人教版小學英語六年級下冊小學英語語法知識

四川省樂山市馬邊縣四川省樂山市馬邊縣20192019429日小學英語語法學問4種時態(tài)：1ofte〔常?！?never〔從不〕,,表示現(xiàn)在的特征或狀態(tài),表示普遍真理。用動詞原形表示，第三人稱單數(shù)后，動詞要在詞尾加s〔或e，或變y為i再加eIoftengetupat7:00.Heoftengetsupat7:30.2am/is/are加動詞ing形式表示，如:Whatareyoudoing?Iamreadingabook.Whatishedoing?Heissinging.3tomorrownextweeknextyear等,am/is/are加goingto形式表示，如：Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?I’mgoingtorideahorse.用will加動詞原形表示，如：WhatwillyoudonextSunday?Iwillgoshopping.用am/is/are加動詞ingWhataredoingtomorrowI’mgoingbowling.4,如:yesterday,lastnight等,表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或狀況。動詞要用動詞的過去式。如：Whowasfirst?Kenwasfirst.Wherewereyouyesterday?Iwasathome.Whatdidyoudoyesterday?Iwenttoschool.形容詞的比較級和最高級：1、單音節(jié)詞：比較級加er,est.如：tall—taller—thetallest,Heistallerthanhisbrother.Tomisthetallestinhisclass.2more,最高級加themost.如：interesting---------moreinteresting---------themostinteresting,Musicisinterestingsubject.P.E.ismoreinterestingthanmusic..Scienceisthemostinterestingsubject.形容詞變?yōu)楸容^級的變化規(guī)章〔〕一般狀況下，在形容詞的詞尾直接加er。如:tall—tallershort—shorter.(2)e結尾的形容詞，在詞尾直接加r，如：nice—nicer.late—later(3)以重讀閉音節(jié)結尾，且er.如：big—biggerthin—thinnerfat—fatter(4)以輔音字母加y結尾的雙音節(jié)形容詞，先變yi,再加er。如：easy—easierheavy—heavierfunny—funnier〔2、局部形容詞比較級的不規(guī)章變化：goodbetterbetterbad—worsebadly—worsemany—moremuch—morelittle—lessfar—farthering的變化規(guī)律：直接加ing，如：open-opening,clean-cleaning,meet-meeting,sing-singing,study-studying,…去掉詞尾不發(fā)音的etake-taking,close-closing,come-coming,drive-driving,have-having,use-using,write-writing,practice-practicing,…〕重讀閉音節(jié)的，雙寫最終的字母，加ing,如：sit-sitting,put-putting,begin-beginning,get-getting,swim-swimming,run-running,cut-cutting,become-becoming,…主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時一般現(xiàn)在時動詞的變化規(guī)律(與名詞變復數(shù)規(guī)律一樣)1〕scook-cooks,come-comes,close-closes,…2)以o,x,s,sh,ch結尾+es,如:teach-teaches,go-goes,do-does,catch-catches,wash-washes,brush-brushes,miss-misses,…輔音字母加yy改為iworry-worries,carry-carries,…以f或fe結尾，把f或fe，改為v+es.5〕have-has,…家庭、親屬和朋友：姓名、年齡、地址、特點與愛好：與你的關系words: family, grandfather(grandpa/granddad),grandmother(grandma/grandmum),father,mother,brother,sister,uncle,aunt,cousin,friend相關句:1)Ishe/sheToscousin? Yes,he/sheis.No,he/sheist.Who’she/she?He’s/She’smyfriend.Howmanypeoplearethereinyourfamily?Whoarethey?Therearefour,myfather,mymother,mybrotherandme.留意：1〕名詞單復數(shù)，如：family-families;名詞單數(shù)--復數(shù)規(guī)律:〔1〕1〕直接加s，如：boy-boys,term-terms,2)以o,x,s,sh,ch結尾+es,如:box-boxes,class-classes,glass-glasses,coach-coaches,dress-dresses,fax-faxes,inch-inches,match-matches,輔音字母加y結尾，把y改為i，+esbaby-babies,lady-ladies,factory-factories,peach-peaches,library-libraries,watch-watches,ffeffev+es:leaf-leaves,knife-knives,wife-wives,shelf-shelves,…5〕特殊:man-men,policeman-policemen,woman-women,child-children,goose-geese,tooth-teeth,foot-feet,6)不變:hair,milk,tea,coffee,water,bread,rice,paper,juice,meat,people,fish,sheep,…〔2〕名詞全部格，說明是“誰的”如：mycousin’s,hisparents’它的構成規(guī)章：“’Mikesmother.