Unit10Ifyougotothepartyyou'llhaveagreattime知識(shí)詳解-英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)上冊(cè)(人教版)

Unit10Ifyougototheparty,you’llhaveagreattime!如果你去參加聚會(huì),你會(huì)玩得很開心單元知識(shí)詳解SectionAIfyougototheparty,you'llhaveagreattime!如果你去參加聚會(huì),你會(huì)玩得很開心！(教材P73標(biāo)題)haveagreattime玩得高興;過(guò)得愉快講其同義表達(dá)有haveagood/nice/wonderfultime、havefun及enjoyoneself.?Ihopeyouhaveagreattimeduringtheholiday.我希望你在假期玩得開心.if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句講本句是含有if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句,主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí),從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái).該知識(shí)點(diǎn)的詳細(xì)講解見本單元語(yǔ)法幫.?Ifyoulovelife,lifewillloveyouback.如果你愛生活,生活也會(huì)愛你.?Ifwedroplitterinapublicplace,we'llbefinedbythepolice.如果我們?cè)诠矆?chǎng)所扔垃圾,我們會(huì)被警察罰款.aclassmeeting一次班會(huì)(教材P742a)meetingn.會(huì)議;集會(huì);會(huì)面講含meeting的常用短語(yǔ):callameeting召集會(huì)議holdameeting舉行會(huì)議haveameeting開會(huì)attendameeting參加會(huì)議sports/parents/classmeeting運(yùn)動(dòng)／家長(zhǎng)／班會(huì)?We'regoingtocallameetingtodiscussit.我們打算召開一次會(huì)議來(lái)討論此事.?Jennywassobusythatshedidn'tattendthemeetingyesterday,珍妮昨天太忙了,沒有參加會(huì)議.?Wehavetoputoffthesportsmeetingbecauseoftheheavyrain.因?yàn)榇笥晡覀儾坏貌煌七t運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì).Halftheclasswon'te.一半的學(xué)生都不會(huì)來(lái).(教材P742b)half的用法講［限定詞］一半halfthetime/price一半時(shí)間／半價(jià)［代詞］一半halfof+名詞／代詞一半的······［名詞］一半,半inhalf分成兩半?Halfofhislandiscoveredwithtrees.他的地有一半長(zhǎng)著樹.?Pleasecuttheappleinhalf.請(qǐng)把這個(gè)蘋果切成兩半.拓＂幾個(gè)半”的表示方法:一個(gè)半oneandahalf+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)one+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＋andahalf幾個(gè)(大于一個(gè))半基數(shù)詞＋andahalf+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)基數(shù)詞＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)＋andahalf?oneandahalfyears=oneyearandahalf一年半?twoandahalfhours=twohoursandahalf兩個(gè)半小時(shí)WhatwillMarkorganize?馬克將會(huì)組織什么?(教材P742b)organizev.組織;籌備講及物動(dòng)詞,其賓語(yǔ)通常為聚會(huì)、活動(dòng)、會(huì)議等.?Besides,Ihaveorganizeddifferentkindsofactivitiesbothinthemiddleschoolandatthecollege.此外,我在中學(xué)和大學(xué)里都組織過(guò)各種各樣的活動(dòng).No,let'sorderfoodfromarestaurant.不用,我們從飯店訂餐吧.(教材P742d)orderv.訂購(gòu);訂貨;點(diǎn)(酒菜等)講常見用法有:ordersth.from...從······訂購(gòu)某物ordersb.sth./ordersth.forsb.為某人訂購(gòu)／點(diǎn)······?I'dliketoorderatakeout,please.請(qǐng)給我來(lái)一份外賣.?Weorderedthekidsextrafries(=orderedextrafriesforthekids).我們又為孩子們點(diǎn)了些薯?xiàng)l.Ifweaskpeopletobringfood,they'lljustbringpotatochipsandchocolatebecausethey'llbetoolazytocook.