社會(huì)工作專業(yè)英語(yǔ) 課件 chapter 11 Family Social Work、chapter 12 Resilience and Social Work Practice

FamilySocialWorkChapter11CatlogueI.IntroductiontoFamilySocialWorkII.FamilySocialWorkersandDomesticViolenceIII.FamilySocialWorkwithDisadvantagedFamiliesIV.CaseExample【KeyPoints】1.Familysocialworkersaretheprofessionalswhoarehelpingfamiliesandindividualstogetthroughdifficulttimesandimprovethequalityoftheirlife.2.Familysocialworkersplayasignificantroleincopingwithdomesticviolenceissuesandreducingtheimpactofpoverty.SomeWesternsocialworkers’strategiescanbelocalizedinChina,suchasorganizinginterventionprogramsforperpetratorsandprovidingfreecounsellingservicestosurvivors.3.Collaborationisimportantinsocialworkerpractice.Familysocialworkersmayworktogetherwiththerapists,judges,childprotectionservicesprovidersandsoon.【Introduction】家庭社會(huì)工作是以家庭為中心，運(yùn)用社會(huì)工作的理論與方法，為緩解家庭矛盾，完善家庭功能，而對(duì)家庭提供的服務(wù)。本章將簡(jiǎn)要介紹家庭社會(huì)工作的定義以及工作方法。對(duì)于家庭社會(huì)工作的實(shí)踐將分為兩個(gè)主題進(jìn)行介紹，即對(duì)家庭暴力和貧困問(wèn)題的介入。社會(huì)工作者在專業(yè)理論的指導(dǎo)下，通過(guò)適當(dāng)?shù)纳鐣?huì)工作的方法，幫助家庭暴力的施暴者改變態(tài)度和行為模式。為受害者提供臨時(shí)安全屋，法律援助，心理咨詢等服務(wù)。對(duì)于貧困家庭及其所處社區(qū)，社會(huì)工作者調(diào)動(dòng)資源以滿足其基本生活需求，并致力于改進(jìn)社區(qū)文化。本章將介紹美國(guó)，澳大利亞對(duì)這兩個(gè)社會(huì)問(wèn)題的應(yīng)對(duì)措施，并探討如何將西方經(jīng)驗(yàn)本土化。I.IntroductiontoFamilySocialWorkFamilysocialworkersaretheprofessionalswhoarehelpingfamiliesandindividualstogetthroughdifficulttimesandimprovethequalityoftheirlives.Inthischapter,wewillfirstintroducethedailyresponsibilitiesoffamilysocialworkers.Then,howthefamilysocialworkers’respondtodomesticviolencerelatedissueswillbepresented,includingtheWesternsocialworkersstrategiesforaddressingthiscomplicatedsocialissue.Thesecondsub-topicinthischapterishowfamilysocialworkersinterveneindisadvantagedfamilies.Thecoresocialvaluesandsocialworkskillsrelatedtothistopicwillbediscussed.Finally,thereisacaseexampleusedtoexplainthesocialworkers’impactondomesticviolenceissues.I.IntroductiontoFamilySocialWorkTheDefinitionofFamilySocialWorkAsthebasicunitsofsociety,familieshavetheirownculturalvalues.Familiesprovideindividualssafety,securityandsupport.Familysocialworkthusisfoundedontheassumptionthatindividualsneedstrongandfunctionalfamiliestoprovideemotionalcohesion.Familysocialworkersaimtorepairorcreatenewfamilystructurestohelpfamiliesregaintheirstability.Familysocialworkersareexpectedtoimprovethequalityoflifeforfamiliesbyfindingresourcesandsolutionstotheirproblems.Theclientsoftencomefromfamilieswhichareincrisis,suchasthosewhoarebelowthepovertylevelorchronicallyunemployed.Moreover,somefamiliesmayhaveoneormorememberswhoareaged,disabled,orstrugglingwithotherissues.AtypicalworkdayforfamilysocialworkersintheU.S.canbehelpingclientsapplyforfoodstampsorfinancialassistance,findingemergencyhousing,locatingtherapistsorcounsellorsandsoon.I.IntroductiontoFamilySocialWorkDysfunctionalfamiliesneedspecialservicesfromfamilysocialworkers.Theseclientswillbeeducatedaboutwhathealthyfamilyinteractionlooklike.Socialworkerswillinterveneandcorrectdisrespectfulattitudesandbehaviorsamongfamilymembers(e.g.domesticviolence).II.FamilySocialWorkersandDomesticViolenceDomesticviolenceisoneofthemostcommonareasthatsocialworkersencounter.Socialworkershaveworkedwithdomesticviolenceperpetratorsandsurvivorsfordecades.In2016,thefirstAnti-DomesticViolenceLawwasimplementedinmainlandChina.Thus,theChinesesocialworkershavemoreresponsibilitiestobuildbridgesbetweeninstitutionsandtheaverageperson,suchasraisingpublicawarenessonthisissueandhelpingsurvivorsnavigatethelegalsystem.II.FamilySocialWorkersandDomesticViolence1.WhatisDomesticViolenceDomesticviolenceisdefinedas“apatternofbehaviorinanyrelationshipthatisusedtogainormaintainpowertocontroloveranintimatepartner”basedontheUnitedNationsdefinition.Domesticviolencephysical

