外研版（2019）必修 第一冊Unit 5 Into the wild期末復(fù)習(xí)敲重點學(xué)案（含答案）

Unit5Intothewild—2023-2024學(xué)年高一英語外研版（2019）必修第一冊期末復(fù)習(xí)敲重點學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)整合知識目標(biāo)學(xué)會判斷是用關(guān)系副詞還是關(guān)系代詞來引導(dǎo)定語從句能力目標(biāo)能夠區(qū)分先行詞是時間，地點，原因時，是用關(guān)系副詞還是關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定從情感目標(biāo)能夠通過自主學(xué)習(xí)與小組合作學(xué)習(xí)，進(jìn)一步梳理和整合語篇信息，深度思考人類應(yīng)該如何保護(hù)好黑脈金斑蝶思維導(dǎo)圖回顧知識重難知識易混易錯一、定語從句關(guān)系副詞的用法被定語從句修飾的詞叫作先行詞;連接先行詞與從句的詞叫作關(guān)系詞(包括關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞)。關(guān)系詞不僅在先行詞與定語從句之間起連接作用,而且也充當(dāng)定語從句中的一個成分。當(dāng)引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞在從句中作時間、地點、原因狀語時,應(yīng)使用關(guān)系副詞when,where,why。還有一個萬能關(guān)系副詞that。關(guān)系副詞的作用如下：（1）指代表示時間、地點、原因的先行詞;（2）在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分——狀語;（3）起連接作用,把主句和定語從句連接起來1.when的用法when引導(dǎo)定語從句,其先行詞是表示時間的名詞,如time,morning,day,week,month,year等，when在從句中作時間狀語。Istillrememberthedayswhenweswamtogetherintheriver.我仍然記得我們在這條河中一起游泳的日子。Doyouknowthedatewhentheygotmarried?你知道他們結(jié)婚的日期嗎?2.where的用法where引導(dǎo)定語從句,其先行詞往往是表示地點的名詞，如placespot,room,house,school,city等，where在從句中作地點狀語。這里說的“地點”名詞包含著：①具體的地點,如place,house;②抽象的地點,如case,stage,situation,position;③隱性的地點,如news,story等。Doyoustillrememberthewoodswherewefirstmet?你還記得我們第一次見面的那片樹林嗎?Pleasekeepyourthingsinaplacewhereyoucanfindthemeasily.請把你的東西放在容易找到的地方。Ihaveneverseenacasewhereyoucankilltwobirdswithonestone.我從未見過你一石二鳥的例子。友情提示：并非所有的表示“地點”和“時間”的先行詞,后面的定語從句一定要用where和when引導(dǎo)。如果定語從句中缺少主語或賓語,那么,就要用that或which引導(dǎo)。Thisisthehousethat/whichLuXunoncelivedin.(作定語從句的賓語,不用where)這是魯迅曾住過的房子。Doyoustillrememberthedaysthat/whichwespentinthecountryside?(作定語從句的賓語,不用when)你還記得我們在農(nóng)村度過的日子嗎?3.why的用法why引導(dǎo)定語從句,表示原因或理由,其先行詞是reason。why在定語從句中作原因狀語。Isthisthereasonwhyyourefusedme?這就是你拒絕我的理由嗎?Shecamearoundtoexplainthereasonwhyshewasabsentfromthemeeting.她來這兒是為了解釋她缺席這次會議的原因。友情提示：如果reason不是定語從句中事件發(fā)生的原因,定語從句中缺少主語或賓語,這時,要用關(guān)系代詞that或which引導(dǎo)定語從句,不用why。Iwon'tlistentothereasonthat/whichyouhavegivenus.(作定語從句的賓語)我不聽你給我們的那個理由。4.關(guān)系副詞that的用法that是一個多功能詞也可以用作關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾表示時間(time)、地點(place)、原因(reason方式(way)的先行詞。that作關(guān)系副詞時,相當(dāng)于when,where,why,inwhich,而且一般可以省略。(1)表示時間時that相當(dāng)于when或“介詞+which”可省略。Istillrememberthetime(that/when/inwhich)Ihelpedmyfatheronthefarm.我仍然記得在農(nóng)場里幫助我爸爸的歲月。(2)表示地點時that相當(dāng)于where或“介詞+which”可省略。Ihaveneverbeentotheplace(that/where/inwhich)theIndianslive.我從未到過那些印第安人居住的地方。(3)表示原因時that相當(dāng)于why或forwhich可省略。Thereason(that/why/forwhich)helosthislifewaslackofmedicalcare.他的死是由于缺乏醫(yī)療護(hù)理。(4)表示方式時,that相當(dāng)于inwhich,可省略。Canyouworkoutaway(that/inwhich)wecansolvethis關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的選用1.