如果我們讓大家?guī)澄镞^(guò)來(lái),他們只會(huì)帶炸薯?xiàng)l和巧克力,因?yàn)樗麄兲珣辛?不想做飯.(教材P742d)asksb.todosth.要求某人做某事講該結(jié)構(gòu)的否定形式為asksb.nottodosth.＂要求某人不要做某事＂,其中動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ).?Thegovernmentaskspeopletoputtherubbishfromtheirdailylifeindifferentgroups.政府要求人們把日常生活中的垃圾進(jìn)行分類.?Mymotherasksmenottoplayfootballinthestreet.媽媽讓我不要在街上踢足球.拓類似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有:wantsb.todosth.想要某人做某事tellsb.todosth.囑咐某人做某事teachsb.todosth.教某人做某事典例1(德陽(yáng)中考)Motherasksme_______Englisheverymorning.A.readB.toreadC.readingD.notread解析:句意:媽媽要求我每天早上讀英語(yǔ).asksb.todosth.意為＂要求某人做某事”.故選B.IfIgototheparty,theywillbeupset.如果我去參加聚會(huì),他們將會(huì)失望.(教材P753a)upsetadj.難過(guò);失望;沮喪be/feelupsetabout/at/over(doing)sth.為(做)某事而難過(guò)be/feelupsetwithsb.(=beangrywithsb.)生某人的氣?Iwasveryupsetaboutlosingmywallet.我丟了錢包,非常難過(guò).?IamreallyupsetwithSasha.I'mnotsureifIwanttobeherfriend.我真的很生薩沙的氣.我不確定我是否想成為她的朋友.拓［動(dòng)詞］攪亂;使煩惱其過(guò)去式還是upset.?Atfirst,theideaofclearingtablesupsetme.起初,清理桌子的想法使我很煩惱.Canyougivemesomeadviceplease?請(qǐng)你給我一些建議好嗎?(教材P753a)advicen.勸告;建議辨advice與suggestion兩者都可表示“建議”,區(qū)別如下:advice不可數(shù)名詞,表示＂一條建議＂要用apieceofadvice.Iaskedmyteacherforsomeadvice/apieceofadvice.我向老師征求一些建議／一條建議.suggestion可數(shù)名詞,復(fù)數(shù)形式為suggestions.Iaskedmyteacherforsomesuggestions/asuggestion.我向老師征求一些建議／一條建議.拓與advice相關(guān)的一些結(jié)構(gòu):givesb.someadvice給某人一些建議asksb.foradvice向某人征求建議take/followsb.'sadvice采納／聽從某人的建議典例2(2022·福建中考)Betty,you'dbetterfollowthedoctor's_______anddomoreexercise.Iwill.Thankyou.A.adviceB.agreementC.information解析:句意:＂貝蒂,你最好聽從醫(yī)生的,多做一些運(yùn)動(dòng).＂＂我會(huì)的.謝謝.＂advice"建議＂;agreement"同意,協(xié)議＂;information"信息＂.結(jié)合語(yǔ)境及所給選項(xiàng)可知選A.followone'sadvice"聽從某人的建議＂.SectionBtravelaroundtheworld環(huán)游世界(教材P761a)travelv.&n.旅行;游歷講(1)[動(dòng)詞］旅行;游歷其過(guò)去式為traveled或to+地點(diǎn)名詞去某地旅行?Thankstohighspeedtrains,wecantravelinChinamuchmoreconveniently.多虧了高速列車,我們可以更方便地在中國(guó)旅行.諺Readtenthousandbooks;traveltenthousandmiles.讀萬(wàn)卷書,行萬(wàn)里路.(2)[不可數(shù)名詞］旅行;游歷泛指旅行這種活動(dòng).spacetravel太空旅行airtravel航空旅行?Afteryearsoftravel,wedecidedtolivehere.我們旅行多年后,決定住在這里.拓traveler/traveller[可數(shù)名詞］游客,旅行者Ifpeoplehaveproblems,theyshouldkeepthemtothemselves.如果人們有問(wèn)題,他們應(yīng)該把這些問(wèn)題埋在心底.(教材P772b)Keep…tooneself保守秘密?Youshouldnotkeepyourworriestoyourself.你不應(yīng)該把你的煩惱埋在心底.?I'dbegladifyoukeepthenewstoyourself.你要是不把這個(gè)消息說(shuō)出去,我會(huì)很開心的.典例1I'lltellyouonlyifyoupromisenottotellothersaboutit.Theunderlinedphraseinthesentencemeans"________”.A.tokeepittoyourselfB.tokeepingoodhealthC.tokeepyoureyeonit解析:句意:只要你答應(yīng)不告訴別人這件事,我就告訴你.keep...toyourself"保守秘密＂;keepingoodhealth"保持健康＂;keepyoureyeon"監(jiān)視＂.