violenceemotional

violenceverbal

violencefinancial

violencesexualviolenceII.FamilySocialWorkersandDomesticViolenceTobetterunderstanddomesticviolenceissuesinChinesecontext,thedefinitiononthefirstAnti-DomesticViolenceLawisreferencedbelow.TheAnti-DomesticViolenceLawwasfirstimplementedin2016.Domesticviolencewaslegallydefinedas“physicalandmentalviolationscommittedbyfamilymembersthroughbeating,binding,maiming,restrictingpersonalfreedom,andfrequentabuseandintimidation”II.FamilySocialWorkersandDomesticViolenceInaddition,inArticle27oftheAnti-DomesticViolenceLaw,thereisprotectionorderlegislation.Anindividualcanapplyforaprotectionorderwhenmeetingallthreerequirementsbelow:First,thereisaclearrespondent.

Second,thereisaspecificrequest.Third,theindividualhasexperienceddomesticviolenceorisinrealdangerofdomesticviolence.II.FamilySocialWorkersandDomesticViolenceThesocialservicesondomesticviolenceissuesinChinahavedevelopedaftertheimplementationofthefirstAnti-DomesticViolenceLaw.However,theinterventionprograms,women’sshelters,legalaidandotherresourcesfordomesticviolencesurvivorsandperpetratorsarestilllimited.Therefore,thischapterwillintroducehowWesternsocialworkerssupportfamilieswhoarefacingdomesticviolenceissues.Then,wewilldiscusshowtotransferandlocalizetheirstrategiestoChina.ConsideringthefirstAnti-DomesticViolenceLawemphasizedphysicalandverbalabuse,thischapterwillreferencehowtheU.S.andAustraliansocialworkersdealwiththesetwospecifictypesofdomesticviolence.II.FamilySocialWorkersandDomesticViolence2.FamilySocialWorkersandthePerpetrators2.1Perpetratorinterventionprograms

Perpetrator(alsocalledabuser,batterer,offenderinsomecountries)interventionprogramshaveemergedinWesterncountriesinthelate1970sand1980sinresponsetoviolenceagainstwomen.Theperpetratorprogramsarerehabilitationprogramsforindividualswhoareconvictedofdomesticviolenceoffensesinfamilycourt.Thus,theparticipantintheprogramiseithervoluntaryormandatedbyacourtorder(asanalternativetothecriminallegalapproach).

