西方文化概論希臘文化

梁宇Email:liangyuujn@163?comQQ:2467570904TELboutthiscourse■Teachingcontent:westernculture,whichcovershistoricalstories,religion,politics,literature...,fromancientGreektomoderntimes?■Teachingobjectives:■toexpandSs1knowledgeaboutwesternhistoriesandculture.■tocultivateSs’criticalthinking.■27lessonhoursfor4weeks■Teachinglanguage:EnglishandChineseRequirementsforthiscourse■Bepresentforclassesontime.■Ifyoucan’tcome,callme,Qme,emailmeortexttometoaskforleave.■Dontsleepandeatinclass.CourseAssessment■attendance30%■Assignment10%■termpaper60%(anythingaboutwesternculture,morethan1000wordsinChinese)Chapter1AncientGreekCulture■Westernculture,orratherEuropeanandAmericanculture,originatesfromtwoancientcultures:Hellenistic（桑臘的）andtheHebraic（希伯來(lái)的）culture.Greeks-Hellenes■Hellenisticculture-open-mindedandemphasizesrationality.Greatachievements:architecture,mythology,sculpture,democracyandphilosophy.■Hebraicculture-emphasizesvirtueanddisciplinetocultivateuprightanddisciplinedmen.||_|'希臘兩大文明起源CreteIsland克里特島■克諾索斯米諾斯文明(公％前17世紀(jì)-前15世紀(jì)達(dá)到鼎盛時(shí)期)■15世紀(jì)左右神奇消失Mycenae邁錫尼文明-■Peloponnese伯羅奔尼撒東北角■i元W16世紀(jì)以后成為涪臘火陸和愛(ài)琴海地區(qū)的義明中心-阿卡亞人崇拜宙斯和奧林匹斯神族■“庫(kù)克羅比亞”(Cyclopean)建筑■ImportantIDSaiKtuarymackSenThraceMeloshotterSeaof(^retc50____________MediterraneanSeaIonianSeao050100kilometersCycladesVfcQShOb"EuboeaBueotiaG^/；

■CorinthAthensArgos■ArcadiaPELOPONNES?Sparti.■、l.iicotiiarrtmra^FTroyIc$ba$Rhodes古代希借?具愧—空聖羅的城種黑暗時(shí)代■12世紀(jì)末，多利亞人入侵希臘半島，愛(ài)琴海地區(qū)陷入長(zhǎng)達(dá)三個(gè)多世紀(jì)的“黑暗時(shí)代”?！觥坝⑿蹍即?荷馬史詩(shī)及其他英雄傳說(shuō)的形成■HomersEpic荷馬史詩(shī)-Illiad伊利亞特■Odyssey奧德賽■Hesiod赫西奧德■Theogony祌譜舊神譜?卡俄斯(混沌)?、地獄之神塔耳塔羅斯、愛(ài)神厄羅斯、黑夜之神紐克斯、黑暗之神厄瑞玻斯■該亞■天宇之神、海洋之祌蓬托斯■烏蘭諾斯■十:提坦(Titan)神族：、瑞亞、獨(dú)目巨人、百栲巨人.■克洛諾斯(Cronus)取代烏蘭諾斯的統(tǒng)治（鍛新神譜（奧林匹斯神族）阿J赫:雅典娜:阿芙洛狄忒:赫耳墨斯斯（Ares戰(zhàn)神）、赫菲斯托斯Hephaestus3Hebe（靑備女柚），Eileithyia（智慧女祌）（美神）（祌的使苕）.I狄?jiàn)W尼索柯（酒祌），柏耳寐福涅（Persephone四季女神）（Zeus雷電之神），赫拉（Hera天后和婚姻之神），赫斯提亞Hestia（灶神），普路MPoluto（冥王），得墨忒茸（Demeter農(nóng)神），波塞冬（Poseidon海神）（與女祌生下其他神，與人類生下大力英雄）與勒托Leto:阿波羅Apollo、阿爾特彌斯Artemis（月亮女神）與赫拉：冶之神）、與墨提斯與狄俄涅與塞墨勒與墨忒耳*■4hrAncientGreekMythology-majorgodsthegodofgods.，thegodoffire,asohewaspunishedbyZeuswamountainandtheeaglewoulddevourhisliverofmarriage>ptan（巨人）Hestolefirefromheavenforthebenefitofman,sohewaspunishedbyZeuswhochainedhimtoamountainandtheeaglewoulddevourhislivereveryday.Atlast,hewassetfreebyHeracles.,wifeofZeus.SheistheGoddessandchildbirth.,thegodofsea,godofearthquakes,isoftendepictedasapowerful,cold,unsympatheticandvengeful.IAncientGreekMythology-majorgods（哈得斯冥王）,thegodofunderworld.Ramanname--HegotPersephone,daughterofZeusbyforce.（阿波羅，太陽(yáng)神）,thesun-godandgodofmusicandpoetry,sonofZeusanaLeto,Tnestoryoflaurelwreathandsunflowers.knownasDiana,thegoddessofmoon,hunt,chastity（貞潔）?SheisApollo'ssisterthegoddessofwisdomandpatronessofAthens.Shewasoftendepictedasaccompaniedbyanowl.AncientGreekMythology-majorgods,thegoddessofbeautyandlove,betterknownbyherRomannameVenus.godofcreativefireandadivinesmith（鐵匠）.Heisresponsibleformakingarmorandweaponsforthegods.Heislame.HiswifeisAphrodite.,thesonofVenus,betterknownbyhisRomannameCupid.Heisusuallyrepresentedaswingedinfantwhocarriedabowandquiverofarrowsthegodoftravelers,andmerchants.HeisthesonofZeusandMaia.Heisalsothemessengerofthegods.si?"?備拉a斯?tV?霣■K?nX??■*,a鼸，rr巴町iw?>?ua櫞薯斷A人人A欞由雋中幼★欞老章蘄m人*?購(gòu)塔41^01賽n?I**nT4S?H：T?1珀家助1HHMKS斯置丘*1鱒聽(tīng)赫三利飲ft尼霣顯￡龍》1&三女肆?_钃助K1九和mma*tinm?柏Wfc/i1丁1廠nw1K呂！破阿波鬌wiiaw蝌m:f戶?x?*?M0U:ft為電mliSnflt?_K?B庫(kù)克？《斯|giQ巨人n其袓???S?9KJCifFS鬈新-X-?Mi?!?麯掛斯忒钃麻免!mROFlit亞曲憂広IE?!?钃秘斯瑾太1?斟?算托刻敦新I||L