+“Teacher’Da.假設是兩人共有時，只在后者+“’s”,JimandTom’smother.吉姆和湯姆的母親。不是兩者所共有的，兩者都+s”,Jim’sandTom’smother.吉姆母親和湯姆的母親。名詞假設是無生命，全部格構成用of,amapofChina.一幅中國地圖I一般過去時態(tài)定義：表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。“主語+動詞的過去式”用法：表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。Hewashereyesterday.Igotupatsevenyesterdaymorning.Mymotherwasatworkyesterdayafternoon.Didyouhaveagoodtimelastsummer?表示過去常?；蚍磸桶l(fā)生的動作。Mymotheroftenwenttoworkbytaxilastyear.WhenIwasastudent,Ioftenlistenedtomusic.常與一般過去時態(tài)連用的時間有：一般過去式的用法：一般過去式表示過去的動作和狀態(tài)，通常一般過去式帶有表示動作時間狀語的詞，詞組或從句,如yesterday,thedaybeforelast,lastweek,twodaysago等,上下文清楚時可以不帶時間狀語。Iworkedinthatfactorylastyear.去年我在那一家工廠工作。Imethimyesterday.昨天我碰見了他。IwenttotheTianLongMountainyesterday.昨天我們去了天龍山。一般過去式構成：表示一般過去式的動詞通常用動詞的過去式形式來表示，而動詞的過去式是在動詞原形的根底上變化的。動詞的過去式可分為規(guī)章動詞和不規(guī)章動詞。一般過去時的標志詞: lastyear;lastnightyesterday(+morning,afternoon,evening)in+過去時間詞:in1998…II過去式規(guī)章變化動詞詞尾+“ed”。 walk→walked〔走〕need→needed〔需要〕動詞詞尾為“e”“-d”。live→lived〔住〕like→liked〔寵愛〕動詞詞尾為“輔音字母+y”時，去“y”加“ied”，假設是詞尾為“元音字母+y”，只加“ed”。study→studied〔學習〕play→played〔玩?！吃蝿釉~詞尾為重讀閉音節(jié)時，先雙寫該輔音字母再+“ed”stop→stoppedIII過去式規(guī)章變化(一)不變1.cut cut 2.let let 3.put put 4read read 5．mustmust〔二〕改成a1.come came 2.become became3.beginbegan4.drink drank5.have had 6.run ran7. sitsat8.ring rang9.sing sang 10.swim swam11.givegave〔三〕改成ght1.think thought2.fightfought 3.bringbrought4.buybought5.catch caught6.teach taught〔三〕改成t1.keep kept2.sleep slept3.sweepswept4.feel felt5.spend spent6.learn learnt 7.meanmeant〔四〕改成ew1.blow blew 2.know knew 3.grow grew 4.draw drew5.throw threw 6.fly flew〔五〕改成o1.getgot 2.forgetforgot 3.write wrote 4.ride rode 5.drivedrove6.sell sold 7.tell told 8.stand stood 9.understandunderstood1.makemade2.hearheard3.eatate4.meanmeant5.saysaid1.makemade2.hearheard3.eatate4.meanmeant5.saysaid6.findfound7.meetmet8.seesaw9.cancould10.shallshould11.willwould12.maymightgo went 14.see saw 15.wear wore時態(tài)時間標志口訣集錦一般現(xiàn)在時：“總常常有每沒〔美眉^^〕復星周”總：alwaysusually等常常：often有：sometimes〔記住，“有”不是have，而是“有時”〕每：everyweek/month/year等沒：never復星周：onMondays，onTuesdays等一般過去時：“昨天上個XX〔讀作叉叉〕前，in加年份when字連”〔原創(chuàng)〕昨天：yesterday，后面可以加morningafternoon，evening等上個：last，后面可以加weekmonth，year等XX前：ago，前面可以加threeweeks/months/yearsagoin加年份：in2009/2008/1986/1220等，2010前全用一般過去時，2012前就都是過去時了，2012，世界末日？電影看多了。when字連：whenIwasachildwhen一般過去時?！懊魈煜聜€XX后”明天：tomorrow，后面可以加morning，afternoon，evening下個：next，后面可以加week，month，year等XX后：afterin，后面可以加threeweeks/months/yearsafter2hoursin后加時間段表將來，如intwoyears?，F(xiàn)