Theperpetratorinterventionprogramsaimtoeducateandrehabilitatetheabusers’socialfunctions,althoughtheseprogramsvarywidelyintheirdesign,content,andmannerofdelivery.Perpetratorinterventionprogramscanbedeliveredincommunitiesorcorrectionalcenters.Thedurationofprogramsmayvary,fromseveralweekstoyears.II.FamilySocialWorkersandDomesticViolence2.2HowFamilySocialWorkersHelpthePerpetrators

Socialworkersplayanimportantroleininterventionprograms.Tobetterunderstandhowthesocialworkershelpthedomesticviolenceabusers,thissectionwillintroducetheinterventionprogramsinAustraliaandtheUnitedStatesandsocialworkersinterveninginthesetwocontexts.

II.FamilySocialWorkersandDomesticViolence

TheintroductionoftheProgramsfordomesticandfamilyviolenceoffendersispresentedontheofficialwebsiteoftheDepartmentforCorrectionalServices,GovernmentofSouthAustralia.Therearetwoavailableprogramsforthedomesticviolenceperpetratorswhichareorganizedinbothcustodialandcommunity-basedsettings.ThesocialworkersandotherprofessionalswillusetheOntarioDomesticAbuseRiskAssessmenttoolatfirsttoevaluatetheperpetrators’behaviorsPerpetratorswhoscore5orabovecanenrolloneofthetwooptions.DomesticandFamilyViolenceInterventionProgram(DFVIP)FamilyViolenceProgramforAboriginalMenII.FamilySocialWorkersandDomesticViolence

Thesetwoprogramsaimtohelpoffenderstakeresponsibilityfortheirbehaviorandunderstandtheseriousconsequencesoftheirviolentbehaviorontheirfamilymembers.Socialworkerswillhelptheparticipantstobehaveinasafeandrespectfulwayintheirintimaterelationships.Inaddition,thesocialworkerswillofferstrategiestohelptheparticipantsreplacetheirirrationalthoughtpatterns(e.g.jealousyandcontrolissues)withmorefunctionalthinking.Morespecifically,theinterventionprograminSouthAustraliawilltouchthefollowingareas:responsibilitytaking,dangerousthinking,cyclesofviolence,effectsforchildren,genderandpower,valuesandsexualrespect,aswellassafetyandself-managementplanning.II.FamilySocialWorkersandDomesticViolence

SocialworkersintheU.S.respondtodomesticviolenceissuesdifferently.Theyaremorelikelytocooperatewithotherprofessionalsandengageinthelegalprocess.Thedefendant(perpetrator)willmeetaprobationcounselorandcommunity-basedcounselorsatfirstfordecidingthebesttreatmentforhim/her.Theperpetratorwillworkwithatreatmentteam,includingasocialworker(domesticviolencetreatmentprovider),avictimadvocate,asubstanceabusecounselorifneeded,andamentalhealthcounselorifneeded.Aftertheperpetratorsuccessfullyfinishestheprogram,he/shemustgotothereviewhearing.Thecourtwillcheckinwithboththeperpetratorsandthetreatmentteam.Thejudgewillevaluatetheperpetrators’progressbasedonthesocialworkers'andotherprofessionals'feedbackaswellastheperpetrator'sperformanceduringthehearingsII.FamilySocialWorkersandDomesticViolence3.FamilySocialWorkersandtheSurvivors

Oneofthesignificantchallengesforfamilysocialworkersisprovidingimmediateandappropriatesupporttovulnerablepersons.Thishurdlebecomesevenmorecomplicatedwhenwomenandchildrendomesticviolencesurvivorsareinvolved.Thoughmanyeffortshavebeenmadetomitigatetheseverityofdomesticviolenceinthepastdecades,thereisstillasignificantamountofworkneededtobedonebysocialworkers.Thissectionwillintroducehowsocialworkersworkcollaborativelywithdomesticviolencesurvivorstoincreasetheirsafety.II.FamilySocialWorkersandDomesticViolence