-?助墨隱S懂V塞I?霉**u--宙斯UH醑吒斯???爾珀翮tt?省*4??fin?阿《洛找忒*?M格mnratu?W中汕女門名中和eV*?Wf碑料拉醑MMi曲蠡拉德OfEl廣跚鱗颥陽(yáng)?擇醑KAncientGreekMythology-heroes■wasthesonofZeusandAlcmene.Herasent2snakestokillHeraclesinhiscradle,buttheinfantstrangledthem-■Achilles,sonofTitesandPeleusCauseoftheTrojanwar■GoldappledroppedbyErisattheweepingofPeleusandThetis去蘋果之爭(zhēng)■ParistookawayHellenfromSparta一個(gè)女人引起的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)■LWARRIORSLH.OUSlWiVjLOVH1胞.OUSIHj巍?cu^-rr“/JHel呢困網(wǎng)I/cscj-希臘城邦文化■第一階段：公元前8世紀(jì)到前6低紀(jì)，各城邦海外殖民發(fā)展和城邦內(nèi)部的政治變革■第二階段：公元前6世紀(jì)至前4低紀(jì)，希臘城邦文明的全盛時(shí)期，政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化文化迅猛發(fā)展__■第三階段：公元前4世紀(jì)，希臘城邦文明的袞落階段，城邦失去了獨(dú)立的地位，淪為馬其頓王國(guó)的附庸。希臘城邦文化■希臘半島：底比斯■大希臘：克羅頓尼阿波利斯■伯羅奔尼撒半島：■君主政治_民主政治的邁進(jìn)科林斯古代希借?具愧—空聖羅的城種斯巴達(dá)■戰(zhàn)斗力最強(qiáng)的城邦■沒(méi)有城墻的城市■嚴(yán)明而刻板的法律制度■殘酷的訓(xùn)練■300勇士溫泉關(guān)戰(zhàn)役雅典■希臘文化的典型■西方人的政治楷?，F(xiàn)代民主制的起源■伯里克利Pericles時(shí)代（公元前461-前429年）■公民大會(huì)■五百人會(huì)議■陪審法庭■戲劇哲學(xué)辯論術(shù)等大放異彩雅典人■“我們愛(ài)好美麗的東西，但是沒(méi)有閃此而至于奢侈;我們愛(ài)好智慧，｛li是沒(méi)有因此而柔弱。我們把財(cái)富當(dāng)做可以適當(dāng)利用的東西，而沒(méi)有把它當(dāng)做