從問(wèn)題到程序：CC++程序設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ) 裘宗燕 課后作業(yè)匯總 1-8

--《高級(jí)語(yǔ)言程序設(shè)計(jì)》課后作業(yè)第1章程序設(shè)計(jì)和C/C++語(yǔ)言院系&專業(yè)：______________學(xué)生姓名：____________學(xué)號(hào)：______________填空題：馮·諾依曼體系結(jié)構(gòu)中，計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)由__________________、__________________、存儲(chǔ)器、輸入設(shè)備和輸出設(shè)備組成。計(jì)算機(jī)能夠自動(dòng)地完成各種工作的基礎(chǔ)是________________和________________原理。計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)由_________________和軟件系統(tǒng)兩部分組成。軟件系統(tǒng)一般可分為系統(tǒng)軟件和_____________________兩大類。工業(yè)上把計(jì)算機(jī)的運(yùn)算器和控制器做在一起，稱為_(kāi)________________________。計(jì)算機(jī)的存儲(chǔ)器分為_(kāi)_________________________和____________________（硬盤(pán)、優(yōu)盤(pán)等）。編程語(yǔ)言的發(fā)展可以分為三個(gè)階段：機(jī)器語(yǔ)言、________________和________________按照語(yǔ)言在計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)中的實(shí)現(xiàn)技術(shù)，高級(jí)語(yǔ)言大致可以分為兩種類型：__________和____________C語(yǔ)言的兩個(gè)主要國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是____________和____________。用戶按照C++語(yǔ)言的規(guī)則編輯保存的文件稱為源文件或源程序，擴(kuò)展名為_(kāi)___________。每個(gè)C/C++程序都必須有一個(gè)且只能有一個(gè)______________，程序執(zhí)行時(shí)將從它的第一條語(yǔ)句開(kāi)始，到它結(jié)束為止。C/C++語(yǔ)言源程序經(jīng)過(guò)__________和__________后才能生成________________（擴(kuò)展名為_(kāi)________)。通常人們都用IDE軟件進(jìn)行C/C++語(yǔ)言程序開(kāi)發(fā)工作?！癐DE”的中文含義是：______________________。可用于C/C++語(yǔ)言開(kāi)發(fā)工作的IDE有多種，本課程教學(xué)中使用的免費(fèi)IDE是____________，微軟公司出品的可用于各種編程語(yǔ)言的IDE稱為_(kāi)_______________________編譯源程序時(shí)，如果出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤信息“非法字符'\241'在程序中”，原因是________________________請(qǐng)說(shuō)明下面程序中的每一行代碼的含義：/*簡(jiǎn)單的C++入門(mén)程序*/ ________________________________________#include<iostream> ________________________________________usingnamespacestd; ________________________________________//主函數(shù) ________________________________________intmain() ___________________________________{ ________________________________________ cout<<"勤學(xué)好問(wèn)自強(qiáng)不息"<<endl; ________________________________________ return0; ________________________________________} ________________________________________《高級(jí)語(yǔ)言程序設(shè)計(jì)》課后作業(yè)第2章數(shù)據(jù)與簡(jiǎn)單計(jì)算程序院系&專業(yè)：______________學(xué)生姓名：____________學(xué)號(hào)：______________填空題：在C/C++語(yǔ)言里，要給各種對(duì)象命名以便相互區(qū)分，這些名字叫做____________。標(biāo)識(shí)符可以由____________、____________和下劃線組成，而且第一個(gè)字符必須是____________。（名詞解釋）關(guān)鍵字：___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________C/C++程序中描述計(jì)算過(guò)程的基本單位是語(yǔ)句。語(yǔ)句必須以____________結(jié)束。C/C++語(yǔ)言中的三種基本數(shù)據(jù)類型是____________、____________和____________。