TheAustralianAssociationofSocialWorkerssummarizedthescopeofsocialworkpracticeindomesticviolencewithsurvivors(alsocalledvictims).Theyadvocatedthateveryonehasarighttoliveinahomeandsocietyfreeofviolence.Therefore,thescopeofsocialworkpracticeincludesalllevelsofviolencemanagementandinterventionprograms,includingindividualplanning,counselling,groupwork,communitydevelopment,policydevelopment,academicresearch,victimadvocacyandsoon(AustralianAssociationsofSocialWorkers,2008)Socialworkersinpracticedrawonabroadrangeoftheories,approachesandskillstoensurecomprehensiveassessmentondomesticviolenceissues,suchasbriefspecific-needsanalysesandholisticpsychosocialandriskassessmentofthesurvivors.II.FamilySocialWorkersandDomesticViolenceWhensocialworkersrespondtodomesticviolenceissues,theynormallystartwithcrisisintervention.Thecrisisandriskassessmentsareconductedatfirst,thenthespecificsafetyplanningandriskmanagementprovidedtothesurvivor.Forexample,thesocialworkermayhelpthesurvivormovetoatemporaryemergencyshelter.Whenthesurvivorseparatesfromtheabuserandapplyforaprotectionorderordivorce.Socialworkerscanhelpthesurvivorsnavigatethelegalsystem.Morespecifically,includingcommunicatingwithpoliceofficersandotherrelevantauthoritiesaswellasfindinglegalaid.II.FamilySocialWorkersandDomesticViolenceCounsellingandtherapeuticinterventionsisanothersubareaoffamilysocialworkerpractice.Counsellingandtargetedtherapeuticinterventionsaimtoempowerthedomesticviolencesurvivorsandhelptheirrecovery.Specializedtraumatherapymaybeprovidedtothemaswell.Socialworkersusegroupworktoempowerthevulnerableperson,suchaswomenandchildren’ssurvivors.Socialworkersworkwithcommunitiestochangepublicattitudesondomesticviolence.Forpolicydevelopmentandacademicresearch,socialworkersactivelyadvocatethedomesticviolencesurvivors’rightsbypolicysubmissionsandpeerreviewedjournalssubmissions,suchascreatingaspecificcriminalizationlaw.Socialworkersmayconsidercasemanagementandservicecoordinationincertaincontexts.Theclientscanbereferredtootherservices,suchassocialwelfareagencies.Inaddition,familysocialworkerssupportclientsinaccessingfinancialassistance,legalservices,andlonger-termsafeandaffordablehousing.II.FamilySocialWorkersandDomesticViolence4.LocalizingFamilySocialWorkers’StrategiesinChineseContext

ThissectionpresentshowtheU.S.andAustraliansocialworkersinterveneinfamilieswithdomesticviolenceissues.Socialworkerscooperatewithotherprofessionals,suchasjudges,counsellors,staffintheshelterandsoon.Thecollaborationoftheprofessionalscanprovidemoreappropriateservicestobothdomesticviolenceperpetratorsandsurvivors.Thetreatmentteamcanhelptheperpetratorschangetheirattitudestowardsgenderequality,behaviorpatternstotheirpartners,andcorrecttheirparentingstyles.Asforthemostvulnerablesurvivors(womenwithoutindependentincomeandchildrenwhowitnessdomesticviolencebetweentheirparents),socialworkerstransferthemtoemergencyshelterstoseparatefromabusers.Then,freelegalaidandcounsellingservicesareavailabletothesesurvivorswhichcanhelpthemrecoverfromthetraumaticexperiences.II.FamilySocialWorkersandDomesticViolenceTheseintervenestrategiescanbetransferredtoChinesesocialworkpractice.Inaddition,thetraditionalChineseculture(e.g.patrilineal

andpatriarchy

culture)shouldbeconsideredwhensocialworkersworkwithfamilieswhohavedomesticviolenceissues.Inaddition,socialworkersneedtoadvocategenderequalityinthecommunities.III.FamilySocialWorkwithDisadvantagedFamilies

