老高考適用2023高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí)第二編語法突破專題九介詞和介詞短語北師大版

專題九介詞和介詞短語1.(2021·浙江高考，37)In1844theyboughtit$1,200andsomelandfromCharlesDresser,whoperformedtheirmarriageceremonyin1842.答案：for句意：1844年，他們以1,200美元的價格從查爾斯·德萊瑟手中買下了這座房子和一些土地，查爾斯·德萊瑟在1842年舉行了他們的婚禮。固定短語buysthfor＋價格，意為“以……價格買某物”。故填for。2．(2020·全國卷Ⅰ，65)Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticularinteresttoscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(環(huán)形山),moresothefamiliarnearside.答案：than句意：月球的背面讓科學(xué)家尤其感興趣，因?yàn)樗仁煜さ囊幻嬗懈嗟纳瞽h(huán)形山。根據(jù)設(shè)空前的比較級moreso可知，此處填介詞than，表示“比……更”。故填than。3．(2020·全國卷Ⅲ，70)Theartistwasfinallyhumbled(謙卑)bythegreatestartistearth,MotherNature.答案：on句意：這位藝術(shù)家最終被世界上最偉大的藝術(shù)家——大自然母親所折服。結(jié)合句意表示“在世界上”短語為onearth。故填on。4．(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷，45)Museumsmustcompetepeople'ssparetimeandmoneywithotheramusements.答案：for句意：博物館必須和其他娛樂活動競爭人們的業(yè)余時間和金錢。此處是固定短語：competefor“為了……競爭”。故填for。5．(2019·全國卷Ⅲ，63)Wewerefirstgreetedwiththebarkingbyapackdogs,seventobeexact.答案：ofapackof是固定搭配，意為“一群……”。故填of。6．(2019·浙江高考，61)Theanswerthisquestionisnotclear.答案：totheanswerto...“……的答案”。故填to。7．(2021·全國乙卷，短文改錯)Inmyopinion,studentscanbenefitalotdoingsomehousework.答案：doing前加frombenefitfromdoing...為固定用法，意為“得益于……”。故在doing前加from。8．(2021·全國甲卷，短文改錯)Somewillturnouttotheirparentsorteachersforhelp.答案：去掉out句意：有些人會向父母或老師求助。turntosbforhelp是固定搭配，意為“求助于某人”。故去掉out。9．(2020·全國卷Ⅰ，短文改錯)AfterthatIpouredoilintoapanandturnedoffthestove.答案：off→on句意：之后我把油倒進(jìn)一個平底鍋，然后開火。根據(jù)Ipouredoilintoapan及常識可知，把油倒進(jìn)鍋里后應(yīng)是打開爐子，所以此處應(yīng)使用短語turnon。10．(2020·全國卷Ⅱ，短文改錯)ThenIcansparesometimetolearnitagain,sothatwecanpracticetogetheroneveryday.答案：去掉on介詞on后接的是具體時間。everyday表示“每一天”，前面不用任何介詞修飾。故去掉on。一常用介詞的意義續(xù)表二常見的復(fù)合介詞復(fù)合介詞基本詞義例句accordingto依據(jù)，根據(jù)……Theydividedthemselvesintothreegroupsaccordingtoage.owingto因?yàn)椤璒wingtotheircarelessness,afirebrokeout.becauseof因?yàn)椤璂on'tbeangrybecauseofwhathesaid.Hemeantnoharm.thanksto多虧了……Thankstomyteacher'shelp,IgotthefirstprizeintheEnglishSpeechContest.續(xù)表復(fù)合介詞基本詞義例句asfor/to至于……Wehadadelightfulweekendinthecountry.Asforthetraffic,wehadnodifficulty.dueto由于……Mistakesduetocarelessnessmayhaveseriousconsequences.apartfrom除……以外Apartfromthecost,thehatdoesn'tsuitme.exceptfor除了……(整體與部分的關(guān)系)Yourwritingisgoodexceptforafewgrammarmistakes.regardlessof不管……Regardlessofwhathappens,myclaimissafeandsecure.butfor要不是……Butforyourtextmessage,IwouldhaveleftmyIDathome.inspiteof盡管Inspiteofthefactthattheproductissafe,manypeoplestillrefusetobuyit.onaccountof因?yàn)門heirrecentprotestwascalledoffonaccountoftightenedsecurity.asaresultof由于Workersapproachingretirementshouldbesavingmore,notless,asaresultoflowrates.nextto僅次于；緊挨著Gettingthemtobuyintothesystemisnexttoimpossible.inadditionto除……以外，還有Thankfully,inadditiontochangingmajors,studentscanchangeschools.farfrom遠(yuǎn)非……MybossaskedsomuchofmeandIbelievedthatmyjobwasfarfromhissatisfaction.aheadof在……前面Withhishelp,wefinishedourtaskaheadoftime.