2022-2023學(xué)年甘肅省慶陽市高一上學(xué)期期末英語試卷（解析版）

2022-2023學(xué)年甘肅省慶陽市高一（上）期末英語試卷

題號一二三四五總分

得分

注意事項：

1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在答題卡上。

2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑；如需改動，用

橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在試卷上無效。

3.考試結(jié)束后，本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第I卷（選擇題）

一、閱讀理解（本大題共15小題，共37.5分）

A

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。

WeareexcitedtoannouncethatBrandonHobson-authorofWheretheDeadSitTalking,aNationalBook

AwardFinalist-willjudgeour2023AmericanShort（er）FictionPrize.GeneralGuidelines

Storiesmustbe1,000wordsorfewer.Youareallowedtoincludeuptothreestoriesperentry.PIease

submit（提交）allstoriesinonedocument.Eachstorymustbeginonanewpageandbeclearlytitled.For

thetitleofyoursubmission,listthestorytitles,separatedbyacomma.

Thefirst-placewinnerwillreceivea$1,000prizeandpublication（出版）inafutureissueofAmerican

ShortFiction（ASF）.Allentrieswillbeconsideredforpublication.Pleasesubmityour$17entryfeeand

yourworkthroughSubmittable.Wenolongeracceptsubmissionsbypost.

Youmaysubmitmultipleentries.Weacceptonlypreviouslyunpublishedworks.

SubmityourentryonlinebetweenNovember24,2022-February1,2023.

Conflicts（沖突）ofInterest

StaffandvolunteerscurrentlyworkingwithASFarenotfitforconsiderationorpublication.Additionally,

students,formerstudents,andcolleaguesofthejudge'sarenotadmittedtoparticipate（參力口）.Weask

thatpreviouswinnerswaitthreeyearsaftertheirwinningentryispublishedbeforeenteringagain.

Aboutwriting,Hobsonhassaid,TmalwaysmoreinterestedinlanguagethanIamcertainlyinplot.Most

ofuswhowriteliteraryfictionareinterestedinexperimentinginmorewaysthanjustlookingatit,

especiallyatraditionalstorylineorplotthatwealllearnedinschool.MWiththosewordsofencouragement

andwisdom,goodluckJWecan'twaitforyoursubmissions!

1.Howmanystoriescanaparticipantsubmitatmost?

A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.

2.Whatmaythefirst-placeprizewinnerget?

A.A$1,000prize.

B.Areturnof$17entryfee.

C.MeetingwithBrandonHobson.

D.PublicationinapastissueofASF.

3.Whichofthefollowingmaybequalifiedtoparticipate?

A.VolunteersofASF.B.Anewfictionwriter.

C.Prizewinnerslastyear.D.Studentsofthejudge's.

B

Muchofourthinkingabouthealthisbasedonwishfulthinking.Butscienceprovidesclearandsimple

adviceforahealthylife.GrahamLawtonexplorestheevidence.Grahamprovesthatyoudon*thavetobea

healthandfitnessextremisttobereasonablyhealthy.Hehasroundedupthelatestandstrictesthealth

researchandchangeditintousefuladviceonallthebighealthquestions：diet,weightloss,exercise,

sleep,ageingandsoon.

Graham,NewScientistfeaturewriter,isnotthecommonhealthexpert.Hesometimeseatsfastfood.He

hasagymmembershipbutrarelyusesit.Andhetakesmedicinetokeephisbloodpressureunder

control.Heneitherhasadietplannora6-weekprogramtokeepfitandthin.

Buthedoeshaveamuchbetterweapon：science.Inatalk,Grahamexplainsthebasicscience,tellspeople

someofthesecretsofscience,teachespeopletousetheabilityofjudgementtotellthegoodfromthebad,

andhelpsthemtoseebeyondtheheadlines.Thetalkallowspeopletoeathealthily,loseweight,andsort

thetruthoutfromsciencefacts.