Povertyalleviationisasignificantandongoingconcernforfamilysocialworkers.JamesKelly,thepresidentoftheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkers,indicatedthatthisisoneofthecorecompetenciesofsocialworkers.Hefurtherexplainedthat“Socialworkers,asthesocialsafetynetofmanycommunities,havetheuniquetrainingandeducationtoworkwithindividualswhiletheymakeeffortstobecomeeconomicallyself-sufficient.Itisoneoftheprofession’smostnotableaccomplishmentstoworkwiththosewhoarelessfortunateandtoprovidethemwiththeresourcesandsupporttorightthemselves”III.FamilySocialWorkwithDisadvantagedFamilies1.SocialworkvaluesandpovertyFamilysocialworkersalwaysworkwithdisadvantagedfamilies,especiallyfamilieswhicharelivinginpoverty.Povertyadverselyinfluencesindividuals’livesinmultiplewaysandcanbecompoundedbybothstructuralandindividualfactors.Itcanimpactcognitive,social,andbehavioraldevelopment,healthydiet,parentalmentalhealth,andparentalconflict.Inaddition,povertycannegativelyaffecttheindividual’ssenseofworth.Disadvantagedfamiliesmayexperiencesocialexclusionwhichfurtherdisempowersthemfromgettinginvolvedinissuesaffectingtheirlives.III.FamilySocialWorkwithDisadvantagedFamiliesSocialworkershavethesocialresponsibility,corevalues,andappropriatetrainingtointerveneandalleviatpoverty.Morespecifically,socialworkers'valuesandethicalprinciplesincludeupholdingandpromotinghumandignityandoverallwell-beingaswellasdistributingresourcestochallengeunjustpractices.III.FamilySocialWorkwithDisadvantagedFamilies2.HowFamilySocialWorkersInterveneImpoverishedfamilies2.1MeetingtheDisadvantagedFamilies'BasicNeeds

Maslow’sHierarchyofNeedsindicatesthatphysiologicalneedsarethemostessentialfactorsinthequalityofanindividual'slife,includingfood,housing,andclothes.Thus,familysocialworkersareexpectedtorespondimmediatelytothesebasicneedsoftheclientswhoarelivinginseverepoverty.Thesebasicneedscanbemetbyfindingresourcesintheircommunities,connectingassistanceprograms,andofferingservicestofilldeliverygaps.Thefamilysocialworkerscanhelptheirclientstostoplivinginsurvivalmodeandbeginplanningforfutureemployment.III.FamilySocialWorkwithDisadvantagedFamilies2.2AdvocatingfortheImpoverished

Familysocialworkerscanprovideadvocacyservicesforclientswhocannotspeakupforthemselvestoobtainresourcesfromsocialinstitutionsandgovernmentagencies.Forexample,theclientswhoaresufferingfrommentalhealthissues,orwhohavephysicaldisabilities,andsomeotherdifficultiescannotadvocatefortheirbasicneedsthemselves.

Thus,familysocialworkersrepresentthesedisadvantagedpeopletocommunicatewithothersocialservicesproviders.Familysocialworkersmayworkonbehalfofaclienttolocatecommunityresources,suchasfoodpantriesfromchurchandgovernmentaffiliated

agencies(freefood).Thisisonecrucialprocessofsocialworkpovertyinterventions.III.FamilySocialWorkwithDisadvantagedFamilies2.3PolicyFormulationandDevelopment

Asfrontlineserviceproviders,socialworkerscloselyconnectedwithimpoverishedpeople.Thus,familysocialworkersareinapositiontounderstandpovertyandrelatedsocialissuesindepth.Theycanbringthegroundrealitiesofcertaincontextsorsubgroupstotheconcernedauthorities.