用32位二進(jìn)制數(shù)表示帶正負(fù)號(hào)的int類型數(shù)據(jù)的可表示數(shù)據(jù)范圍是－________～＋________。C/C++語(yǔ)言中常用的三種實(shí)數(shù)類型的類型名是____________、____________和longdouble。C/C++語(yǔ)言中最常用的字符類型的類型名是________________在字符串中的特殊字符的換意序列寫(xiě)法：換行符__________，制表符__________，單引號(hào)__________在C/C++語(yǔ)言源程序的語(yǔ)句中寫(xiě)有'a'和"a"，這兩者的區(qū)別是________________________________C/C++語(yǔ)言中的算術(shù)運(yùn)算符共有5個(gè)：________、________、________、________和______。在C++程序中常使用cout<<實(shí)現(xiàn)基本輸出操作。其中cout是_________________，“<<”是______________馮·諾依曼體系結(jié)構(gòu)中，計(jì)算機(jī)內(nèi)部數(shù)據(jù)采用__________進(jìn)制編碼。存儲(chǔ)單位換算：1字節(jié)(Byte)包含__________位(bit)；1MB≈____________KB；1GB≈____________MB。通常用的Windows操作系統(tǒng)按照____________可以分為“32位”和“64位”兩種版本英文字符通常采用的編碼是__________________，其中空格字符的編碼是____________。（名詞解釋）溢出：_______________________________________________________________________在C++語(yǔ)言程序中如果需要使用各種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)數(shù)學(xué)函數(shù)，則源程序中必須寫(xiě)有：#include____________。使用C/C++語(yǔ)言中的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)數(shù)學(xué)函數(shù)，把數(shù)學(xué)公式寫(xiě)成C/C++語(yǔ)言表達(dá)式：

_________________________標(biāo)準(zhǔn)數(shù)學(xué)函數(shù)sin的類型特征說(shuō)明為：doublesin(double)，其含義是：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________簡(jiǎn)答題：1、解釋在對(duì)表達(dá)式5.8+(int)(2.1*3)求值的過(guò)程中發(fā)生的類型轉(zhuǎn)換，并說(shuō)出結(jié)果。答：2、如果一個(gè)由int類型數(shù)據(jù)參與計(jì)算的表達(dá)式（例如2147483647*10）在求值時(shí)出現(xiàn)溢出，怎么解決？答：《高級(jí)語(yǔ)言程序設(shè)計(jì)》課后作業(yè)第3章變量與控制結(jié)構(gòu)院系&專業(yè)：______________學(xué)生姓名：____________學(xué)號(hào)：______________填空題在C/C++程序中，用一對(duì)花括號(hào)把多個(gè)語(yǔ)句括起來(lái)，就構(gòu)成一個(gè)__________________________。變量的基本操作有兩個(gè)：__________________和__________________。關(guān)于變量的定義和使用的原則是：_______________________________________________請(qǐng)寫(xiě)代碼定義一個(gè)int類型的變量n，并初始化為100請(qǐng)寫(xiě)代碼定義一個(gè)char類型的變量ch，并初始化為字符'A'：一般情況下，如果沒(méi)有特殊原因，浮點(diǎn)計(jì)算總是應(yīng)該使用________________類型。通常把名為i、j、k、m、n的變量定義為_(kāi)_______類型，名為x、y、z的變量定義為_(kāi)_________類型。賦值表達(dá)式的返回值是______________________________________________________________請(qǐng)用一條語(yǔ)句定義枚舉型常量BEGIN=10和END=90：____________________________________________________某程序中寫(xiě)有文字行：#definelen20，其含義是：_____________________________________________________________請(qǐng)寫(xiě)出C/C++語(yǔ)言中所有6個(gè)關(guān)系運(yùn)算符：________________________________________________請(qǐng)寫(xiě)出C/C++語(yǔ)言中的所有3個(gè)邏輯運(yùn)算符：________________________寫(xiě)出判斷int類型的變量k是否大于等于0且小于10的邏輯表達(dá)式：_______________________________________程序中已定義變量k和n并賦有初值，然后有如下兩條語(yǔ)句：k++;n=k+5;。請(qǐng)按照增量運(yùn)算符的含義把這兩條語(yǔ)句合并寫(xiě)成已有整型變量k和n，執(zhí)行如下語(yǔ)句：k=2;n=2+++k;之后，n的值為：___________________在C++程序中常使用cin>>實(shí)現(xiàn)基本輸入操作。