Buthelovesoutdoorsports.LastyearGrahamcycledover1,200milesandranthesamedistanceof15

marathons.Heoftengoesswimmingoutdoors,walksupeightflightsofstairstohisdeskinsteadoftaking

thelift.Heeatshisfivecopiesoffruitandvegetablesaday,keepsenoughwaterinhisbody,anddoesn't

eatmuchmeat.Despiteallthebadhabits,hisgoodonesseemtobewinning.Grahamis50,buthis

"biologicalage"wasrecentlymeasuredas45.

4.WhatcanwelearnaboutGraham?

A.Hehassomebadhabits.

B.Hehasanextremelystrictdiet.

C.Helooksdownoncommonhealthexperts.

D.Healwaysbaseshealthonwishfulthinking.

5.WhatdoesGraham'stalkinparagraph3cover?

A.Wordsasweapons.B.Healthandscience.

C.Functionsofmedicine.D.Abilityandconfidence.

6.WhatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytellusconcerningGraham?

A.Hisindoorsportsofhislife.B.Hiscopiesofhealthbooks.

C.Hishealthylifestyle.D.Hiswayofthinking.

7.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?

A.TheProfessionalWaystoDoSports

B.TheImportanceofExerciseforHealth

C.TheUniquePathtoScientificSuccess

D.TheSecretsofLivingaHealthyLife

c

Africancountrieshavesomehistoricheritage,whichdirectlyreflects（反映）theimportantdevelopment

ofhumansociety,fromEuropeancountries.Recently,Germanysignedadealforthereturnofhundreds

ofvaluableartworksfromtheKingdomofDahomeyinthe19thcentury,inwhatistodayBenin.

Butmanyartifacts（手工藝品）arestillunluckilymissingandsomeareontheirwayback.Onesuchobject

isaneight-leggedseatfromtheoldkingdominUganda.Theimportantarti-factnowsitsatamuseum

thousandsofkilometersawayinBritain.ThewoodenseatishousedattheUniversityofOxford.ltisoneof

atleast279objectstheretakenfromtheBunyoro-KitaraKingdom.

ApolloJohnRwamparoisadeputyprimeministerofUganda.Hereallyvaluesthecountry'scultural

heritage.HerequestedtheBritishtoreturntheartifacts.Ugandaofficialsarepreparingtomeetwiththe

UniversityofCambridgeinBritainaboutthereturnofsuchhistoricalartifacts.Theschoolhasanunknown

numberofartifactsfromAfrica.Throughmanyefforts,anartifactwasrecentlytoitshome.

TheBritishMuseumholdsalargecollectionofartifactsfromAfrica.RoseMwanjasaidUganda's

commissionhadbeentryinghardonitandbelieveditcouldhavesomegoodeffects.SheisUganda's

commissionerformuseums.Sheaddedshecouldstartwiththosethataremorewillingtocooperate.

ManyoftheartifactsfromAfricacannotevenbefound.Thatledtoanorganizationstar-tedbylate

CongoleseartcollectorSindikaDokolo.TheorganizationofferstobuyAfricanartfromcollectionsin

foreigncountries.By2020,whenDokolodied,hisgrouphadsuccessfullyrecovered15items.However,

forAfricangovernments,therecoveryofartifactsremainsastruggleandwilltakemuchtime.

8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"retrieved"inparagraph1mean?

A.Reduced.B.Takenback.C.Givenup.D.Recommended.

9.Whereistheartifactoftheeight-leggedseatatpresent?

A.InBenin.B.InUganda.C.InGermany.D.InBritain.

10.WhatisUgandaofficials*attitudetotheircountry'sculturalheritage?

A.Curious.B.Concerned.C.Uncaring.D.Confused.

11.Whichwordbestdescribestherecoveryofartifacts?

A.Frightening.B.Doubtful.C.Effortless.D.Challenging.

D

Onemillionspeciesfaceextinction,morethaneverbeforeinhumanhistory,accordingtoaUNreport

releasedinMay.Andhumansshouldberesponsible.