Socialworkershavedirectlyandindirectlyengagedinpolicyformulationanddevelopmentinmanycountriesinthepastdecades.Theyachievedthisgoalinvariousways,suchasparticipatinginpoliticalactionsandcommunityorganizations.TheUSsocialworkersmay“joincommitteesorworkdirectlywithelectedofficialstodiscusscommunityneedsortosuggestpossiblechangestospecificsocialpoliciesthataffectthepoor”.Inaddition,socialworkersmayorganizecommunityfundraiserstoinfluencesocialpolicies.III.FamilySocialWorkwithDisadvantagedFamilies2.4CommunityEducationandActivities

Socialworkerseducatedisadvantagedfamiliesandtheircommunitiestochangetheirlivingcontext.Forexample,poorneighborhoodsarealwaysaffectedbydrugaddition,domesticabuseandlimitededucationaccess.

Thus,tochangetheconditionoftheneighborhoods,socialworkershelptochangeresidents’attitudes,behaviorpatterns,andtheenvironmentaroundthem.Furthermore,socialworkersprovidetheunemployedadultsjobtraining.IV.CaseExample1.BasicInformationoftheSelectedCaseKellyisamiddle-agedwomanwhoislivinginaruralareainSouthAustralia.Shehasexperiencedseverephysicalviolence(brokenbones)andverbalabusefromherpartnerforseveralyears.Sheislivinginapoorneighborhoodwithlimitedsocialservices.Kellycriedatthefearandlowself-worthshefeltafterbeingabusedbyherpartner.Severalfactorsinfluenceherdecisiontostayorleavetheabusiverelationship,includinghousing,herchildren’ssafety,andtheconservativecultureofthelocalcommunity.IV.CaseExampleConsideringthesedifficulties,Kellytriedtoseekhelpfrominformalsourcesinthefirstinstance(familyandfriends).However,shewasjudgedandblamedbyherrelativesforherpartner’sabuseandshewasforcedtostayintheabusiverelationship.Shesaid“Iwastooterrifiedtomoveonbecauseofthekids.Mypartnerusedtosaytomethingslike,youcouldn’tsupportthefamilyasIcould.IamashamedthatIwasstupidenoughtostayintherelationshipforadecade.Ishouldneverhavedoneit.”Finally,shedecidestocontactthelocaldomesticviolenceagencydirectlyforprofessionalassistance.IV.CaseExample2.TheClient’sBasicNeedsTheeffectsofdomesticviolenceonchildrenshouldbeevaluatedbyprofessionals.Childprotectionservicesmaybeinvolvedifneeded.Theperpetrator’scommunicationskills,behaviorpatterns,andparentingstyleshouldbechanged.Kelly’sBasicNeedsKellyandherchildrenneedanemergencysheltertoseparatefromtheperpetrator.Shealsoneedssomespecialservicesfromlocalpsychologistsorgeneralistfamilycounselors.IV.CaseExample3.InterventionForthesurvivor:oneshelterinSouthAustraliawasfoundedwhichservesdomesticviolencesurvivorsages16andolderandtheirdependentchildren.ThesocialworkerdrivesKellyandherchildrentotheshelterandcommunicateswiththetrainedandcompassionatestaffintheshelter.Thisconfidentialdomesticviolenceshelterofferssupportiveindividualcounseling,legalandcourtadvocacy,assistanceinapplyingforprotectionorders,andafocusgroupforsurvivors.Thisshelteralsoappliesatrauma-informedmodelinthefocusgrouptohelpsurvivorsdealingwithchildcustodyandco-parenting-relatedissues.IV.CaseExample3.Intervention

