2023屆高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理閱讀技巧-篇章結(jié)構(gòu)（含答案）

2023屆閱讀理閱讀技巧專練:篇章結(jié)構(gòu)

（共5題）

一、閱讀理解題（共5題）

1.Technologicalchangeiseverywhereandaffectseveryaspectoflife,mostlyforthebetter.However,

socialchangesbroughtaboutbynewtechnologyareoftenmistakenforachangeinattitudes.

Anexampleathandistheinvolvementofparentsinthelivesoftheirchildrenwhoareattending

college.Surveys（調(diào)查）onthistopicsuggestthatparentstodaycontinuetobe"very"or"somewhat"

overly-protectiveevenaftertheirchildrenmoveintocollegedormitories.Thesamesurveysalsoindicate

thattherateofparentalinvolvementisgreatertodaythanitwasagenerationago.Thisisusually

interpretedasasignthattoday'sparentsaretryingtomanagetheirchildren'slivespastthepointwhere

thisbehaviorisappropriate.

However;greaterparentalinvolvementdoesnotnecessarilyindicatethatparentsarefailingtoletgo

oftheir"adult"children.

Inthecontext（背景）ofthisdiscussion,itseemsvaluabletofirstfindoutthecauseofchangeinthe

caseofparents'involvementwiththeirgrownchildren.Ifparentsofearliergenerationshadwantedtobe

intouchwiththeircollege-agechildrenfrequently,wouldthishavebeenpossible?Probablynot.Onthe

otherhand,doesthepossibilityoffrequentcommunicationtodaymeanthattheurgetodosowasn't

presentagenerationago?Manystudiesshowthatolderparents—today*sgrandparents—wouldhave

calledtheirchildrenmoreoftenifthemeansandcostofdoingsohadnotbeenabarrier.

Furthermore,studiesshowthatfinancesarethemostfrequentsubjectofcommunicationbetween

parentsandtheircollegechildren.Thefactthatcollegestudentsarefinanciallydependentontheir

parentsisnothingnew;norarerequestsformoremoneytobesentfromhome.Thisphenomenonis

neithergoodnorbad;itisafactofcollegelife,todayandinthepast.

Thankstotheadvancedtechnology,weliveinanageofbettercommunication.Thishasmany

implicationswellbeyondtherolethatparentsseemtoplayinthelivesoftheirchildrenwhohaveleftfor

college.Butitisusefultobearinmindthatallsuchchangescomefromthetechnologyandnotsome

imagineddesirebyparentstokeeptheirchildrenundertheirwings.

（1）Thesurveysinformusof.

A.thedevelopmentoftechnology

B.thechangesofadultchildren'sbehavior

C.theparents*over-protectionoftheircollegechildren

D.themeansandexpensesofstudents'communication

（2）Thewriterbelievesthat.

A.parentstodayaremoreprotectivethanthoseinthepast

B.thedisadvantagesofnewtechnologyoutweighitsadvantages

C.technologyexplainsgreaterinvolvementwiththeirchildren

D.parents'changedattitudesleadtocollegechildren'sdelayedindependence

(3)Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.TechnologyorAttitude

B.DependenceorIndependence

C.FamilyInfluencesorSocialChanges

D.CollegeManagementorCommunicationAdvancement

(4)Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthispassage?

I:introductionP:PointSp:Sub-point(次要點(diǎn))C:conclusion

A.AB.BC.CD.D

2.BradclosedthedoorslowlyasSueIe代hometovisithermother.Expectingawholedaytorelax,he

wasthinkingwhethertoreadthenewspaperorwatchhisfavouriteTVtalkshowonhisfirstdayoffin

months.HThiswillbelikeawalkinthepark,"he'dtoldhiswife."I'lllookafterthekids,andyoucango

visityourmom."

Thingsstartedwell,butjustaftereighto'clock,histhreelittle"goodkids',—Mike,Randy,andAlex-

camedownthestairsintheirnightclothesandshouted"breakfast,daddy."Whenfoodhadnotappeared

withinthirtyseconds,RandybeganusinghisspoononAlex'sheadasifitwereadrum.Alexstartedto

shoutloudlyintimetothebeat.Mikechanted"Where'smytoast,where'smytoast"inthebackground.

Bradrealizedhisnewspaperwouldhavetowaitforafewseconds.