其中cin是______________，“>>”是_______________程序執(zhí)行的三種基本流程模式是：順序執(zhí)行、____________________和____________________。寫(xiě)一個(gè)條件語(yǔ)句用cout<<輸出變量x的絕對(duì)值：_________________________________________________________在if(…){…}語(yǔ)句中需要利用“整型變量k的值不等于零”作為執(zhí)行條件，請(qǐng)寫(xiě)出兩種寫(xiě)法：（1）_______________________________________________（2）_________________________________________________（選擇題）在switch結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果某個(gè)case分支中沒(méi)有break語(yǔ)句，那么程序在執(zhí)行這個(gè)case分支中的語(yǔ)句序列之后，將會(huì)：(A)執(zhí)行相鄰的下一個(gè)case分支中的語(yǔ)句；(B)結(jié)束switch結(jié)構(gòu)。____do-while()結(jié)構(gòu)與while()結(jié)構(gòu)在執(zhí)行時(shí)的主要區(qū)別是____________________________________________________在循環(huán)體中的break語(yǔ)句的作用是_____________________________________________________________________________當(dāng)無(wú)法事先確定一個(gè)循環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)的循環(huán)次數(shù)時(shí)，可以在循環(huán)體內(nèi)用________________語(yǔ)句退出循環(huán)。如果程序可以正常地通過(guò)編譯，但是運(yùn)行時(shí)結(jié)果有錯(cuò)誤，說(shuō)明程序中含有____________________________在測(cè)試程序時(shí)，選擇合適的測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)的原則是：______________________________________________________________編程題1、寫(xiě)一個(gè)程序，判斷1900~2500年之間的年份哪些是閏年，并輸出閏年的值。#include<iostream>_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2、寫(xiě)一個(gè)程序，判斷-10~1000之間的整數(shù)哪些是質(zhì)數(shù)（注意，按照數(shù)學(xué)定義，只在正整數(shù)才有質(zhì)數(shù)和合數(shù)的概念，所有負(fù)數(shù)都不是質(zhì)數(shù)），輸出各個(gè)質(zhì)數(shù)，并統(tǒng)計(jì)輸出此范圍內(nèi)的質(zhì)數(shù)總個(gè)數(shù)。#include<iostream>_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________《高級(jí)語(yǔ)言程序設(shè)計(jì)》課后作業(yè)第4章基本編程技術(shù)院系&專業(yè)：______________學(xué)生姓名：____________學(xué)號(hào)：______________填空題在編寫(xiě)程序?qū)ふ彝耆椒綌?shù)、水仙花數(shù)或同構(gòu)數(shù)時(shí)可以使用相同的策略，即__________________策略。程序中已在一個(gè)程序片段的前后兩個(gè)位置調(diào)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)庫(kù)中的函數(shù)clock，把該函數(shù)的返回值保存在整型變量t0和t1中，請(qǐng)配合使用符號(hào)常量CLOCKS_PER_SECOND，求出以秒為單位的時(shí)間間隔（保留小數(shù)部分）：____________________________________________________________________________________________使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)庫(kù)中的函數(shù)time獲取當(dāng)前時(shí)間，以此作為種子數(shù)，用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)庫(kù)中的函數(shù)srand設(shè)定隨機(jī)數(shù)種子：________________________在運(yùn)行過(guò)程中需要由用戶輸入數(shù)據(jù)并輸出數(shù)據(jù)給用戶的程序稱為_(kāi)_______________________程序中使用“cin>>”輸入數(shù)據(jù)，當(dāng)用戶輸入非法數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)，提取運(yùn)算符“>>”的返回值為_(kāi)_____程序中有預(yù)處理命令“#include<sstream>”，并有語(yǔ)句“istringstreaminss("10152918");”，程序中有預(yù)處理命令“#include<fstream>”，并有語(yǔ)句“ifstreaminput("data.txt");”，該語(yǔ)句的含義是：____________________________________________________________________在程序中需要輸入字符變量的值時(shí)，可以使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)庫(kù)函數(shù)________________或cin的成員函數(shù)cin.get。