人教版小學(xué)英語(yǔ)六年級(jí)下冊(cè)小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)

四川省樂(lè)山市馬邊縣四川省樂(lè)山市馬邊縣20192019429日小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)問(wèn)4種時(shí)態(tài)：1ofte〔常常〕,never〔從不〕,,表示現(xiàn)在的特征或狀態(tài),表示普遍真理。用動(dòng)詞原形表示，第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)后，動(dòng)詞要在詞尾加s〔或e，或變y為i再加eIoftengetupat7:00.Heoftengetsupat7:30.2am/is/are加動(dòng)詞ing形式表示，如:Whatareyoudoing?Iamreadingabook.Whatishedoing?Heissinging.3tomorrownextweeknextyear等,am/is/are加goingto形式表示，如：Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?I’mgoingtorideahorse.用will加動(dòng)詞原形表示，如：WhatwillyoudonextSunday?Iwillgoshopping.用am/is/are加動(dòng)詞ingWhataredoingtomorrowI’mgoingbowling.4,如:yesterday,lastnight等,表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀況。動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式。如：Whowasfirst?Kenwasfirst.Wherewereyouyesterday?Iwasathome.Whatdidyoudoyesterday?Iwenttoschool.形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)：1、單音節(jié)詞：比較級(jí)加er,est.如：tall—taller—thetallest,Heistallerthanhisbrother.Tomisthetallestinhisclass.2more,最高級(jí)加themost.如：interesting---------moreinteresting---------themostinteresting,Musicisinterestingsubject.P.E.ismoreinterestingthanmusic..Scienceisthemostinterestingsubject.形容詞變?yōu)楸容^級(jí)的變化規(guī)章〔〕一般狀況下，在形容詞的詞尾直接加er。如:tall—tallershort—shorter.(2)e結(jié)尾的形容詞，在詞尾直接加r，如：nice—nicer.late—later(3)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且er.如：big—biggerthin—thinnerfat—fatter(4)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)形容詞，先變yi,再加er。如：easy—easierheavy—heavierfunny—funnier〔2、局部形容詞比較級(jí)的不規(guī)章變化：goodbetterbetterbad—worsebadly—worsemany—moremuch—morelittle—lessfar—farthering的變化規(guī)律：直接加ing，如：open-opening,clean-cleaning,meet-meeting,sing-singing,study-studying,…去掉詞尾不發(fā)音的etake-taking,close-closing,come-coming,drive-driving,have-having,use-using,write-writing,practice-practicing,…〕重讀閉音節(jié)的，雙寫(xiě)最終的字母，加ing,如：sit-sitting,put-putting,begin-beginning,get-getting,swim-swimming,run-running,cut-cutting,become-becoming,…主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)動(dòng)詞的變化規(guī)律(與名詞變復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)律一樣)1〕scook-cooks,come-comes,close-closes,…2)以o,x,s,sh,ch結(jié)尾+es,如:teach-teaches,go-goes,do-does,catch-catches,wash-washes,brush-brushes,miss-misses,…輔音字母加yy改為iworry-worries,carry-carries,…以f或fe結(jié)尾，把f或fe，改為v+es.5〕have-has,…家庭、親屬和朋友：姓名、年齡、地址、特點(diǎn)與愛(ài)好：與你的關(guān)系words: family, grandfather(grandpa/granddad),grandmother(grandma/grandmum),father,mother,brother,sister,uncle,aunt,cousin,friend相關(guān)句:1)Ishe/sheToscousin? Yes,he/sheis.No,he/sheist.Who’she/she?He’s/She’smyfriend.Howmanypeoplearethereinyourfamily?Whoarethey?Therearefour,myfather,mymother,mybrotherandme.留意：1〕名詞單復(fù)數(shù)，如：family-families;名詞單數(shù)--復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)律:〔1〕1〕直接加s，如：boy-boys,term-terms,2)以o,x,s,sh,ch結(jié)尾+es,如:box-boxes,class-classes,glass-glasses,coach-coaches,dress-dresses,fax-faxes,inch-inches,match-matches,輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，把y改為i，+esbaby-babies,lady-ladies,factory-factories,peach-peaches,library-libraries,watch-watches,ffeffev+es:leaf-leaves,knife-knives,wife-wives,shelf-shelves,…5〕特殊:man-men,policeman-policemen,woman-women,child-children,goose-geese,tooth-teeth,foot-feet,6)不變:hair,milk,tea,coffee,water,bread,rice,paper,juice,meat,people,fish,sheep,…〔2〕名詞全部格，說(shuō)明是“誰(shuí)的”如：mycousin’s,hisparents’它的構(gòu)成規(guī)章：“’Mikesmother.