若從句的謂語動詞是及物動詞，后面若無賓語，用關(guān)系代動詞詞；是不及物動詞則用關(guān)系副詞。2.若關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語或賓語，則用關(guān)系代詞;若作狀語，則用關(guān)系副詞（1）Thisisthefactory(that/which)Ivisitedlastyear.(visit是及物動詞，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語)這是我去年參觀過的那家工廠。Thisisthefactorywhereheusedtowork.(work是不及物動詞，關(guān)系副詞在從句中作地點狀語)這是他以前工作過的那家工廠。（2）Isthisthemuseumthat/whichwasbuiltlastyear?(關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語)這就是去年建成的那家博物館嗎?Isthisthemuseumwheretheexhibitionwasheld?這就是舉辦展覽的那家博物館嗎?(關(guān)系副詞在從句中作地點狀語)（3）Isthisthereason(that/which)heexplainedforbeinglate?(關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語)這就是他解釋的遲到的原因嗎?Isthisthereasonwhyhewaslateforclass?(關(guān)系副詞在從句中作原因狀語)這就是他上課遲到的原因嗎?（4）Thisisthehousewheremygrandfatherlived.(關(guān)系副詞在從句中作地點狀語)這是我祖父住過的房子。Thisisthehouse(that/which)mygrandfatherlivedin.(關(guān)系代詞在從句中作介詞賓語)這是我祖父住過的房子。Thisisthehouseinwhichmygrandfatherlived.(關(guān)系代詞在從句中作介詞賓語)這是我祖父住過的房子。Thisisthehouse(that/which)mygrandfatherbuilt.(關(guān)系代詞在從句中作及物動詞的賓語)這是我祖父建造的房子。Thisisthehousethat/whichwasbuiltbymygrandfather.(關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語)這是由我祖父建造的房子。限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句1.限制性定語從句限制性定語從句用來修飾和限制先行詞,與主句的關(guān)系非常密切,不用逗號和主句隔開。它說明先行詞的性質(zhì).身份、特征等狀況;如果去掉,就會影響句子意思的完整。Thedoctorisapersonwholooksafterpeople'shealth.醫(yī)生就是負(fù)責(zé)人們健康的人。ThisistheschoolwhereTomstudied.這就是湯姆學(xué)習(xí)過的學(xué)校。IstillrememberthetimewhenIfirsttraveledbyplane.我仍然記得第一次坐飛機(jī)旅行的時候。Thisisthediamondring(that/which)shereferredto.這就是她提到過的那枚鉆石戒指。2.非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句,顧名思義,就是對先行詞沒有特別限制的定語從句。除了that和why不能引導(dǎo)之外,所有其他關(guān)系詞如who,whom,which,whose,as,when,where等均可引導(dǎo)。(1)非限制性定語從句的特點非限制性定語從句與主句的關(guān)系不像限制性定語從句那樣緊密,只是對先行詞作些附加說明,即使去掉,主句的意思依然清楚完整。它與主句之間通常用逗號分開。翻譯時常常不譯作定語,而是譯成與主句并列的句子,或者狀語從句。LastnightIsawaverygoodfilm,whichwasabouttheSecondWorldWar.昨晚我看了一部非常好的電影,是關(guān)于第二次世界大戰(zhàn)的。Myparentsliveinmyhometown,whichisabout30kilometresfromhere.我的父母住在我的家鄉(xiāng)，離這里大約30千米。Milla,whoisadistantrelativeofmine,studiesintheYaleUniversitynow.米拉是我的一位遠(yuǎn)房親戚,她現(xiàn)在在耶魯大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)。Thehouse,whereamurdercasehappenedlastyear,hasgotalovelygarden.那棟房子有一個漂亮的花園,去年那里發(fā)生過一起謀殺案。(2)非限制性定語從句的使用情況①當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞指代整個主句內(nèi)容時,用非限制性定語從句(用which或as引導(dǎo))。Theboywasbadlyill,whichworriedhisparentsverymuch.那個男孩病得很厲害,這讓他的父母很擔(dān)心。Theheavyrainlastedforhalfamonth,whichcausedtheflood.大雨持續(xù)了半個月,引起了水災(zāi)。Thefilmisveryinstructive,asmostaudiencesay.正如大多數(shù)觀眾所說,這部電影很有教育意義。②當(dāng)先行詞指的是世界上獨一無二的事物或?qū)Ｓ忻~時用非限制性定語從句。