根據(jù)句意可知,＂不告訴別人＂就是＂保守秘密＂,故選A.＂Problemsandworriesarenormalinlife,"saysLaura."生活中有問(wèn)題和煩惱是正常的.＂勞拉說(shuō).(教材P772b)normaladj.正常的;一般的?Itisnormaltofeeltiredaftersuchalongtrip.這樣的長(zhǎng)途旅行之后感到疲勞是正常的.?Asnormalpeople,wecanbringagreatchangetolifebydoingasmallgoodthing.作為普通人,做一件小小的好事,就能給生活帶來(lái)很大的改變.Unlesswetalktosomeone,we'llcertainlyfeelworse.如果我們不找人談?wù)?我們肯定會(huì)感覺更糟糕.(教材P772b)Unlessconj.除非;如果不講引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句,相當(dāng)于if,..not.在含有unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中,若主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí),從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái).?Youwillachievenothingunlessyouworkhard.=Youwillachievenothingifyoudon'tworkhard.如果你不努力,你將一事無(wú)成.?Victorywon'tetomeunlessIgotoit.勝利不會(huì)向我走來(lái),除非我自己走向它.典例2(2022·上海中考)Youwon'thaveabetterviewofthevillage_______youreachthetopofthehill.A.becauseB.unlessC.whenD.if解析:句意:除非你到達(dá)山頂,否則你看不到村莊更好的景色.because"因?yàn)椋?unless"除非;如果不＂;when"當(dāng)·····時(shí)＂;if"如果＂.根據(jù)空處前后意思可知,此處應(yīng)用unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句.故選B.certainlyadv.無(wú)疑;肯定;當(dāng)然;行講通常位于be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后,實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前.?Thisiscertainlythebestplacetoseethecity.這無(wú)疑是看這個(gè)城市的最佳地點(diǎn).?Thegameistoohardforme.Iwillcertainlylose,這場(chǎng)比賽對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)太難了,我輸定了.eon!Youshouldneversaynobeforeyoutry.加油！在你嘗試之前永遠(yuǎn)不要說(shuō)不行.拓certainly可單獨(dú)使用,用于回答問(wèn)題,表示同意或允許.同義詞(組)為ofcourse、sure.?CanIgoalongwithyou?我能和你一起去嗎?Certainly./Ofcourse./Sure.當(dāng)然可以.IfItellmyparents,they'llbeangry!如果我告訴父母,他們會(huì)很生氣！(教材P772b)angryadj.發(fā)怒的;生氣的講常用搭配有:beangrywith/atsb.生某人的氣beangryabout/at/oversth.因某事而生氣?Iwasangrywithhimforkeepingmewaitingforsolong.我很生他的氣,因?yàn)樗屛业攘撕荛L(zhǎng)時(shí)間.?Theteacherwasangryabouthiscarelessness.老師因他的粗心而生氣.典例3(海南中考)LiLei'smother_______himbecausehewentouttoplayintherain.A.wasangrywithB.waspleasedwithC.wasproudof解析:beangrywithsb."生某人的氣＂;bepleasedwithsb."對(duì)某人感到滿意＂;beproudofsb."為某人感到驕傲＂.由＂李雷冒雨出去玩耍＂并結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可判斷,他媽媽生他的氣,故選A.Intheend,shetalkedtoherparentsandtheywerereallyunderstanding.最后,她跟父母談了談,他們非常理解.(教材P772b)understandingadj.善解人意的;體諒人的講其比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)形式分別為moreunderstanding和mostunderstanding.?AlthoughIwastheslowestoneinmyclassinprimaryschool,myparentsandteacherswerelovingandunderstanding.雖然小學(xué)時(shí)我是班里最慢的一個(gè),但我的父母和老師都很慈愛且善解人意.拓(1)understanding[名詞］理解,了解;體諒?Forthefirsttime,Ihadabetterunderstandingofmyself.