TheIntergovernmentalPlatformonBiodiversityandEcosystemServices（IPBES）basedtheassessment

（評估）onsome15，000sourcesconsideringthecausesandresultsofenviron-mentalchangesoverthe

past50years.

Thefindingsareclearandalarming.Theresearchershavefoundthatabout25percentoftheworld'splants

andanimalsareatriskofextinction.Theseincludeseaandlandanimals.Eventhedomesticated（即l|養(yǎng)的）

animalsareatrisk：Over9percentofthedomesticatedani-malspeciesusedforfoodandagriculture

mighthavebeenlost.

Therearesomebigproblems.Thisrapiddecreaseofthenaturalworldendangersglobalfoodsafetyand

qualityoflife.Forexample,about4billionpeoplerelyonnaturalmedicines,producedbythedisappearing

species,fortheirhealthcare.Andlossesofspeciesthatpollinate（授粉）plantsthreatenupto$577billion

incropseachyear.

Theresearchersidentifiedfivedriversresponsiblefortheunpleasantnews.Theythinkatthetopofthelist

isthechangeoflandandseause.Thechangeinecosystemstowardsagriculture,aquacultureandother

humandevelopmentshasledtochangesinthenaturallivingspaceofspecies.ltisfollowedbythedirect

overuseofcreatures(harvestingcrops,cuttingdownthetrees,huntingandfishing)andclimatechange,

includingrisingsealevelsandincreasingextreme-weatherevents,wildfires,floodsanddroughts.The

finalcausesofspeciesextinctionarepollution,especiallyplastics,andthespreadofnon-nativespecies

thatcandisplaceorkillnativeplantsandanimals.

Theresearcherssayitistimeforhumanstomakeachange.Theythinkmaybeanewglobalwaytosave

foodandrefusewasteinourlifecouldturnthetables.Whetherthatispossibleisanopenquestion.

12.Whatisthemainpurposeofthefirstparagraph?

A.Tointroducethetopicofthetext.

B.Tointroducethescheduleofthereport.

C.Tointroducehumans'senseofresponsibility.

D.Tointroducethehistoryofhumandevelopment.

13.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlyshow?

A.Thereliabilityofthefindings.

B.Thespeciesofanimalsworldwide.

C.Theseriousnessofspecies'reduction.

D.Theriskyexperiencesoftheresearchers.

14.Whatisthebiggestthreatofspecies*survivalaccordingtotheresearchers?

A.Climatechange.B.Naturaldisasters.

C.Changesoftheirlivingspace.D.Thedirectoveruseofcreatures.

15.Whataretheresearchersinfavorof?

A.Changingourlivinghabits.

B.Spreadingnon-nativespecies.

C.Limitingnativeplantsandanimals.

D.Stoppingdiscussingthefoodproblem.

二、閱讀七選五（本大題共5小題，共12?5分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

Toprepareforanexam,asastudentyouhavetostartearly.ltiseasierwhenitcomestogettingserious

aboutpreparingforanexam.

Astohowtogoaboutit,thefirstthingyouneedisaplan.(1).Thatisthefirstdaytostartstudyingfor

real.Planouthowmanyhoursyouwillspendeachdaystudyinguntiltheexam.Makeascheduleandstick

toit.

(2).Thishelpstodevelopabig-pictureoverviewofthematerial.Startwithbigtopicsandleaveroomfor

subtopics.Fillintheinformationasbestasyoucan.Onceyouseealltheunitsofinformationinfrontofyou,

itwillbeeasiertoorganizeyourstudying.

Tofindoutifyouunderstandwhatyouhavebeenstudying,tryworkingwithsomeoneelsewhowillask

youquestionsaboutthematerial.Ifyoucananswerandexplainwithouttoomucheffortthenyouare

prepared.⑶.

Onthenightbeforetheexam,makesureyougeteighthoursofsleep.Onthemorningoftheexam,wake

upaboutthirtyminutesearliersothatyoucandoaquickrefresherofsomeofthemainpointsfromyour

examreview.Theselastthirtyminuteskeeptheinformationfreshinyourmindwithoutwearingyouout.