Themoon,whichisabout384,400kilometresawayfromtheearth,createsmanybeautifulstories.離地球約384400千米遠(yuǎn)的月球,引發(fā)了很多美好的故事。WeallrespectAlbertEinstein,whoisagreatphysicistintheworld.我們都尊敬阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦,他是世界上偉大的物理學(xué)家。③先行詞指某人的親屬,具有唯一性和確認(rèn)性時，如son,daughter,father,mother,wife等，用非限制性定語從句。Myfather,whoisanexcellentviolinist,isleavingforCanadaforperformances.我爸爸是一名出色的小提琴手。他正準(zhǔn)備去加拿大演出。④當(dāng)引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞前有some/many/few/afew/little/alittle/none/much/most/halfof等時，多用非限制性定語從句。Iknowthreeforeignteachers,twoofwhomarefromCanada.我認(rèn)識三名外國老師,其中兩名來自加拿大。Heearnsonly1,200yuanamonth,halfofwhichisgiventohissonatcollege.他一個月僅賺1200元,其中一半給他上大學(xué)的兒子。ThereistoomuchinformationontheInternet,someofwhichisunreliable.因特網(wǎng)上信息太多,其中一些不可靠。3.限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別區(qū)別限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句與整個句子的關(guān)系密切;若去掉會影響句子意義的完整性松散;只是補(bǔ)充說明,去掉后不影響句子意義的表達(dá)逗號的運用不用逗號一般用逗號that和why可用that或why不可用that或whywhich和who在從句中作賓語時可否省略可省略不可省略whom在從句中作賓語時可否用that或who替代可替代不可替代可否修飾整個句子不可可修飾整個句子,用逗號隔開,由which或as引導(dǎo)翻譯時的區(qū)別常譯作定語常譯為并列句或按狀語從句翻譯4.as與which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別關(guān)系代詞as與which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句,其先行詞都可以是整個主句,指代整個主句的意思。但as和which具有不同的詞義句法和用法。(1)as引導(dǎo)的從句表示說話人的看法、態(tài)度解釋或評論。引導(dǎo)定語從句時,as仍具有“正如,像,由······可知”等意思，翻譯時有時可不必譯出。as引導(dǎo)的定語從句常含有這些動詞:see,know,hear,watch,remember,say,tell,show,expect,guess等。這類動詞與as連用幾乎成了一種固定搭配。as引導(dǎo)的此類從句可以置于句首、句中或句尾。Thereisanetbararoundhere,asIremember.我記得這兒附近有一家網(wǎng)吧。Asisoftenthecase,girlslikedollswhileboyslikeguns.女孩子喜歡玩偶而男孩子喜歡槍,這是常見的情況。(2)which引導(dǎo)的從句對主所敘述的事情進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明表明事物的狀態(tài)或結(jié)果。which此時指前面主所提到的這件事,常譯為“這一點，這件事”等。這時它所引導(dǎo)的從句與主句之間常含有并列因果關(guān)系。注意它引導(dǎo)的從句不像as那樣位置靈活它只能位于主句的后面。Hefoundasolutiontothismystery,which(=andit)madeusallexcited.他找到了此謎的一個解決方案,這讓我們大家都很興奮。Shetoreupmyphotos,which(=andit)upsetme.她撕碎了我的照片,這使我很難過。(3)在從句中作定語或介詞的賓語時要用which。Jennymightcome,inwhichcaseI'llaskher.珍妮可能會來,要是那樣的話我就去問她。Shegraduatedfromalocalmiddleschool,afterwhichshewenttoPekingUniversity.她畢業(yè)于當(dāng)?shù)氐囊凰袑W(xué),之后她去了北京大學(xué)。(4)當(dāng)從句的謂語動詞是否定形式或含著一個復(fù)合賓語時一般用which而不用as。Hepretendednottoknowme,whichIdidn'tunderstand.他假裝不認(rèn)識我,這是我搞不明白的。Headmireseveryoneinhisclass,whichIfindquitestrange.他美慕他班里的每個人,我覺得太奇怪了。