第一次,我對(duì)自己有了更多的了解.?Wemustdealwiththeproblemwithunderstanding.我們必須以諒解的態(tài)度來(lái)處理這個(gè)問(wèn)題.(2)understand[動(dòng)詞］理解;明白?Idon'tunderstandwhatyou'retalkingabout.我不明白你們?cè)谡務(wù)撌裁?Herdadsaidhesometimesmadecarelessmistakeshimself.Theygotheranewwalletandaskedhertobemorecareful.她爸爸說(shuō)有時(shí)候他自己也會(huì)犯粗心的錯(cuò)誤.他們給她買了一個(gè)新錢包,還讓她更小心一點(diǎn)兒.(教材P772b)carelessadj.粗心的;不小心的carefuladj.小心的;細(xì)致的;精心的;慎重的講careless與careful互為反義詞,兩者的詞根都是名詞care.?Asweallknow,acarelessdriverisalwaysadangertothepublic.眾所周知,粗心的司機(jī)對(duì)公眾來(lái)說(shuō)總是一個(gè)危險(xiǎn).?Youmustbecarefulwhenastrangerasksaboutyourpersonalinformation.當(dāng)陌生人詢問(wèn)你的個(gè)人信息時(shí),你必須小心.語(yǔ)境串記Tomisacarelessboy,andhealwaysdoeshishomeworkverycarelessly.Hedidn'tpasstheexambecauseofhiscarelessness.Theteachertoldhimthathemustbecarefulwhenstudying.湯姆是個(gè)粗心的男駭,他做作業(yè)總是很粗心.由于粗心,他沒通過(guò)考試,老師告訴他學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)必須要細(xì)心.典例4(2022·揚(yáng)州中考)It's_______oftheboytoleavethetaprunning.A.endlessB.homelessC.meaninglessD.careless解析:句意:這個(gè)男孩很粗心,沒關(guān)水龍頭.endless"無(wú)盡的＂;homeless"無(wú)家可歸的＂;meaningless"無(wú)意義的＂;careless"粗心的＂.根據(jù)句意及所給選項(xiàng)可知選D.mistaken.錯(cuò)誤;失誤講常用短語(yǔ)有:makeamistake/makemistakes(in...)(在·····方面)犯錯(cuò)誤bymistake錯(cuò)誤地;無(wú)意中?Goodlearnersarenotafraidofmakingmistakes.好的學(xué)習(xí)者不害怕犯錯(cuò).?I'msorryItookyourdictionarybymistake.對(duì)不起,我誤拿了你的詞典.諺Hewhomakesnomistakesmakesnothing.不犯錯(cuò)誤者一事無(wú)成.拓［動(dòng)詞］誤解;弄錯(cuò)其過(guò)去式為mistook.mistake...for...把······錯(cuò)當(dāng)成······?HemistookMaryforhertwinsisterandthatmadethemlaughalot.他把瑪麗錯(cuò)認(rèn)成她的雙胞胎妹妹,這讓他們開懷大笑.典例5根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思完成英文句子.(2022,十堰中考)瑪麗很粗心,經(jīng)常錯(cuò)誤地拿走別人的家庭作業(yè).Maryissocarelessthatsheoftentakesothers'homework__________.答案:bymistakeRobertHuntadvisesstudentsaboutmonproblems.羅伯特·亨特就一些常見問(wèn)題給學(xué)生們提出建議.(教材P772h)advisev.提出建議;勸告;建議講常見用法有:就······給某人提出建議advisesb.(not)todosth.建議某人(不要)做某事advisedoingsth.建議做某事?Couldyouadvisemeabout/onEnglishlistening?就英語(yǔ)聽力方面,你能給我提些建議嗎??Thedentistadvisesmetobrushmyteeththreetimesaday.牙醫(yī)建議我一天刷三次牙.?IadvisedvisitingourteacherthisSaturday.我建議這周六去看望我們的老師.典例6(2022·宿遷中考)MissLi,canyoutellmehowtoimprovemywritingskills?Certainly.Iadviseyou________adiaryinEnglisheveryday.A.tokeepB.keepingC.keptD.keep解析:句意:＂李老師,你能告訴我怎么提升寫作技能嗎?＂＂當(dāng)然可以,我建議你每天用英語(yǔ)寫日記.＂advisesb.todosth."建議某人做某事＂,故選A.Itisbestnottorunawayfromourproblems.最好不要逃避我們的問(wèn)題.(教材P772b)Itisbest(not)todosth.最好(不要)做某事.講該句式相當(dāng)于＂You'dbetter(not)dosth.".it為形式主語(yǔ),后面的不定式(短語(yǔ))為真正的主語(yǔ).?Itisbesttotakeanumbrellawithyou.