從輸入文件流中讀取字符數(shù)據(jù)到int類型變量，如果到達(dá)文件末尾，則變量得到的值為_(kāi)____________標(biāo)準(zhǔn)庫(kù)中有一批字符分類函數(shù)，它們的名稱都以“is”開(kāi)頭，對(duì)滿足條件的字符返回非0值，否則返回0值。其返回值常被作為邏輯值使用，用于控制程序流程。名稱和功能與此類似的函數(shù)被稱為_(kāi)_______________。編程題1、一個(gè)三位的十進(jìn)制整數(shù)，如果它的三個(gè)數(shù)字的立方和等于這個(gè)數(shù)的值，就稱為一個(gè)“水仙花數(shù)”。例如水仙花數(shù)153=13+53+33。寫(xiě)程序找出[100,999]范圍內(nèi)的所有水仙花數(shù)并輸出。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________return0;}2、Fibonacci數(shù)列{Fn}的定義如下：F1=1,F2=1,……Fn=Fn?1+Fn?2(n>2)。請(qǐng)寫(xiě)程序打印輸出Fibonacci的前20項(xiàng)。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________return0;}《高級(jí)語(yǔ)言程序設(shè)計(jì)》課后作業(yè)第5章函數(shù)與變量院系&專業(yè)：______________學(xué)生姓名：____________學(xué)號(hào)：______________一個(gè)函數(shù)定義包括____________和____________兩部分。請(qǐng)指出如下函數(shù)定義（省略號(hào)表示一系列語(yǔ)句）中依次用下劃線標(biāo)出的各部分的含義：doublecalculate(doubler)｛…｝①______________②________③____________④________________當(dāng)一個(gè)函數(shù)具有返回值時(shí)，則通常函數(shù)體內(nèi)至少應(yīng)該有一個(gè)________________語(yǔ)句。當(dāng)所定義的一個(gè)函數(shù)不需要返回值時(shí)，則在函數(shù)頭部寫(xiě)返回值類型的位置寫(xiě)上____________。每個(gè)變量定義都有一個(gè)確定的作用范圍，這個(gè)范圍稱為該變量定義的________________。變量的作用域是由________________________確定的。一個(gè)變量在程序執(zhí)行中從建立到銷毀在復(fù)合語(yǔ)句中定義的變量，其作用域是____________________________________________，根據(jù)它們的作用域這一特點(diǎn)而把它們稱為_(kāi)_______________，這類變量的存在期是__________________________________________，它們?cè)趦?nèi)存中的建立與銷毀都是由系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)執(zhí)行的，由此也把它們稱為_(kāi)_______________。C/C++函數(shù)的值參數(shù)機(jī)制指的是：___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________C++程序中的函數(shù)以引用形式作參數(shù)時(shí)，與值參數(shù)的主要區(qū)別是：___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________函數(shù)的“遞歸調(diào)用”是指________________________________________________________________使用條件表達(dá)式補(bǔ)充完整如下用于計(jì)算整數(shù)的絕對(duì)值的函數(shù)：intabsvalue(intk){return________________________;}補(bǔ)充完整如下用于判斷一個(gè)年份是否為閏年的函數(shù)：intisleapyear(intyear){return________________________________________________________;}外部變量的作用域是____________________________________________________________，存在期是______________________。靜態(tài)局部變量的特點(diǎn)是：_____________________、________________________和________________________。在某函數(shù)中定義一個(gè)int類型的靜態(tài)局部變量seed，則寫(xiě)成：________________________________如果在程序中想把自定義的函數(shù)寫(xiě)在main()函數(shù)下方，則需要在main()之前寫(xiě)上_____________________C/C++程序中，第一個(gè)非空白字符是#的行是_________________命令行。