練習(xí)：用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞完成下列各句1.Unfortunately,theplanelosttrackoftheairportand________thencrashed.Thesurvivedhadwitnessedthescene.2.Inordertoenrichyourvocabulary,youshouldlearnsomeEnglishidioms,________are"raincatsanddogs","holdyourhorses","killtwobirdswithonestone”andsoon.3.Aphotographer________musthaveanamazingimagination.4.We'llorganizeaseriesofactivities,________areinspiringtochildren'sawarenessartandenablethemtoformgoodqualities.5.Iencounteredaphotographeronthepath,________wassoconcentratedonobservingthebeautifulscenesthatheignoredme.6.Itisunusualtospend70percentoftheaverage________incomeonthehousesyoudon'tneed.7.Onaverage,15percentofthecriminals________aresetfreetendtocommitcrimesagain.8.Afterthecrash,80percentofthepassengers________recoveredfromtheshocksomehowsufferedaslowreaction.答案：1.who/that2.which3.who/that4.which5.who6.which/that7.who/that8.who/that核心素養(yǎng)對接高考一、There'snothinglikehavingabestfriendforever—thatpersonwhoyoucanhavefunwithandtalkto.July30istheInternationalDayofFriendship.Maybeyoucanseektoencounteranewfriend.Andwhilewe'retalkingaboutfriends,don'tthinkhumansaretheonlyoneswhoknowathingortwoaboutfriendship.Checkoutthesefriendlyanimalsinnaturewhohelpeachotherout.Anelephantandanolivebaboon(東非狒狒)canbefriends?Itsoundsamazing,butit'strue.YoucanfindthispairoffriendsinthegrasslandsofAfrica.Thisunusualpaircanhelpeachotheroutlikeanypairofgoodfriendswould.Theelephantusesitsfrontteethtomakeawaterholeinthesand,anditletstheolivebaboonhaveadrinkfromthis"well"whenitgetsthirsty.Inreturn,thebaboontellstheelephantwhendangerisnear.Itclimbsuptothetreetopsandcallsoutsoitsfriendknowsthatit'stimetomoveon.Intheseaworld,thegobyfish(蝦虎魚)andtheshrimparewell-knownfortheirfriendship.Theshrimpprovidesahomeforthegobyfish,whilethegobyfishprovidesaguidanceserviceforthealmostblindshrimp.Yousee,thegobyhasgreateyesight(視力)andstaysclosetotheshrimp.Astheshrimpmovesaround,theshrimpisfeelingthegobywithitsantennae(觸須)fromtimetotimetomakesureit'sstillthere.Ifthegobysensesdanger,itwillreturntothehomeandtheshrimpwillfollow.Thelangur(葉猴)hasaverygoodfriendshipwiththechitaldeer(斑鹿).Whilethelangureatsinatree,itdropsleavestotheground.Thisisgoodforthedeerbecausesometimesthere'snotmuchfood.Thedeerwillfollowthelangurandeatwhateverfoodthatisdropped.Andinreturn,whenthelangurcomesdownfromthetree,thedeerwillstampheavilytotellthelangurifitsensesdanger.1.Howcananelephanthelpanolivebaboon?A.Byprovidingprotection. B.Byprovidingahome.C.Byprovidingwater. D.Byprovidinginformation.2.Whatdoesashrimpdowhenmovingaroundinthesea?A.Itneverswimsfarfromitshome. B.Itgoeshomefromtimetotime.C.Itusesitsantennaefordirections. D.Itstaysclosetothegobyfish.3.Whatdotheolivebaboonandthechitaldeerhaveincommon?A.Theywarntheirfriendsofdanger. B.Theylivetogetherwiththeirfriends.C.Theyhaveagoodsenseofsmell. D.Theyhavegoodeyesight.4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Bestfriendsforever B.FriendshipintheanimalworldC.Loveme,lovemydog D.TheInternationalDayofFriendship二、