Lifebecameworseafterbreakfast.MikeworeRandy'sunderwearonhishead.Randylockedhimself

inthebathroom,whileAlexshoutedagainbecausehewasgoingtowethispants.Nobodycouldfind

cleansocks,althoughtheywerebeforetheirveryeyes.Someonenamed"NotMe"hadspilledawhole

glassoforangejuiceintothebasketofcleanclothes.Bradknewthetalkshowhadalreadystarted.

Byteno'clock,thingswereoutofcontrol.Alexwaswonderingwhythefishinthejarrefusedhis

breadandbutter.Mikewastryingtoshowoffhistalentbydecoratingthekitchenwallwithhiscolour

pencils.Randy,thankfully,appearedtobereadingquietlyinthefamilyroom,butcloserexamination

showedthathewaseatingapplejamstraightfromthebottlewithhishands.Bradrealisedthatthetalk

showwasoverandreadingwouldbeimpossible.

Atexactly11:17,Bradcalledthedaycarecentre."Isuddenlyhavetogointoworkandmywife'saway.

CanIbringtheboysoverinafewminutes?*'Theanswerwasobviously"yes"becauseBradwassmiling.

(1)Whenhiswifelefthome,Bradexpectedto.

A.gooutforawalkinthepark

B.watchTVtalkshowwithhischildren

C.enjoyhisfirstdayoffwork

D.readthenewspapertohischildren

(2)WhichofthefollowingdidRandydo?

A.Drawingonthewall.B.Eatingapplejam.

C.Feedingthefish.D.Readinginaroom.

(3)WhydidBradaskthedaycarecentreforhelp?

A.Becausehewantedtocleanuphishouse.

B.Becausehesuddenlyhadtogotohisoffice.

C.Becausehefoundithardtomanagehisboys.

D.Becausehehadtotakehiswifebackhome.

(4)Thistextisdeveloped.

A.byspaceB.bycomparisonC.byprocessD.bytime

3.AColourfulPuzzle

Peopleoftenwearclothingwithcoloursthatexpresssomethingaboutthemselves.Ahappyperson

mightchoosetowearabrightyellowshirt.Aswimmermightwearasea-bluedress.

Animalsappearindifferentcolourstoo.buttheydon'tgettopickwhattheyweareverymorning.

Scientistshaveknownforalongtimeaboutsomeofthewaysanimalcolouringcanbebeneficial.They

knowthatsomeanimals'coloursattractmatesorshowwhoisboss.Otheranimals^oloursblend(融合)in

withtheirenvironment;thustheanimalscannotbeseenbytheirenemies.Still,scientistsdonotfully

understandwhybluejaysareblueorwhyrainforestfrogsaregolden.Nowmanyscientistsareworking

hardtofigureoutthepuzzlesofanimalcolours.

Partoftheanswercanbefoundinananimal'shabitat,theplacewhereitlives.Itturnsoutthat

manyanimals—especiallybirds,fish,andreptiles—canseemorecoloursthanhumanscan.These

creaturesnoticecoloursthatstandoutintheirhabitat.Forexample,forestsaremostlygreen,brown,and

yellow.Forananimaltobeseenbyothersofitsspecies,itwouldhavetobeadifferentcolourthanits

background.Thatexplainswhyyoucanfindbirdsofmanyshadesofbluelivinginforests.

Anotherpieceofthepuzzleliesinwhatananimaleats.Birdsofteneatthingsthathavechemicalsin

themcalled"carotenoids"(類葫蘿卜素).Thesechemicalsarewhatmaketomatoesredandbellpeppers

brightorangeoryellow.Whenbirdseatthesefoods,thecarotenoidsaffectthecolouroftheirfeathers.

Forexample,acardinal'sbrightredfeatherswillbecomelighterordarkerdependingonhowmany

berriesithasfoundtoeat.

Someanimalsdonothaveanycolouratall—buttheyarenotjustwhite;theyaretransparent(透明

的)！Transparentanimalslivemostlyintheocean.Thisamazingwonderofnaturecameaboutbecause

theanimalsneededawaytoescapetheirenemies.Theyareoftenslow,defenselesscreaturesthatwould

havenowayoffightingbackiflargeranimalswantedtoeatthem.Becausetherearefewplacestohidein

theocean,thesecreatureshavetohideinplainsight.Agoodexampleofthiskindoftransparentcreature

isthejellyfish.Ajellyfish'sbodyisalmostallwater,soitisveryhardtoseeitfloatingintheocean.

Animalscomeinallkindsofcolours.Theircoloursarecausedbymanydifferentfactors,andmost

animalswillremainthesamecolourfortheirwholelives.Thinkhowluckywearetogettochangeour

featherseveryday!