(4).Youneedtobehealthyandcarefultodoyourexamwell.Makesureyouarriveearlysothatyouarenot

rushingaroundrightbeforetheexamstarts.

Byfollowingtheseguidelines,youarebetterpreparedforanexam.Youwillfeelmoreconfidentandin

control.(5),youaremorelikelytodobetterintheexam.

A.Whenyoufeelassuch

B.Whenyouareusedtotests

C.Youhavestudiedforawholeterm

D.Eatafullbreakfastofhealthyfood

E.Startwiththedayoneweekbeforetheexam

F.Thesecondthingistooutlinethematerialyouneedtostudy

G.Usually,doingthiswillshowareasthatrequiremoreattentionandstudy

16.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

17.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

三、完形填空(本大題共15小題，共15.0分)

閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。

Kidsareoftenstressedandscaredwhentheybreakabone,butLuisRuizmakesgettingacast(打石膏)

funatChildren'sHospitalLosAngeles.Thedoctorcustomizes(定制)castsofyoung(21)withdrawings

oftheirfavoritecartooncharacters,sportsteams,andmore.

Abouttenyearsago,alittleboyaskedRuizto(22)ahappyfaceonhiscast.Hetoldthe(23),"Youknow

what,I'mreallynotgoodatdrawing.Fdrathernot.Imight(24)itup."Theboy(25)toinsistonasmiley

face,soRuizagreed(26).Thelittleboywas(27)withtheresults.

"Itlithimup!”Ruizremembers.Thatmomentofjoy(28)Ruiztooffercastdrawingstoallthekidswho

cameintothehospitalwith(29)bones."Iwasnotverygood,“Ruizsays."Butastime(30),littlebylittle,

Igotbetterandbetter,toa(31)wherenowIcanalmostdoanythingtheyaskfor.H

Sincethatfirst(32)face,Ruizhaspaintedthousandsofcasts,andthebest(33),hesays,is"bringing

thosesmiles".

"Thekidsjust(34)mejoy,"Ruizadds."I'mkindofafunguyandalittlekidmyselfinside,andIlike

havingfunandmaking(35)smile,andtheymakemesmile.n

21.A.patientsB.ladiesC.adultsD.partners

22.A.reviseB.makeC.drawD.cancel

23.A.nurseB.boyC.reporterD.doctor

24.A.setB.mixC.cleanD.mess

25.A.preferredB.attemptedC.continuedD.recommended

26.A.finallyB.personallyC.confidentlyD.curiously

27.A.disappointedB.preparedC.pleasedD.tired

28.A.advisedB.inspiredC.enabledD.allowed

29.A.brokenB.strongC.extraD.bad

30.A.camealongB.gotonC.letoffD.wentby

31.A.sightB.distanceC.baseD.point

32.A.uglyB.smileyC.lonelyD.smelly

33.A.viewB.factC.partD.comment

34.A.bringB.wishC.lendD.mail

35.A.hostsB.kidsC.parentsD.myself

第II卷（非選擇題）

四、語法填空(本大題共1小題，共15.0分)

36.閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Haveyouheardofcommunityfridges?Thesearespaces(1)localscansharefoodwithoneanother

andsavefreshfood(2)goingtowaste.TheCommunityFridgeNetwork(3)(connect)300

communityfridgesacrosstheUK.Itoffersguidancetopeople⑷(look)tosetuptheirownfridges,

andsupporttogroupsrunningfridges.Thefridgesareopentoeveryone.Ofcourse,therearesome

rulesforwhatcanandcannot(5)(share)inordertokeepthingssafe.Butotherwise,you're

welcome(6)(take)whatyouneed,andleaveanythingthatmightotherwiseendupinthewaste

bin.

Accordingto(7)surveybytheFoodFoundation,inApril2022,15.5percentofUKhouseholdswere

foodinsecure,meaningthattheyate⑻(little)thannormalorwentadaywithoutfoodbecause

theycouldnotaccess(9)affordfood.