Everyanimalsleeps,butthereasonforthishasremainedfoggy.Whenlabratsarenotallowedtosleep,theydiewithinamonth.①________

Oneideaisthatsleephelpsusstrengthennewmemories.

②________Weknowthat,whileawake,freshmemoriesarerecordedbyreinforcing(加強(qiáng))connectionsbetweenbraincells,butthememoryprocessesthattakeplacewhilewesleephavebeenunclear.

Supportisgrowingforatheorythatsleepevolvedsothatconnectionsbetweenneurons(神經(jīng)元)inthebraincanbeweakenedovernight,makingroomforfreshmemoriestoformthenextday.③________

Nowwehavethemostdirectevidenceyetthatheisright.

④________Thesynapsesinthemicetakenattheendofaperiodofsleepwere18percentsmallerthanthosetakenbeforesleep,showingthattheconnectionsbetweenneuronsweakenwhilesleeping.

IfTononi'stheoryisright,itwouldexplainwhy,whenwemissanight’ssleep,wefinditharderthenextdaytoconcentrateandlearnnewinformation—ourbrainsmayhavesmallerroomfornewexperiences.

Theirresearchalsosuggestshowwemaybuildlastingmemoriesovertimeeventhoughthesynapsesbecomethinner.Theteamdiscoveredthatsomesynapsesseemtobeprotectedandstayedthesamesize.

⑤________"Youkeepwhatmatters,"Tononisays.A.

Weshouldalsotrytosleepwellthenightbefore.B.

It'sasifthebrainispreservingitsmostimportantmatters.C.

Similarly,whenpeoplegoforafewdayswithoutsleeping,theygetsick.D.

Theprocessestakeplacetostopourbrainsbecomingloadedwithmemories.E.

That'swhystudentsdobetterintestsiftheygetachancetosleepafterlearning.F.

"Sleepisthepricewepayforlearning,"saysGiulioTononi,whodevelopedtheidea.G.

Tononi'steammeasuredthesizeoftheseconnections,orsynapses,inthebrainsof12mice.三、Thegiantpanda①______(love)bypeoplethroughouttheworld.Chinesescientists②_____(recent)hadachancetostudyawildfemalepandawithanewbornbaby.Shewasavery③_____(care)mother.For25days,sheneverleftherbaby,noteventofindsomething④_____(eat)!Shewouldnotletanyotherpandascomenear.Shelickedthebabyconstantlytokeepitclean.Anysmellmightattractnatural⑤_____(enemy)thatwouldtrytoeatthelittlecomfortingpats.Themotherheldthebabyinherfrontpawsmuchthewayahumandoes.⑥_____itcried,sherockeditbackandforthandgaveitlittlecomfortingpats,Themothercontinuedtocarefortheyoungpanda⑦_(dá)___morethantwoyears.Bythattime,thepandanolongerneeded⑧_____(it)motherforfood.However,itstayedwithherandleanedaboutthewaysoftheforest.Then,aftertwoandahalfyears,themother⑨_____(drive)theyoungpandaaway.Itwastimeforhertohaveanewbaby,⑩_____itwasalsotimefortheyoungpandatobeindependent.答案及解析一、1.答案：C解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Theelephantusesitsfrontteethtomakeawaterhole...whenitgetsthirsty.”可知,大象通過提供水來幫助東非狒狒。2.答案：D解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段