Fortheperpetrator:Fortheperpetratorswhoarenotsufferingfrommentalhealthissuesanddrugoralcoholaddiction,theirabusivebehaviorisoftenmotivatedbytheunconsciousorconsciousdesiretocontroltheirpartners(survivor).Kelly'shusbandbelongstothissubgroup.Thus,thefamilysocialworkersendshimtoabattererinterventionprogramfortreatment.BattererInterventionprogramsareasignificantpartofacomprehensiveapproachtodomesticviolence.Theaimsofthistreatmentareeducatingtheperpetratorstodevelopempathyfortheirvictims,identifyingandself-monitoringnegativethoughts,andinterruptingthenegativeself-talkwhichalwaysproceedsabusivebehaviors.Topreventfurtherabuse,thebattererprogramalsoeducatestheperpetratorsongenderequalityandaddressesabusers’accountabilityTheprogramaimstoimprovetheperpetrators’non-abusivecommunicationskills.IV.CaseExample3.Intervention

Theinterventionprogramrunsaround24weeks.Morespecifically,theNewYorkModelwillbeappliedinthebattererinterventionprogram.It

holdstheopinionthat“battererinterventionprogramscannottreat,cure,orrehabilitatemenwhoabusewomen.Itinsteadstatesthatdomesticviolencehasitsrootsin

sexismandthetraditionalviewsofpatriarchy,whichareslowlyshifting,andthatonlybyalteringtheseviewswillamanbeabletochange.Theprogrammodeldoesallowthatsomemenareabletochange,astheDuluthmodeldoes,butonlywhenthesocietalattitudesandbeliefsthatallowattitudesofsexismandmaledominancetocontinuealsochange.Thismodeldoesnotsupportanycontactwiththevictimanddoesnotbelievethatvictimsshouldbegivenfalsehopeabouttheeffectivenessofinterventionprograms.”(“BattererIntervention”,2019)IV.CaseExample3.InterventionForthechildren:Childrenwhohaveexperiencedorwitnesseddomesticviolencearealldirectvictims.ThesocialworkerwhoarelicensedtoprovidecounselingcommunicateswithKelly’schildren.Childrenvictimsnowunderstandthattheyarenotaloneandnothingtheyhaveexperiencedistheirfault.Communitytraining:Domesticviolenceisprevalentworldwideandmorelikelytohappeninpoorneighborhoods.Raisingpublicawarenesstowardsanti-domesticviolenceinitiativesiscrucial.Socialworkersthusprovidecommunitytrainingstoeducatethelocalresidentsonthedynamicoffamilyviolence,suchaswarningsignsofabuseandtypesofabuse.Inaddition,socialworkersinformtheresidentsoftheirsocialservicesoptions.IV.CaseExample4.TerminationThesocialworkerplannedoutaterminationwhenshefoundtheperpetratorimprovedhiscommunicationskillsandchangedhisbehaviorpatterns.Moreover,thewomensurvivorandherchildrenhavereceivedaprotectionorder.Theco-parentingplanafterdomesticviolencewassupportedbyaknowledgeablelawyer.IV.CaseExample5.EvaluationInsum,theperpetrator’sbehaviorpatternhasbeenchanged.Hecancommunicatewithhispartnerandchildreninacompassionateway.Theprofessionalsalsohelpedthewomensurvivor(Kelly)andherchildrentomanagetheirtraumaticstress.Therefore,thefamilyrelationshipshavebeenimproved.【ChapterSummary】Thischapterbrieflyintroducedwhatfamilysocialworkisandhowthesesocialworkersintervenewiththefamilieswhoarefacingdifficulties.Morespecifically,thischapterexplainedhowsocialworkersworkwithdomesticviolenceperpetratorsandsurvivorsandhowtosupportimpoverishedfamiliesandcommunities.Tobetterunderstandsocialworkpractice,thecaseexamplepresentsfamilysocialworkersexperiencesinHongKongduringthepandemic.Morespecificallythenewchallengesrelatedtoisolationandremoteservicesdeliverythatsocialworkersfaced.【Glossary】Familysocialwork（家庭社會(huì)工作）：以家庭為本的社會(huì)工作介入，即動(dòng)員社會(huì)及家庭資源，促進(jìn)家庭正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)及發(fā)展的社會(huì)福利服務(wù)。Domesticviolence（家庭暴力）：家庭暴力是指在家庭關(guān)系中發(fā)生的一切暴力行為。《中華人民共和國(guó)反家庭暴力法》將家庭暴力界定為家庭成員之間以毆打、捆綁、殘害、限制人身自由以及經(jīng)常性謾罵、恐嚇等方式實(shí)施的身體、精神等侵害行為。按照表現(xiàn)形式劃分，可分為身體暴力、情感暴力、性暴力和經(jīng)濟(jì)控制；按照受害者類型劃分，可分為：親密伴侶暴力、兒童暴力、老年人暴力。【Glossary】術(shù)語(yǔ)Familylifecycle（家庭生命周期）：是家庭依照一定的軌道形成、發(fā)展、分裂出新的家庭，直至母家庭消亡的全過(guò)程。在家庭生命周期過(guò)程中，母家庭孕育子家庭并消亡，家庭繼續(xù)得以延續(xù)。家庭生命周期是鄉(xiāng)村社會(huì)學(xué)者在20世紀(jì)三十年代初期發(fā)展出來(lái)的概念，用來(lái)描述家庭的結(jié)構(gòu)、組成以及行為的改變。