Thebenefitofcommunityfridgeshasneverbeenclearer.Indifficulttimes,withprettymuchallcosts

increasinggreatly,itisreassuringtoknowthat(10)(community)arecomingtogetherandhelping

eachotherasmuchastheycan.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

⑸

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

五、書面表達(dá)(本大題共2小題，共40.0分)

37.假定你是李華，隨著春節(jié)的臨近，你的交換生同學(xué)Bob想了解一下你們當(dāng)?shù)厥侨绾螝g度

春

節(jié)的。請你給他發(fā)一封電子郵件，內(nèi)容包括：

(1)介紹當(dāng)?shù)貧g度春節(jié)的方式；

(2)邀請他來你家做客。

注意：

(1)寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；

(2)請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

DearBob,

Howiseverythinggoing?

Iamlookingforwardtoyourreply.

Yours,

LiHua

38.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。

HillaryHarrislivedwithherhusbandanddaughterinEauClaire,Wisconsin.However,shewas

thinkingofmoving.Notbecauseshedidn'tlikethehouseortheneighborhood,butbecauseofthe

housenextdoor.Firstofall,shehatedthatherfamilyhadtosharethedrivewaywiththeneighbors,

whileshealsodislikedthefactthattenants(租戶)cameandwenttothathouseallthetime.Andwhen

acoupleintheir50smovednextdoor,itwasn'tanydifferent.Hillaryfeltthatshehadhadenough，

soshedidn'teventrytobewarmtowardsthem.

"Herewegoagain,"shethought."Nowwhat?"Assheadmitted,shewasUturnedoffbythe

womannextdoorandthattheywerecoldtoeachother.

"Shewouldnotacceptmeanyhow,"DawnJohnson,thenewneighborrecalled.nIwouldcometo

getmymail,shutitandwatchherwalkintothehouse."Buteverythingwasabouttochangeinan

unbelievableway.

Hillaryknewshehadbeenadopted（收養(yǎng)）whenshewasababy,aswellassheknewshehadseveral

halfsiblings（兄弟姐妹）.Infact,shehadalreadymanagedtoreunitewiththreeofthemthroughthe

Internet.Buttherewasstillonehalf-siblingthatshecouldn'ttrackdown.Allsheknewwasthather

namewasDawnJohnson.Shehadfoundthreeotherhalf-siblingsontheInternet,butshewashaving

noluckwithDawn.Shewasbeginningtothinkthatshe'dneverfindher.

Whensherealizedhernewneighbor'snamewasDawn,shekindofhadafeelingthatshejustmight

behersister.Shelearnedthatthewoman'sfirstnamewasDawnandthatshewasfrom

Greenwood-thesametownwhereDawnJohnsonhadlivedaccordingtowhatshehadlearnedfrom

herfather,WayneClouse.Shetoldherhusband,"HernameisDawn-whatifshe'smysister?”They

bothlaughedandsaid,"Noway!Nowaycouldthatbe.H

注意：

（1）續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；

（2）請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

However,shecouldn*thelpthinkingaboutit.

So,whenJohnsonwentoutoftown,Hillarytextedher,askingaboutherfather'sname.

答案和解析

1~3.【答案】C、A、B

【解析】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)GeneralGuidelines部分第一段中的Storiesmustbe1,000wordsor

fewer.Youareallowedtoincludeuptothreestoriesperentry.（故事必須不超過1,000字。每為入圍

者最多可以包含三個故事。）可知，參賽作品最多3篇故事。故選C。

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)GeneralGuidelines部分第二段中的Thefirst-placewinnerwillreceivea$1,