(1)Whatisthemainideaofthisarticle?

A.Animalsappearinmanydifferentcolours.

B.Animalsareunabletochoosetheircolours.

C.Animals'coloursarecausedbydifferentfactors.

D.Animalsneedcolourstoblendintotheirsurroundings.

(2)Accordingtothepassage,whatisthereasonthatsomeanimalsaretransparent?

A.Itmarkstheplacestheylivein.

B.Itshowstheleaderofthegroup.

C.Ithelpsthemtoescapeenemies.

D.Itallowstheirmatestoseethem.

(3)Itcanbeinferredthatwhyfootballplayerswearuniformsduringagameis.

A.toidentifygroupmembersB.toshowtheirpersonalities

C.todistinguishthegroupleaderD.toblendinwiththeenvironment

(4)Thepassageismainlyorganizedby

A.comparisonsB.explanations

C.orderofeventsD.orderofimportance

4.Iwasneververyneat,whilemyroommateKatewasextremelyorganized.Eachofherobjectshadits

place,butminealwayshidsomewhere.Sheevenlabeled(貼標(biāo)簽)everything.Ialwayslookedfor

everything.Overtime,KategotneaterandIgotmessier.Shewouldpushmydirtyclothingover;andI

wouldlaymybooksonhertidydesk.Webothgottiredofeachother.

Warbrokeoutoneevening.Katecameintotheroom.Soon,Iheardherscreaming,"Takeyourshoes

away!Whyundermybed!"Deafened,Isawmyshoesflyingatme.Ijumpedtomyfeetandstarted

yelling.Sheyelledbacklouder.

Theroomwasfilledwithanger.Wecouldnothavestayedtogetherforasingleminutebutfora

phonecall.Kateansweredit.Fromherendoftheconversation,Icouldtellrightawayhergrandmawas

seriouslyill.Whenshehungup,shequicklycrawled(爬)underhercovers,sobbing.Obviously,thatwas

somethingsheshouldnotgothroughalone.Allofasudden,awarmfeelingofsympathyroseupinmy

heart.

Slowly,Icollectedthepencils,tookbackthebooks,mademybed,cleanedthesocksandsweptthe

floor,evenonherside.IgotsointomyworkthatIevendidn'tnoticeKatehadsatup.Shewaswatching,

hertearsdriedandherexpressiononeofdisbelief.Then,shereachedoutherhandstograspmine.I

lookedupintohereyes.Shesmiledatme."Thanks."

KateandIstayedroommatesfortherestoftheyear.Wedidn'talwaysagree,butwelearnedthekey

tolivingtogether:givingin,cleaningupandholdingon.

(1)WhatmadeKateangryoneevening?

A.Shecouldn'tfindherbooks.

B.Sheheardtheauthorshoutingloud.

C.Shegotthenewsthathergrandmawasill.

D.Shesawtheauthor'sshoesbeneathherbed.

(2)Theauthortidieduptheroommostprobablybecause.

A.shewasscaredbyKate'sanger

B.shehatedherselfforbeingsomessy

C.shewantedtoshowhercare

D.shewasaskedbyKatetodoso

(3)HowisParagraph1mainlydeveloped?

A.Byanalyzingcauses.B.Byshowingdifferences.

C.Bydescribingaprocess.D.Byfollowingtimeorder.

(4)Whatmightbethebesttitleforthestory?

A.MyFriendKateB.HardWorkPaysOff

C.HowtoBeOrganizedD.LearningtoBeRoommates

5.EarlyorLaterDayCare

Manyyoungparentsareconfusedaboutwhethertheirchildrenshouldhaveearlydaycare,and

therehavealwaysbeendifferentviewsonthissubject.

TheBritishpsychoanalystJohnBowlbybelievesthatseparationfromparentsduringthesensitive

"attachment"periodfrombirthtothreemayscarachild'spersonalityandleadtopsychologicalproblems

inlaterlife.SomepeoplehavedrawntheconclusionfromBowlby'sworkthatchildrenshouldnotbe

subjectedtodaycarebeforethreebecauseoftheparentalseparationitcauses,andmanypeopledo

believethis.

AccordingtoBowlby,agreatdealofpsychologicalharmcanoccurwhenyoungchildrenare

separatedfromtheirparents.Iftheyareleftwithouttouchforawhile,theywillhaveahigherstresslevel.

Parents'influenceontheirchildren'swell-beingmayneverbegreaterthanduringtheearliestyearsoflife,

whenachild'sbrainisdevelopingrapidlyandwhennearlyallofherorhisexperiencesareshapedby

parentsandthefamilyenvironment.