+“Teacher’Da.假設(shè)是兩人共有時(shí)，只在后者+“’s”,JimandTom’smother.吉姆和湯姆的母親。不是兩者所共有的，兩者都+s”,Jim’sandTom’smother.吉姆母親和湯姆的母親。名詞假設(shè)是無(wú)生命，全部格構(gòu)成用of,amapofChina.一幅中國(guó)地圖I一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)定義：表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)?！爸髡Z(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式”用法：表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。Hewashereyesterday.Igotupatsevenyesterdaymorning.Mymotherwasatworkyesterdayafternoon.Didyouhaveagoodtimelastsummer?表示過(guò)去常?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Mymotheroftenwenttoworkbytaxilastyear.WhenIwasastudent,Ioftenlistenedtomusic.常與一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)連用的時(shí)間有：一般過(guò)去式的用法：一般過(guò)去式表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)，通常一般過(guò)去式帶有表示動(dòng)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的詞，詞組或從句,如yesterday,thedaybeforelast,lastweek,twodaysago等,上下文清楚時(shí)可以不帶時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。Iworkedinthatfactorylastyear.去年我在那一家工廠工作。Imethimyesterday.昨天我碰見(jiàn)了他。IwenttotheTianLongMountainyesterday.昨天我們?nèi)チ颂忑埳健Ｒ话氵^(guò)去式構(gòu)成：表示一般過(guò)去式的動(dòng)詞通常用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式形式來(lái)表示，而動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式是在動(dòng)詞原形的根底上變化的。動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式可分為規(guī)章動(dòng)詞和不規(guī)章動(dòng)詞。一般過(guò)去時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞: lastyear;lastnightyesterday(+morning,afternoon,evening)in+過(guò)去時(shí)間詞:in1998…II過(guò)去式規(guī)章變化動(dòng)詞詞尾+“ed”。 walk→walked〔走〕need→needed〔需要〕動(dòng)詞詞尾為“e”“-d”。live→lived〔住〕like→liked〔寵愛(ài)〕動(dòng)詞詞尾為“輔音字母+y”時(shí)，去“y”加“ied”，假設(shè)是詞尾為“元音字母+y”，只加“ed”。study→studied〔學(xué)習(xí)〕play→played〔玩?！吃蝿?dòng)詞詞尾為重讀閉音節(jié)時(shí)，先雙寫(xiě)該輔音字母再+“ed”stop→stoppedIII過(guò)去式規(guī)章變化(一)不變1.cut cut 2.let let 3.put put 4read read 5．mustmust〔二〕改成a1.come came 2.become became3.beginbegan4.drink drank5.have had 6.run ran7. sitsat8.ring rang9.sing sang 10.swim swam11.givegave〔三〕改成ght1.think thought2.fightfought 3.bringbrought4.buybought5.catch caught6.teach taught〔三〕改成t1.keep kept2.sleep slept3.sweepswept4.feel felt5.spend spent6.learn learnt 7.meanmeant〔四〕改成ew1.blow blew 2.know knew 3.grow grew 4.draw drew5.throw threw 6.fly flew〔五〕改成o1.getgot 2.forgetforgot 3.write wrote 4.ride rode 5.drivedrove6.sell sold 7.tell told 8.stand stood 9.understandunderstood1.makemade2.hearheard3.eatate4.meanmeant5.saysaid1.makemade2.hearheard3.eatate4.meanmeant5.saysaid6.findfound7.meetmet8.seesaw9.cancould10.shallshould11.willwould12.maymightgo went 14.see saw 15.wear wore時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)間標(biāo)志口訣集錦一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：“總常常有每沒(méi)〔美眉^^〕復(fù)星周”總：alwaysusually等常常：often有：sometimes〔記住，“有”不是have，而是“有時(shí)”〕每：everyweek/month/year等沒(méi)：never復(fù)星周：onMondays，onTuesdays等一般過(guò)去時(shí)：“昨天上個(gè)XX〔讀作叉叉〕前，in加年份when字連”〔原創(chuàng)〕昨天：yesterday，后面可以加morningafternoon，evening等上個(gè)：last，后面可以加weekmonth，year等XX前：ago，前面可以加threeweeks/months/yearsagoin加年份：in2009/2008/1986/1220等，2010前全用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，2012前就都是過(guò)去時(shí)了，2012，世界末日？電影看多了。when字連：whenIwasachildwhen一般過(guò)去時(shí)。“明天下個(gè)XX后”明天：tomorrow，后面可以加morning，afternoon，evening下個(gè)：next，后面可以加week，month，year等XX后：afterin，后面可以加threeweeks/months/yearsafter2hoursin后加時(shí)間段表將來(lái)，如intwoyears。現(xiàn)