1/2在C++系統(tǒng)中，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)頭文件中的函數(shù)、類、對(duì)象和類模板都是在名字空間std中定義的，為了在程序中方便地使用這些程序?qū)ο螅托枰诔绦蚯懊娌糠謱?xiě)上這條語(yǔ)句：________________________________1/2簡(jiǎn)答題1、局部變量、全局變量和靜態(tài)局部變量在初始化方面有何不同（需按照有無(wú)初始化語(yǔ)句討論）？2、執(zhí)行下面的程序之后，屏幕輸出結(jié)果是什么？請(qǐng)?jiān)敿?xì)說(shuō)明為什么是這個(gè)結(jié)果。#include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;inta=13,b=24;voidfunc(intk1,intk2){cout<<k1+k2<<"\t"<<b;}intmain(){inta=5,b=6;func(a,b);return0;}編程題1、寫(xiě)函數(shù)判斷一個(gè)正整數(shù)n是否為質(zhì)數(shù)。__________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________} __________________________________________________2、使用已有的isprime函數(shù)在小范圍內(nèi) __________________________________________________驗(yàn)證歌德巴赫猜想：對(duì)6到200之間的 __________________________________________________各偶數(shù)找出一種質(zhì)數(shù)分解，即找出兩個(gè) __________________________________________________質(zhì)數(shù)，使它們的和等于這個(gè)偶數(shù)。 }_________________________________________________3、已知有不為零的正整數(shù)m和n，請(qǐng)按照輾轉(zhuǎn)相除法用遞歸方式和循環(huán)方式寫(xiě)出求最大公約數(shù)的函數(shù)。int________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________4、菲波那契數(shù)列的定義是：F1=1,F2=1,……Fn=Fn?1+Fn?2(n>2)；寫(xiě)兩個(gè)函數(shù)，分別用遞歸方式和循環(huán)方式計(jì)算菲波那契數(shù)列的第n項(xiàng)。（如果紙面空間不夠請(qǐng)自寫(xiě)）2/2________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________}_______________________________________ ___________________________________________《高級(jí)語(yǔ)言程序設(shè)計(jì)》課后作業(yè)第6章數(shù)組院系&專業(yè)：______________學(xué)生姓名：____________學(xué)號(hào)：______________填空題請(qǐng)定義一個(gè)名稱為a、長(zhǎng)度為100的int類型的數(shù)組變量：______________________根據(jù)ANSIC的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在定義數(shù)組時(shí)，數(shù)組的大小必須可以________________________________________________。在程序中以如下語(yǔ)句定義了外部數(shù)組：intga[100];，則在程序運(yùn)行時(shí)剛開(kāi)始時(shí)ga[0]的值為_(kāi)_______。在程序中以如下語(yǔ)句定義了局部數(shù)組：inta1[10]={1,2,3};，則程序運(yùn)行時(shí)執(zhí)行完該語(yǔ)句之后，a1[3]的值為_(kāi)_______。已知有數(shù)組intnum[100];，則語(yǔ)句num[100]=0;會(huì)導(dǎo)致運(yùn)行時(shí)出現(xiàn)______________________錯(cuò)誤。在定義以數(shù)組為參數(shù)的函數(shù)時(shí)，通常還需要把________________________也作為函數(shù)的參數(shù)。請(qǐng)定義一個(gè)名稱為s、長(zhǎng)度為100的字符數(shù)組，并初始化為用字符數(shù)組存儲(chǔ)字符串時(shí)，字符串末尾需要加上字符____________用于表示字符串結(jié)束。在定義以字符串為參數(shù)的函數(shù)時(shí)，通常不需要其它參數(shù)用于表示字符串的大小，原因是__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________標(biāo)準(zhǔn)庫(kù)函數(shù)中，可用于求出字符串長(zhǎng)度的函數(shù)是____________________，可用于比較兩個(gè)字符串是否相等的函數(shù)是__________________編程題/簡(jiǎn)答題__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________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