三介詞to的搭配1．與名詞常見搭配thesolutiontotheproblem問題的解決方法thekeytothedoor門的鑰匙theanswertothequestion問題的答案tothepoint切中要害，中肯toone'staste合某人胃口toone'ssurprise/joy/delight令某人吃驚/高興的是approachtosth通往……的路，學(xué)習(xí)……的方法attitudeto/towards對待……的態(tài)度dancetomusic伴著音樂跳舞theentranceto……的入口have/gainaccessto有……的機(jī)會2．與動詞常見搭配devote...to...把……用于adjust...to...調(diào)節(jié)……以適應(yīng)adapt...to...適應(yīng)……attach...to...把……附在……上objectto反對lookforwardto盼望payattentionto注意getdowntosth開始做某事；開始認(rèn)真對待某事seeto照料，處理owesthtosb欠某人某物；把……歸功于/歸因于makecontributionsto為……作出貢獻(xiàn)begetusedto習(xí)慣于prefer...to...寧愿……而不……belongto屬于leadto通向，導(dǎo)致putanendto結(jié)束beupto從事，勝任pointto指著stickto堅(jiān)持holdonto抓住不放lookupto尊敬，尊重comparedto與……相比beadmittedto被錄取liveupto符合，達(dá)到，不辜負(fù)applyto利用，運(yùn)用attendto處理，照顧；關(guān)照appealto有吸引力；呼吁；上訴respondto應(yīng)答3．與形容詞常見搭配berelatedto與……有關(guān)besensitiveto對……敏感besimilarto與……相似belinkedto與……有關(guān)berelevantto與……相關(guān)beimportantto對……很重要bebeneficialto對……有益beequalto等于……befamiliarto對某人來說是熟悉的beblindto對……視而不見beaddictedto沉溺于四常用介詞與形容詞的搭配beconsciousof意識到befondof喜愛beawareof意識到；明白bestrictwithsbinsth對某人某方面嚴(yán)格beworthyof值得；配得上bedifferentfrom與……不同beabsentfrom缺席bepopularwith受到……的歡迎bepresentat出席betiredof厭倦……bebusywith忙于……belostin迷失在……beanxiousabout為……擔(dān)心beburiedin全神貫注于beashamedof因……而慚愧beabsorbedin全神貫注于besuspiciousof懷疑……befamiliarwith熟悉……五介詞in構(gòu)成的常見短語incommonwith與……一樣inthefaceof面對……intimefor正好……indangerof處于……危險(xiǎn)中indefenceof為了保護(hù)……inneed/wantof需要……inconsequenceof由于……infavourof贊成……inexchangefor交換……inmemoryof為了紀(jì)念……inhonourof為向……表示敬意inpraiseof為了贊美……inchargeof負(fù)責(zé)……inthechargeof由……負(fù)責(zé)inpossessionof擁有……inthepossessionof由……擁有insearchof為了尋找……intouchwith和……保持聯(lián)系inpreparationfor為……做準(zhǔn)備inplaceof代替，而不是inthehopeof希望……inthecourseof在……的過程中inthehabitof有……的習(xí)慣infrontof在……的前面inthefrontof在……的前部intheformof以……的形式inthenameof以……的名義inrelationto與……相關(guān)inregardto關(guān)于/至于……inreturnfor作為……的回報(bào)intermsof就……而言inharmonywith與……協(xié)調(diào)六其他介詞短語Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．SincemostofAntarcticrocksaredarkincolor,theystandoutthewhitebackgroundandareeasytoidentifyandcollect.答案：against句意：由于大多數(shù)南極巖石顏色較深，它們在白色背景的襯托下顯得格外突出，易于識別和收集。standoutagainst表示“在……反襯下顯得醒目”，故填against。2．Theideaofcreatinganationalparkwasfirstdiscussedinthe1940s,butpeoplecouldn'tagreewhatsizetomakethepark.答案：onagreeon是固定搭配，表示“對……達(dá)成一致”。3．HewenttoShanghaianimportantmeeting.答案：for句意：他去上海參加一個重要會議。for在此處表示目的，其后習(xí)慣于接名詞或代詞。4．HebrightenedthelivesofAmericansandBritishthroughtwoworldwarsandthehardyearsbetween.