=You'dbettertakeanumbrellawithyou,你最好帶把雨傘.?Itisbestnottomakesuchadecision.＝Y(jié)ou'dbetternotmakesuchadecision.你最好不要做這樣的決定.runawayfrom逃避,回避,躲避?Youcan'tjustrunawayfromyourresponsibilities.你不能逃避責(zé)任.拓run的其他相關(guān)短語(yǔ):runthrough快速閱讀runacross/into偶然遇見runoutof用完runafter追趕Weshouldalwaystrytosolvethem.我們應(yīng)該總是盡力去解決它們.(教材P772b)solvev.解決;解答講作動(dòng)詞,通常與problem連用.其名詞形式為solution"解決方法＂.?Mollywashappybecauseshesolvedherproblemallbyherself!莫莉很高興,因?yàn)樗?dú)立解決了她的問(wèn)題！?Brainstormingisthepracticeofingupwithideasorsolutions.頭腦風(fēng)暴是想出主意或解決方法的練習(xí).辨solve與answersolve解決;解答常與problem連用,表示解決難度較大的實(shí)際問(wèn)題.answer回答;答復(fù)常與question連用,表示回答難度較小的問(wèn)題.Hethinksthefirststepistofindsomeoneyoutrusttotalkto.他認(rèn)為第一步是找一個(gè)你信任的人傾訴.(教材P772b)step/step/n.步;步驟,措施講常用表達(dá):takesteps采取措施stepbystep一步一步地,逐步地?What'sthenextstep?下一步做什么??Weshouldtakestepstoprotecttheenvironment.我們應(yīng)該采取措施保護(hù)環(huán)境.?They(Therecipes)offerdetailedinstructionssothatuserscanfollowthemstepbystep.它們(食譜)提供詳細(xì)的說(shuō)明,以便使用者可以逐步遵循.拓［名詞］邁步;步伐;臺(tái)階?Hewalkedawaywithaquicklightstep.他邁著輕快的步子走了.?Jennysatonthestepinfrontofthehouse.珍妮坐在房前的臺(tái)階上.諺Ajourneyofathousandmilesbeginswithasinglestep.千里之行,始于足下.典例7(2022·齊齊哈爾中考改編)CouldyoupleasetellmehowIcanmakemorefriends?Sure.Ithinkbeinghonestisthefirst________.A.stepB.shapeC.service解析:句意:＂請(qǐng)問(wèn)你能告訴我如何結(jié)交更多的朋友嗎?＂＂當(dāng)然可以.我認(rèn)為誠(chéng)實(shí)是第一步.”step"步驟＂;shape"形狀＂;service"服務(wù)＂.根據(jù)句意及所給選項(xiàng)可知選A.trustv.相信;信任講trustsb.信任某人truststh.相信某事?HeisagooddriverandItrusthim.他是個(gè)出色的駕駛員,我信任他.?＂MadeinChina"hasbeecoolandmorepeopletrustChinesebrands."中國(guó)制造＂已經(jīng)變得很酷,信任中國(guó)品牌的人更多了.拓［名詞］信任;信賴?Ifyoukeepsecretsforyourfriends,youcanwintheirtrust.如果你為你的朋友們保守秘密,你就能贏得他們的信任.辨trust與believetrust強(qiáng)調(diào)＂信任,信賴＂,側(cè)重于信任人的品質(zhì)、能力,相當(dāng)于believein.believe表示相信某人所說(shuō)的話(但不一定相信此人).Studentsoftenforgetthattheirparentshavemoreexperience.,.學(xué)生們經(jīng)常忘記他們的父母有更豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn)······(教材P772b)experiencen.經(jīng)驗(yàn);經(jīng)歷講［不可數(shù)名詞］經(jīng)驗(yàn)?Sheisateacherwith21years'experience.她是一位有21年(教學(xué))經(jīng)驗(yàn)的老師.［可數(shù)名詞］經(jīng)歷?Thevisittothemuseumisanunforgettableexperience.此次博物館之行是一次令人難忘的經(jīng)歷.拓［及物動(dòng)詞］經(jīng)歷?Everyoneexperiencestheseproblemsatsometimeintheirlives.每個(gè)人在人生的某個(gè)階段都會(huì)經(jīng)歷這些問(wèn)題.語(yǔ)境串記Myauntisatourguidewithmuchexperience,andshehasexperiencedmanythingsinherwork.Sheoftentellsusherinterestingexperiences.我姑姑是一名非常有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的導(dǎo)游.她在工作中經(jīng)歷了很多事情.她經(jīng)常給我們講述她有趣的經(jīng)歷.典例8(2022·云南中考)MissLihaslotsofteaching_________