000prizeandpublication（出版）inafutureissueofAmericanShortFiction（ASF）.（第一名的獲

獎?wù)邔@得1,000美元的獎金，并在下一期的美國短篇小說（ASF）上發(fā)表。）可知，第一名獲

得者獲得1000美元的獎金，并將在下期《美國短篇小說》雜志上發(fā)表。故選A。

（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的StaffandvolunteerscurrentlyworkingwithASFarenotfitfor

considerationorpublication.Additionally,students,formerstudents,andcolleaguesofthejudge'sarenot

admittedtoparticipate（參力口）.Weaskthatpreviouswinnerswaitthreeyearsaftertheirwinningentryis

publishedbeforeenteringagain.（目前與ASF合作的工作人員和志愿者不適合考慮或發(fā)布。此外，

裁判的學(xué)生、以前的學(xué)生和同事不得參加。我們要求以前的獲獎?wù)咴讷@獎作品發(fā)布三年后再參加。）

可知，ASF當(dāng)前的志愿者不能參加、與裁判相關(guān)的人員不能參加，而且以前獲獎選手三年內(nèi)不能

參加。由此可推斷，只有新手才可以參賽。故選B。

本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹短篇小說大賽的相關(guān)信息.

考查說明文。閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的

邏輯關(guān)系，對未說明的趨勢或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點理論，對文章未涉

及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋?？忌紫纫屑?xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點。

4~7.【答案】A、B、C、D

【解析】（1）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的Graham,NewScientistfeaturewriter,isnotthecommon

healthexpert.Hesometimeseatsfastfood.Hehasagymmembershipbutrarelyusesit.Andhetakes

medicinetokeephisbloodpressureundercontrol.Heneitherhasadietplannora6-weekprogramtokeep

fitandthin.（Graham是《新科學(xué)家》特稿作者，他不是那種常見的健康專家。他有時吃快餐。他

有健身房會員卡，但很少使用。他還吃藥控制血壓。他既沒有節(jié)食計戈I，也沒有6周的減肥計劃。）

可知，Graham有一些不好的習(xí)慣，如吃快餐，有健身房會員卡但很少使用等。故選A。

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的Inatalk,Grahamexplainsthebasicscience,tellspeoplesomeof

thesecretsofscience,teachespeopletousetheabilityofjudgementtotellthegoodfromthebad,and

helpsthemtoseebeyondtheheadlines.Thetalkallowspeopletoeathealthily,loseweight,andsortthe

truthoutfromsciencefacts.（在一次演講中，Graham解釋了基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)，告訴人們一些科學(xué)的秘密，

教人們使用判斷能力來區(qū)分好壞，并幫助看到頭條新聞之外的東西。這個演講讓人們健康飲食，

減肥，并從科學(xué)事實中梳理真相。）可知第三段中提到的Graham的這個演講涵蓋了科學(xué)和健康

方面的內(nèi)容。故選B。

（3）段落大意題。根據(jù)最后一段Buthelovesoutdoorsports.LastyearGrahamcycledover1,200miles

andranthesamedistanceof15marathons.Heoflengoesswimmingoutdoors,walksupeightflightsof

stairstohisdeskinsteadoftakingthelift.Heeatshisfivecopiesoffruitandvegetablesaday,keeps

enoughwaterinhisbody,anddoesn'teatmuchmeat.Despiteallthebadhabits,hisgoodonesseemtobe

winning.Grahamis50,buthis'biologicalage'wasrecentlymeasuredas45.（但是他喜歡戶外運動。

去年，Graham騎行了1200多英里，跑了相當(dāng)于15場馬拉松的距離。他經(jīng)常去戶外游泳，爬八層

樓梯去上班，而不是坐電梯。他每天吃五份水果和蔬菜，體內(nèi)保持足夠的水分，而且不怎么吃肉。

盡管有那么多壞習(xí)慣，但他的好習(xí)慣似乎正在占上風(fēng)。Graham今年50歲，但他的‘生理年齡'最近

被測量為45歲。）可知，此段主要介紹了Graham的一些健康的生活方式。故選C。

（4）標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第一段中的

Butscienceprovidesclearandsimpleadviceforahealthylife.GrahamLawtonexplorestheevidence.Gr