However,therearecritics.Someanthropologists(人類學(xué)家)pointoutthattheloveaffairbetween

childrenandparentsfoundinmodernsocietiesdoesnotusuallyexistintraditionalsocieties.Therehas

beenalonghistoryofthefactthatfatherandmotherdidnotbringuptheirchildrenalone.Plato,around

394B.C,arguedthatasystemofearlychildcarewouldfreewomentoparticipateinsociety.Resultsfrom

IsraeliandDutchstudiesshowthatchild-raisingdutiesaremoreevenlydistributedamongabroader

groupofpeople.

Besides,studieshavereportedthatearlydaycarehasaneutralorslightlypositiveeffecton

children'sdevelopment.Theylearnthebenefitsofbeingsociallysmart,understandingtheconceptof

sharingandcaring.Theypromoteconcentrationskills,whichisveryimportantintheirlearning.Thereare

gameswherechildrenaretaughtbasiclanguageandmathematicalskillsthroughstoriesandeveryday

examples.

Commonsensetellsusthatearlydaycarewouldnotbesowidespreadifchildrenhadproblemswith

it.ButBowlby'sanalysisraisesthepossibilitythatithasdelayedeffects.Thepossibilitythatsuchcare

mightleadtomorementalillness15or20yearslatercanonlybeexploredbytheuseofstatistics.

Whateverthelong-termeffects,parentssometimesfindtheimmediateeffectsdifficulttodealwith.

Childrenunderthreedislikeleavingtheirparentsandshowunhappiness.Attheageofthreealmostall

childrenfinditeasytogotothenursery.Thematter,then,isfarfrombeingclearlyknown,though

experienceandavailableevidenceindicatethatearlydaycareisreasonableforyoungchildren.

(1)Thepassagemainlyargueswhether.

A.childrenoverthreewillacceptschooleducation

B.childrenunderthreeshouldbesenttonurseryschools

C.thefamilyrelationshipisdifferentintraditionalsocieties

D.earlydaycareshouldbetotallyreplacedinmodernsocieties

(2)WhichofthefollowingsupportsBowlby'stheory?

A.Earlydaycarewouldn'tbesopopularifithadnegativeeffects.

B.Separationfromparentsforyoungchildreniscommoninhistory.

C.Parentsfindtheimmediateeffectsofearlydaycaredifficulttodealwith.

D.Studiesshowearlydaycarehasapositiveeffectonchildren'sdevelopment.

(3)Theauthor*sattitudetowardsearlydaycareisthat.

A.childrenunderthreeshouldstaywiththeirparents

B.ithaspotentialbenefitsforbothchildrenandparents

C.thebadeffectofitonchildrenwilldisappearastheygrowup

D.itiscontroversialandthesettlementcallsfortheuseofstatistics

(4)Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassage?

C.

D.

答案

一、閱讀理解題(共5題)

1.【答案】

(1)C

(2)C

(3)A

(4)B

【解析】

(1)【文章大意】文章以父母對(duì)于上大學(xué)的成年子女過(guò)度保護(hù)的問(wèn)題為例，提出了科技帶來(lái)的一

些改變?nèi)菀妆徽`認(rèn)為態(tài)度的改變的論點(diǎn)。

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中parentstodaycontinuetobe"very"or"somewhat"overly-protectiveeven

aftertheirchildrenmoveintocollegedormitories.可知調(diào)查顯示現(xiàn)在在某種程度上家長(zhǎng)過(guò)度保護(hù)子女。

(2)推理判斷題。第三段作者提出調(diào)查的結(jié)果并不能理解為現(xiàn)在的家長(zhǎng)對(duì)孩子不放手，接下來(lái)的

兩段作者論述了出現(xiàn)這種結(jié)果的真正原因是科技的發(fā)展使得交流手段更豐富，成本更低廉。最后一

段更是再次強(qiáng)調(diào)了這種觀點(diǎn)。

⑶主旨大意題。由第一段第二句可知這種科技的改變?nèi)菀妆徽`認(rèn)為態(tài)度的改變。第二至五段討

論到底是科技還是態(tài)度的改變。第六段再次明確表示是科技的改變。

⑷文章結(jié)構(gòu)題。文章第一段是introduction,第二段是第一個(gè)論點(diǎn)，指出父母在子女生活中參與

度提高的現(xiàn)象。第三段是第二個(gè)論點(diǎn)(關(guān)鍵詞H