2023年中考英語閱讀理解題解題策略課件

閱讀考查題型及解題方法：主旨大意細節(jié)理解猜測詞義推理判斷知識梳理一、主旨大意題考查學(xué)生對文章主題或中心思想的領(lǐng)會和理解能力。主旨題的題干表現(xiàn)形式有以下幾類：知識梳理1.MainIdea選項形式為陳述句。要求考生選擇表達作者思想、觀點的句子。1.Whatisthemainidea/pointofthispassage？2.Themainideaofthisarticleis______.3.Thispassageismainlyabout______.4.Thetextmainlytalksabout_________________.2.MainTopic選項形式為名詞或名詞詞組。要求考生指出文章的Topic（論題）或Subject（主題），或Title（標題）等。典型問題形式：1.Whatisthemaintopicofthispassage？2.Whatisthemainsubjectofthepassage?3.Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassagemightbe_____.4.Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassageshouldbe________.

5.Thepassagecanbeentitled_________.3.Purpose類型選項形式多為動賓結(jié)構(gòu)。要求考生找到主要的寫作目的。典型問題形式：Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinthepassage?Theauthor'spurposeofwritingthispassageisto_____.

提問方式：

1）問標題

Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage？

Thebesttitleforthepassageis______.知識梳理

提問方式：

2）問中心Thefirstparagraphismainlyaboutthe_____Thepassageismostlyabout______________知識梳理

提問方式：

3）問目的;態(tài)度Theauthorwantstotell____Thepurposeofthisarticleisto____知識梳理容易選錯的干擾項:以偏概全夸大主題把觀點強加給作者知識梳理解題策略找主題句主題句是歸納文章中心的句子，它的出現(xiàn)有三種情況：1、在開頭。主題句在文章開頭，其后的句子則是論證性細節(jié)。新聞報道、說明文、議論文常用此方式。知識梳理解題策略知識梳理文章開頭就說明今天的節(jié)目是關(guān)于音樂的，其后的句子都是圍繞介紹音樂的。從音樂的起源，形式，作用到全世界的受人喜愛音樂，進行逐一說明。知識梳理文章最后一句“Infact,thetrueloveisnotbuiltonfriendship,loyaltyorbloodrelationship.Instead,itisbasedonnorelationship.真正的愛不以友誼、忠誠抑或是血緣關(guān)系為前提，事實上，真正的愛，是無條件的博愛?！本褪窃谇懊婀适碌幕A(chǔ)上的總結(jié)與概括，即文章的主旨。2.在結(jié)尾。知識梳理3.在中間。通常是文章的開頭提出問題，陳述細節(jié)，導(dǎo)出主題句，然后再進一步用細節(jié)說明支持主題句。如：知識梳理Nothingisasusefulasaflashlightonadarknightifatiregoesflat.Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark.Infact,themodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations.Findingsomethinginthebackofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhand.Acamperalsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfirehasbeenout.知識梳理二、細節(jié)理解題本類試題主要考查學(xué)生對閱讀材料中的某一特定細節(jié)或文章的主要事實的理解能力。問題包括詢問人(who)、物(what)、時間(when)、地點(where)、原因(cause)、結(jié)果(effect)、文中的數(shù)據(jù)(data)等。新聞、說明文、廣告信息等常常考查這些細節(jié)。知識梳理解題策略：1）對應(yīng)性2）準確性3）區(qū)分性知識梳理5W1H是非題排序題細節(jié)題的類別間接信息題直接信息題同義替換詞性變換計算題化繁為簡