ahamprovesthatyoudon'thavetobeahealthandfitnessextremisttobereasonablyhealthy.Hehasrou

ndedupthelatestandstrictesthealthresearchandchangeditintousefuladviceonallthebighealthques

lions：diet,weightloss,exercise,sleep,ageingandsoon.（但科學(xué)為健康生活提供了清晰而簡單

的建議。格雷厄姆?勞頓探究了其中的證據(jù)。格雷厄姆證明，你不必成為一個健康和健身極端主義

者來保持合理的健康。他收集了最新、最嚴(yán)格的健康研究，并將其轉(zhuǎn)化為對所有重大健康問題的

有用建議：飲食、減肥、鍛煉、睡眠、衰老等等。）以及下文對Graham生活方式以及他的演講

的詳細(xì)介紹可知，本文主要闡述了Graham把收集到的最新、最嚴(yán)格的健康研究轉(zhuǎn)化為對健康問

題的有用建議，以及Graham健康的生活方式，由此可知D選項TheSecretsofLivingaHealthyLife

（健康生活的秘密）能夠概括文章內(nèi)容，適合作為文章標(biāo)題。故選D。

本文是一篇說明文，文章講述了Graham把收集到的最新、最嚴(yán)格的健康研究轉(zhuǎn)化為對健康問題

的有用建議以及他的健康的生活方式。

考查說明文。閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的

邏輯關(guān)系，對未說明的趨勢或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點理論，對文章未涉

及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋?？忌紫纫屑?xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點。

8~11.【答案】B、D、B、D

【解析】（1）詞義猜測題。根據(jù)后文Recently,Germanysignedadealforthereturnofhundredsof

valuableartworksfromtheKingdomofDahomeyinthe19thcentury,inwhatistodayBenin.（最近，

德國簽署了一項協(xié)議，要求歸還19世紀(jì)達(dá)荷美王國（今天的貝寧）的數(shù)百件珍貴藝術(shù)品。）可知，

劃線詞所在句子Africancountrieshaveretrievedsomehistoricheritage,whichdirectlyreflects（反映）

theimportantdevelopmentofhumansociety,fromEuropeancountries.表達(dá)的意思是：非洲國家從歐

洲國家已經(jīng)拿回了一些直接反映人類社會重要發(fā)展的歷史遺產(chǎn)。劃線單詞的意思是“拿回”。

A.Reduced.減少；B.Takenback.拿回；C.Givenup.放棄；D.Recommended.推薦。故選B。

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的Onesuchobjectisaneight-leggedseatfromtheoldkingdomin

Uganda.Theimportantarti-factnowsitsatamuseumthousandsofkilometersawayinBritain.（其中一

件這樣的物品是一個來自烏干達(dá)舊王國的八條腿的座椅。這件重要的藝術(shù)品現(xiàn)在位于數(shù)千公里外

的英國博物館。）可知，這把八條腿的座椅現(xiàn)在在英國的一個博物館里。故選D。

（3）觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第三段中的ApolloJohnRwamparoisadeputyprimeministerofUganda.He

reallyvaluesthecountry'sculturalheritage.HerequestedtheBritishtoreturntheartifacts.Ugandaofficials

arepreparingtomeetwiththeUniversityofCambridgeinBritainaboutthereturnofsuchhistorical

artifacts.（ApolloJohnRwamparo是烏干達(dá)副總理。他非常重視這個國家的文化遺產(chǎn)。他要求英國

人歸還文物。烏干達(dá)官員正準(zhǔn)備與英國劍橋大學(xué)會面，討論歸還這些歷史文物的問題。）可知，

烏干達(dá)的副總理很重視這個國家的文化遺產(chǎn)，烏干達(dá)的官員也將與英國劍橋大學(xué)會面，要求歸還

歷史文物，由此可推斷，烏干達(dá)的官員很關(guān)心他們國家的文物。A.Curious.好奇的；B.Concerned.

