellsupinme.這一刺激也許來自傾瀉在白松松針上的月光，或是蜻蜓尾部彩虹色的微光。它可能來自小鳥的歌唱、巴赫的奏鳴曲或流水淌過石頭的潺潺聲。它可能來自一行詩、面包的香味、樹枝或琴弓的搖擺。它可能如同高山日出般雄偉壯觀，或如冰柱晶瑩的柱尖般謙卑，但不管是何種起因，每次我內(nèi)心都會涌起同樣的感激和驚嘆。Domysensorythrillstellmeanythingabouttheworld?Doesbeautyrevealakinshipbetweenmysmallselfandthegreatcosmos,ordoesmydesireformeaningonlyfoolmeintothinkingso?感官的激情是否讓我對世界有所了解呢？是美揭示了小自我與大世界之間的緊密關(guān)系還是我對事物內(nèi)涵的追求讓我愚蠢地這樣認為呢？Mustn’tbeautybeshallowifitcanbepaintedon?Mustn’tbeautybeadelusionifitcanblinkoffandonlikeaflickeringbulb?如果美可以被描繪，就一定不會是膚淺的嗎？如果它能夠像閃爍的燈泡般斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地閃光，就一定不會是一種錯覺嗎？Ifwetakearidethroughthesuburbsandstudytherollingacresoflawndottedwithclumpsoftreesandoccasionalponds,whatdoweseebutafaithfulsimulationoftheAfricansavannawherehumansfirstlived.如果我們坐車穿越郊區(qū)，觀察一下占地好幾英畝的起伏的草坪，點綴其間的樹叢及偶爾出現(xiàn)的池塘，我們所看到的不就是人類最早居住的非洲熱帶大草原的忠實翻版嗎？Justso,Ibelieve,theexperienceofbeautyisanechooftheorderandpowerthatpermeatetheuniverse.因此，我相信對美的感受是彌漫于宇宙中的秩序與能量的共鳴。Lesson12AsGreekfoodgoes,Iwaslucky.就希臘菜肴而言，我是幸運的。IfyoudonotdrinkouzoasanaperitifinaGreekprovincialtown,yougowithout.如果在希臘一個地方城市你不把茴香烈酒當做開胃酒喝的話，你就沒到過那里。參考資料翻譯：……，那你就只好不喝。Wheretherewasonceanarrowpass,thereisnoroomforroadandrail,andfieldsthatlaproundthecorner.起初這里只是一條狹窄的通道，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)寬到可以通公路和鐵路了，農(nóng)田一直延伸到山的拐角處。Whenthatassemblyofnationsheaveditselfofftheearthandmarched,thegroundshudderedliketheheadofadrum.當來自各國的軍隊起步行進時，大地顫抖，聲如擂鼓。ItissaidthatXerxesleapedfromhisthronethreetimesinterrorforhiswholearmy.據(jù)說薛西斯由于擔心軍心不穩(wěn)，三次從皇帝寶座上跳了起來。6.Atanymoment,rumorcouldhavesentthosesavageleviesscramblingawayintothemountains.謠言隨時都可能讓這些強征來的野蠻人組成的軍隊爭先跑進山里面。參考資料翻譯：……作鳥獸散，匆忙逃進周圍的高山。7.Obscurely,andinpart,IunderstoodwhatithadmeanttoLeonidaswhenhelookedupatthesecliffsinthedawnlightandsawthattheirfledgingofpineswasnotthickenoughtohidetheglitterofarms.朦朧地，我在某種程度上懂得了當利奧尼達斯在拂曉的晨光中抬頭看著那些懸崖峭壁，看到松針不夠茂密得足以將兵器的鋒芒掩蓋之時，對他來說意味著什么。IftherestofGreecebeyondthewalldidnotuniteandmakeitsstand,thegamewasup.如果在墻的那一邊的希臘余部不能聯(lián)合起來抵抗，那么一切都完了。Itisfamousforitsreticenceandsimplicity–hasbeentranslatedahundredtimesbutcanonlybeparaphrased.它以其含蓄與簡潔著稱——雖已被譯過上百次，但也只能是意譯而已。Unit11.Byrightaction,wemeanitmusthelppromotepersonalinterest.2.Thepovertyofthepoorwascausedbytheirhavingtoomanychildren.3.Therichwerenottoblamefortheexistenceofpovertysotheyshouldnotbeaskedtoundertakethetaskofsolvingtheproblem.4.Itisonlytheresultoreffectofthelawofthesurvivalofthefittestappliedtonatureortohumansociety.5.PeoplebegantorejectSocialDarwinismbecauseitseemedtoglorifybrutalforceandopposetreasuredvaluesofsympathy,loveandfriendship.Therefore,whenitwasmentioned,itwasusuallythetargetofcriticism.6.Thedesiretofindawaytojustifytheunconcernforthepoorhadnotbeenabandoned;ithadonlybeenputoff.7.Governmentofficials,onthewhole,aregood;itisveryrarethatsomewouldpayhighpricesforofficeequipmenttogetkickbacks.8.Itisaverypopularstoryandhasbeenacceptedbymanybutitisnottrue.9.Beliefcanbeusefulinthesearchfortruth,butmoreoftenthannotitisacceptedbecauseitisconvenientandself-serving.10.GeorgeGilderadvancestheviewthatonlywhenthepoorsufferfromgreatmiserywilltheybestimulatedtomakegreateffortstochangethesituation,inotherwords,sufferingisnecessarytoforcethepoortoworkhard.1.貧富不均乃共和政體最致命的宿疾。2.他們的貧窮只是一種暫時性的不幸，如果他們貧窮但卻溫順，他們最終將成為世界的主人。3.熱戀的夫婦應(yīng)該在梅西百貨商店過夜，而不是他們的新房。4.美國這朵玫瑰花以其華貴與芳香讓觀眾傾倒，贊不絕口，而她之所以能被培植就是因為在早期其周圍的花蕾被插掉了，在經(jīng)濟生活中情況亦是如此。