定位原文如何解答5W1H題？

分析選項尋讀法

讀題1審題（題干、選項）審題：先理解題意?。?！再畫關(guān)鍵詞對于題干就帶有疑問的題目，審題干對于題干沒有直接明確內(nèi)容的題目，重點分別審選項關(guān)鍵詞：數(shù)詞、含有大寫字母的人名、地名、專有名詞等、動詞、名詞、與眾不同的詞（不認識的詞、很長的詞）目的是為了方便找答案！不一定與最后答案有直接關(guān)系。1審題（題干、選項）對于題干就帶有疑問的題目，審題干：eg:1．What’sthefirstanimaltotravelinspace?A．Agoldfish. B．Acat. C．Adog. D．Arabbit.2．WhatistheproblemwithSunshine?A．Shelikesmakingfriends.B．Sheistoostrangeandtooannoying.C．Noonewantstomakefriendswithher.1審題（題干、選項）對于題干沒有直接明確內(nèi)容的題目，分別審選項eg：1．Accordingtothispassage,________.A．dolphinscan’tfeelsadB．dolphinscan’tbehumans’goodfriendsC．dolphinsmayhavefeelingsjustlikehumans2．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A．Therearealotofbushesalongtheway.B．Thewriterusuallywenthomeonfoot.C．Thewriter’sfatherwasverybadtohimanddidn’tlovehimatall.D．Thewriter’sschoolisabouttwokilometersfromhome.2定位（找答案范圍）在文中確定題目中關(guān)鍵詞的位置（邊理解文章邊找關(guān)鍵詞）定位答案的范圍（關(guān)鍵詞所在句或前后幾句）重點是意思要和題目意思匹配，不能只看是否有關(guān)鍵詞！忠實于原文上下文及全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，決不能主觀臆斷。3對比原文和答案作答答案不一定是文中原句（或者選項出現(xiàn)文中原句不一定是對的）！要考慮句子意思是否符合題目要求！避免張冠李戴、斷章取義等情況~分析選項正確項1.同義替換2.詞性變換3.化繁為簡干擾項1.內(nèi)容擴大縮小2.改變時態(tài)，未然當(dāng)已然3.無中生有，主觀臆想4.偷換概念，張冠李戴5.文不對題，答非所問隨堂練習(xí)Q:Dogsstartedtolivewithpeopleabout________yearsago.A．10,000 B．1,000 C．11,000 D．10,100Aboutdogs?Dogsareourgoodfriends.Theystartedlivingwithmenabout10,000yearsago.?Laikia,adog,wasthefirstanimalintheworldtotravelinspace.In1957,thedogwassentintospaceinasatellite.............關(guān)鍵詞所在句隨堂練習(xí)Q:Tolivewiththedolphin,Margaretcouldn’t________.A．cutherhairshort B．wearswimmingclothes C．havealifeasshedidinthepastMargaretHowe,anexperiment(試驗)helper,wouldlivedayandnightwithPeter,adolphin(海豚).Andtheywouldeat,sleepandplaytogetherfromSundaytoFriday,withonlySaturdaysoffforMargaret.Shelivedherlifeinswimmingclothes—withacoatoncolderevenings—andcutherhairshortsothatshecouldgetonwithPetermoreeasily.關(guān)鍵詞后幾句排除法隨堂練習(xí)Q：ThewriterandSam________walkhomeafterschool.A．a(chǎn)lways B．never C．sometimesAfterschool,ItakeSamtobuyanice-cream.Healwaysgivesmesomeofhisice-cream.Iloveice-cream!Thenwesometimeswalkhometogetherortakethebus.Thepeopleonthebusalwayssmileandtellme,“Goodboy!”隨堂練習(xí)Q:Accordingtothepassage,whatmakesthesoupstillhotafteralongtime?①thethickchickenoilonthesurfaceofthesoup②thescholar’swiferunsquicklytothescholar③theearthenpotcankeeptheheatin④thescholarheatsthesoupafterhiswifearrivesA．①② B．③④ C．①③ D．②④Whenshefinallyarrives,sheissurprisedthattheearthenpotisstillhot.Herhusbandissurprised,too.Theyfindtwosecrets(秘密):thereisthickchickenoil(油)onthesurface(表面)ofthesoupandtheearthenpotcankeeptheheatin.Asaresult,thesoupishotanddelicious.結(jié)果答案在關(guān)鍵詞前幾句隨堂練習(xí)Q:What’stherightorder(順序)ofthestory?①Liuboughtrice,oilandsomecups.