關(guān)心的;C.Uncaring.冷漠的；D.Confused.困惑的。故選B。

（4）推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的ManyoftheartifactsfromAfricacannotevenbefound.（許多

來自非洲的文物甚至找不到。）以及However,forAfricangovernments,therecoveryofartifacts

remainsastruggleandwilltakemuchtime.（然而，對于非洲各國政府來說，文物的恢復(fù)仍然是一場

斗爭,需要很長時間。）可知，有些文物已經(jīng)丟失，文物的恢復(fù)仍然面臨著很大的挑戰(zhàn)。A.Frightening.

可怕的；B.Doubtful.可疑的；C.Effortless.毫不費力的；D.Challenging.具有挑戰(zhàn)性的。故選D。

本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了非洲國家正在努力找回一些反映人類社會重要發(fā)展的文物，

但是對于非洲各國政府來說，這仍然是極大的一項挑戰(zhàn)。

閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對

未說明的趨勢或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點理論，對文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事

例給以解釋。考生首先要仔細(xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點。

12~15.【答案】A、C、C、A

【解析】（1）寫作目的題。根據(jù)首段Onemillionspeciesfaceextinction,morethaneverbeforeinhuman

history,accordingtoaUNreportreleasedinMay.Andhumansshouldberesponsible（根據(jù)聯(lián)合國5

月發(fā)布的一份報告，有100萬個物種面臨滅絕，比人類歷史上任何時候都多。人類應(yīng)該為此負(fù)責(zé)。）

可知，首段引用聯(lián)合國公布的一項報告，說明世界上物種滅絕嚴(yán)重，結(jié)合下文對物種滅絕的原因和

后果進(jìn)行分析可以判斷，首段的目的是引出本文的話題。故選A項。

（2）段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段Thefindingsareclearandalarming.Theresearchershavefoundthatabout

25percentoftheworld'splantsandanimalsareatriskofextinction.（調(diào)查結(jié)果是明確和令人震驚的。

研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，世界上約有25%的植物和動物面臨滅絕的危險。）可知，對于物種滅絕的數(shù)量研

究結(jié)果令人震驚，世界上25%的動植物處于滅絕的危險中，這說明了物種滅絕嚴(yán)重。可知第3段

主要說明了物種減少的嚴(yán)重性。故選C項。

（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Theresearchersidentifiedfivedriversresponsiblefortheunpleasant

news.Theythinkatthetopofthelististhechangeoflandandseause.（研究人員確定了造成這一令人

不快的消息的推手.他們認(rèn)為排在首位的是土地和海洋用途的變化。）可知，造成物種滅絕的威

脅中排在最前面的是土地和海洋用途的變化。A.Climatechange.氣候變化；B.Naturaldisasters.自然

災(zāi)害；C.Changesoftheirlivingspace.他們生活空間的變化；D.Thedirectoveruseofcreatures.直接過

度使用生物。故選C項。

（4）推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段Theresearcherssayitistimeforhumanstomakeachange.Theythink

maybeanewglobalwaytosavefoodandrefusewasteinourlifecouldturnthetables.（研究人員說，

現(xiàn)在是人類做出改變的時候了。他們認(rèn)為，也許一種新的全球方法來節(jié)省食物和拒絕我們生活中

的浪費可以扭轉(zhuǎn)局面。）可知，研究者說我們?nèi)祟悜?yīng)該做出改變了，一種新的全球方法來節(jié)省食

物和拒絕我們生活中的浪費可以扭轉(zhuǎn)局面，由此可推斷，研究者支持“改變生活習(xí)慣”這一觀點。

故選A項。

本文是一篇說明文。介紹的是聯(lián)合國的一份報告表明，現(xiàn)在世界上有100多萬物種面臨滅絕，分

析了物種滅絕的原因以及對人類造成的后果，并呼吁人類應(yīng)該做出改變。

閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對

未說明的趨勢或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點理論，對文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事

例給以解釋?？忌紫纫屑?xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點。

16?20.【答案】E、F、G、D、A

【解析】（1）推理判斷題。根據(jù)前句As