這是自然規(guī)律和上帝的意志在起作用。5.（它已成為）經(jīng)濟上收入不菲的行業(yè)。6.沒有哪種壓迫比身無分文更厲害，也沒有哪種對思想和行為的束縛比一無所有來得更全面徹底。7.我們珍惜自由式對的。正因為珍惜自由，我們就不能以此為借口，不給最需要自由的人自由。8.不管他們生活在埃塞俄比亞，還是在紐約的南部布朗克斯區(qū)，甚至是洛杉磯這樣的天堂，人們都決心不去為這些人操心。9.如上述所說，他在華盛頓高層當中有無比的威望。10.同情心，加上與之相關(guān)的社會努力是人們這個年代，最令人不快的行為和行動方針。Unit31.Whatpeopledomayunintentionallycausedroughts,floods,andneatwaves.2.TheEarthweseeinphotos,posters,andads,whichappearssobeautiful,isnotthetruereflectionoftheworldwelivein,suchimagelullsusintocomplacency.3.Humanactivitieshavetakenplaceoversuchlargeareasandwithsuchintensitythattheyhavealreadycauseddisastrouseffectsonecology.4.Thefishcouldplayitsrolebecauseitbecameanecessarylinkwiththeprocessesprecedingitandtheprocessesfollowingitintheecologicalsystem.5.Whencarsareproducedtoservesuchnarrowpurposes,itisnotsurprisingthatsomeoftheircharacteristicqualitiesareharmfultotheenvironment.6.Thefarmerappliedmoreandmorefertilizer,andtheproductiondidrisebutdidnotincreaseatthesamerateofthefertilizer.7.Peopleeatplantsandanimals,andtheirwasteisflushedintothesewersystem.Afterbeingprocessed,thewasteisstillwaste.theresiduewillgointorivers,oceans,andwillhaveharmfuleffectontheaquaticecosystem.8.Iftheecosystemsarenotupsetbyoutsideintrusion,theywillremainthesamewithverylittlechange.9.Thecharacteristicsoftheobjectsandmaterialsinthetechnospherearerapidchangeandgreatvariety.10.Ifwetakesideinthewarofthetwowords,wearedoingsoattheriskoffailingtohaveaclearunderstandingofthenatureandcauseofthewar,thus,welosethechancetoreallysolvethegraveenvironmentalcrisis.1.我們一直在濫用這股強大的力量，就像傳說中的魔術(shù)師的師弟一樣，并沒有意識到我們的這種行為很可能會導(dǎo)致災(zāi)難性的后果。2.即使全球變暖這種災(zāi)害永不發(fā)生，即使臭氧層空洞仍然只是一種深奧的極地現(xiàn)象，人類的活動已經(jīng)極大地的改變了全球的條件，這些也許是用照相機拍不出來的。3.與生態(tài)圈相反，技術(shù)圈是由線性流程所決定的。4.現(xiàn)在技術(shù)圈運作的能源主要是礦物燃料，一旦用完，永不再生。5.尼龍不能進行生物分解—也就是說，現(xiàn)存的有機物中還沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)哪種酶可以分解尼龍。6.~~有生命的東西創(chuàng)造了一系列對生命至關(guān)重要的有限但獨立的物質(zhì)和反應(yīng)。7.免費的午餐實際上是一種負債，在技術(shù)圈中，債務(wù)是指已承認但尚未歸還的欠款。8.當債務(wù)以技術(shù)圈制造的環(huán)境污染的形式出現(xiàn)，然后又轉(zhuǎn)嫁到生態(tài)圈，這種債務(wù)將無法消除，造成破壞是不可避免的。Unit4Nettles1.TheimpactofMike'sleavingonmylifewasbeyondmyimagination.Ididn'texpectthatMike'sleavingwouldhavesuchatremendouspowerthatitwouldchangethemeaningofmyexistencecompletely.AllmythoughtswereaboutlossofMike.2.Atthattime,wewereyoungmothers,andweweresupposedtoleadaterriblybusylifefullofconfusionandbewildermentcausedbygivingbirthtoandraisingbabies.andourmindsweresupposedtobefullyoccupiedbyhowtofeedthebabiesandthingslikethat.However,inthemidstofallthiswestillfelttheneedtodiscusssomeoftheimportantthinkersofourtimelikeSimonedeBeauvoirandArthurKoestlerandT.S.Eliot'ssophisticatedwork"TheCocktailParty".3.Iwouldbefrightened,andmyfearwasnotcausedbymyneighbor'svisiblyhostileandviolentwayoflife,butbyakindofformlessandhiddenemptinessandmeaninglessnessofhumanexistence.Whathappenedaroundmewastotallyirrelevanttome,andIfeltveryisolatedandalienated.4.Shedidnotaskmeaboutmynewlife,eitheroutofsubtleconsiderationformyfeelingaboutthissensitivesubjectoroutofdisapprovalformynewlifestyle.5.Itwouldbeamorallylowthing,anindecentthingtocommitinfidelityinthehouseofafriend.6.Iknewthathewasapersonwhohadexperiencedtheworstinlife,thehardestexperienceapersonmighthavetoendure.7.Theyexperiencedtheworsttogetherandtheyknewwhatitwaslikeandunderstoodthemeaningofthatexperience.Sucha