答案：in句意：在一戰(zhàn)和二戰(zhàn)之間的艱苦歲月里，他給英美人民的生活增添了樂趣。inbetween表示“在中間，當(dāng)中”，故填in。5．Bulliedkidsfaceahighriskmentalhealthproblems.答案：of句意：受欺凌的孩子們面臨著高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的精神健康問題。ariskof“……的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”。6．ShecontributedmorethananyotherscientistsolvingthestructureofDNA.答案：to句意：她在破解DNA結(jié)構(gòu)方面所做的貢獻(xiàn)，比任何一位科學(xué)家都大。contribute...tosth/doingsth“為某事/做某事作出貢獻(xiàn)”，to為介詞，后跟名詞或動名詞作賓語。7．Lastyearwasthewarmestyearonrecord,withglobaltemperature0.68average.答案：above句意：去年是有記載以來最暖和的一年，全球氣溫高于平均氣溫0.68度。根據(jù)語境thewarmestyearonrecord可知是比平均氣溫高0.68度。aboveaverage意為“高于平均值”。8．InIndia,forexample,mostpeopletraditionallyeattheirhands.答案：with句意：在印度，大多數(shù)人歷來采用手抓的方式吃飯。with＋人體部位或工具，表示“用……(工具)”。9．Thismeetingroomisanon-smokingarea;Iwouldliketowarnyouadvancethatifyousmokedhereyouwouldbefined.答案：in句意：這個會議室是禁煙區(qū)。我想提前告誡你，如果你吸煙會被罰款的。inadvance“預(yù)先；提前”，固定搭配。10．Haveyoueverheardofthetreesthatarehomesanimalsbothonlandandsea?答案：to句意：你聽說過這些既是陸地動物的棲息地，又是海洋動物的家園的樹木嗎？behometo...“是……的家園或棲息地”。Ⅱ.單句改錯1．AsaChinesehighschoolstudenttograduatethisyear,Isincerelyapplytoachancetostudyinyouruniversity.答案：apply后的to→for句意：作為一名今年即將畢業(yè)的中國高中生，我真誠地申請去你們大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會。applyfor“申請”，故將apply后的to改成for。2．Myunclesaysthatheneverdreamsbecomingrichinashortperiodoftime.答案：dreams后加about/ofdreamabout/ofdoingsth“夢想做某事”。3．Thedictionaryisout-of-date:Manywordshavebeenaddedthelanguagesinceitwaspublished.答案：added后加toadd...to...“把……添加到……”，為固定搭配。4．ManyofthethingswenowbenefitforwouldnotbearoundbutforThomasEdison.答案：第一個for→from句意：如果沒有托馬斯·愛迪生的話，今天我們享用的許多東西都將不存在。benefitfrom“得益于”。5．NowIamleavinghometocollege.答案：to→forleave...for...“離開……去……”，固定搭配。Ⅲ.短文改錯(2021·安徽省天長中學(xué)高三月考)IhadwitnessedatrafficaccidentonhiswayhomefromschoollastFriday.Thetaxiknockedintoacyclingboywhowasridingacrossacrossroadsregardlesstheredlight.Whenthedriverrealizedwhatwashappening,theboywasalreadylyingontheground,bleedandcrying.Fortunately,anambulancecameverysoonbuttookawaytheinjuredboy.Thoughtheboyistoblamingfortheaccident,Ithinkdriversshoulddrivewithmuchcautiouswheneverpassinganyintersections.However,whichmattersmostisthateveryonemustneverignorevarioustrafficregulation.答案：Ieq\o(eq\o(eq\o(had,＼),),\s\do9(①))witnessedatrafficaccidentoneq\o(his,\s\do8(②my/the))wayhomefromschoollastFriday.eq\o(The,\s\do8(③A/One))taxiknockedintoacyclingboywhowasridingacrossacrossroadsregardlesseq\o(∧,\s\do8(④of))theredlight.Whenthedriverrealizedwhatwashappening,theboywasalreadylyingontheground,eq\o(bleed,\s\do8(⑤bleeding))andcrying.Fortunately,anambulancecameverysooneq\o(but,\s\do8(⑥and))tookawaytheinjuredboy.Thoughtheboyistoeq\o(blaming,\s\do8(⑦blame))fortheaccident,Ithinkdriversshoulddrivewit