TheSatyafamilytreatmentmodel（薩提亞家庭治療模式）：是由美國(guó)著名的家庭治療師弗吉尼亞·薩提亞總結(jié)提出來(lái)的。這一理論假設(shè)主要包括對(duì)人的理解、對(duì)困難的理解和對(duì)家庭的理解，它相信:人是擁有快樂(lè)生活的各種能力和資源的，導(dǎo)致人出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題的原因是其錯(cuò)誤的應(yīng)對(duì)方式，對(duì)每個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)家庭都是非常重要的。薩提亞家庭治療模式要求社會(huì)工作者在治療過(guò)程中不是關(guān)注家庭成員的病癥表現(xiàn)，而是注重考察家庭成員的困難應(yīng)對(duì)方式，通過(guò)改善家庭成員的溝通方式和家庭規(guī)則，提高家庭成員的自尊和自我價(jià)值感?！綝ifficultSentences】1.Theviolentbehaviorsthusincludefrightening,intimidating,manipulating,humiliating,blaming,injureandsoon.因此，暴力行為包括恐嚇,操縱，羞辱，責(zé)備，傷害等。2.Thus,theparticipantintheprogramiseithervoluntaryormandatedbyacourtorder(asanalternativetothecriminallegalapproach).因此，暴力行為干預(yù)的參與者要么是自愿的，要么是由法院強(qiáng)制要求參加的（作為刑事起訴的替代方案）。3.Thesebatterer’sprogramsmightbeadefendant’sprobationorpretrialdiversionindifferentjurisdictions.在一些司法系統(tǒng)中，暴力行為干預(yù)作為被告的緩刑或?qū)徢案脑齑胧?.Theperpetratorinterventionprogramsaimtoeducateandrehabilitatetheabusers’socialfunctions,althoughtheseprogramsvarywidelyintheirdesign,content,andmannerofdelivery.盡管暴力干預(yù)模式的設(shè)計(jì)，內(nèi)容和工作方式不同，宗旨都是教育并恢復(fù)施暴者的社會(huì)功能?！綝ifficultSentences】5.Disadvantagedfamiliesmayexperiencesocialexclusionwhichfurtherdisempowersthemfromgettinginvolvedinissuesaffectingtheirlives.貧困（弱勢(shì)）家庭可能會(huì)遭受社會(huì)排斥，使得他們無(wú)法參與和生活息息相關(guān)的其他社會(huì)議題。6.Morespecifically,socialworkers'valuesandethicalprinciplesincludeupholdingandpromotinghumandignityandoverallwell-beingaswellasdistributingre