②Liufoundacoinandgaveittoapoliceman.③Liutookthethingstocleanersandpolicemen.④AlibabaGrouprewardedLiuwith10,000yuan.A．④③②① B．①③②④ C．②④①③ D．③①④②LiuLin,a6-year-oldboyinChengdu,found0.5yuanandgaveittothepolice.Tothesurpriseoftheboyandhisfamily,AlibabaGrouprewarded(獎勵)him10,000yuan($1,443)forwhathedid........LiuLinwishedtodosomethingforotherswiththemoneyhegot.Hewenttothesupermarketwithhismother,spendingallthemoneybuyingrice,cookingoil(食用油)andsomecups.OnOctober30,Liuandhisparentstookthericeandcookingoilto30streetcleanersand20cupstothepolicemen.隨堂練習(xí)Q:Whatdoesthewriterdoafterhisswimminglesson?A．Hehasbreakfast. B．Hegoesbackhome.C．Hegetshisschoolbagready. D．Hegoestoschool.EveryWednesday,Ihaveaswimminglessonbeforetheschoolstarts.Whentheswimminglessonfinishes,it’susually8:20.Theschoolstartsat8:30.In10minutes,Ican’tgobackhometogetmyschoolbagandwalktoschool.......隨堂練習(xí)Q:Whydoesthewritergotoschoolwithnoschoolbagsometimes?A．Heloses(丟失)it. B．Hedislikesit.C．Heforgetstobringit. D．Hegivesittohisclassmates.Onsomedays,Igetuplate.Ioftenhaveapiece(一塊)ofbread,acupofmilkandgototheswimminglesson.SometimesIonlyremembertobringtheswimmingbag.Aftertheswimminglesson,Igotoschoolwithnoschoolbag.Luckily,myclassmatesareallnicetome.Theyarehappytoshare(分享)everythingwithme.........隨堂練習(xí)Q:Sugargothernamebecauseof________.A．thebumponherleg B．thecolourofherfurC．thecolourofthebump D．thebumponherheadMrandMrsWoodshadacatnamedSugar.Herfurwaswhitelikesugar.Thatwashowshegothername.Thecatwasalovelypet.Shehadabump(腫塊)ononeleg,butMrandMrsWoodsthoughtthatSugarwasjustright........隨堂練習(xí)Q:WhydidDorothy,theLion,theTinWoodmanandtheScarecrowgotothelandofWinkies?A．TheywantedtoseetheGreatOz. B．TheywantedtokilltheWickedWitch.C．TheywantedtohelptheWickedWitch. D．TheywantedtosavetheGreatOz.Finally,Dorothy,theLion,theTinWoodmanandtheScarecrowsawtheGreatOz.ButOzrefusedtohelpthemiftheydidn’tkilltheWickedWitchoftheWestonthelandoftheWinkies.TheyhadtogotothelandoftheWinkies.TheWickedWitchoftheWestwaswatchingthemfromhercastle.Shehadonlyoneeyebutshecouldseeveryfarwithit.Shewasveryangryanddecidedtokillthem.隨堂練習(xí)Q:HowmanytimesdidtheWickedWitchtrytokillDorothy,theLion,theTinWoodmanandtheScarecrow?A．Once. B．Twice. C．Threetimes. D．Fourtimes.Shetookoutasilverwhistleandblewitonce.Wolvescamefromalldirectionsandwenttofindthem.........TheWickedWitchtookhersilverwhistleagainandblewittwice.Thistimebigcrowswithsharpbeakswenttothem........Thewitchwasfurious.Shetookhersilverwhistleagainandblewitoncemore.Thousandsofblackbeesappeared........隨堂練習(xí)Q:Whicharementioned(提及)aboutLewisCarroll?a.Hisjobs.

b.Hisage.

c.Hisworks.

d.Hisfamily.A．a(chǎn)bd B．a(chǎn)cd C．bcd D．a(chǎn)bcLewisCarrollLewisCarrollwasbornin1832inasmalltowninthenorth-westofEngland.HisrealnamewasCharlesLutwidgeDodgson.HewasateacherofMathsatChristChurchCollegebuthedidn’tenjoythisjobverymuch.Inhisfreetimehewrotemanyshortstories.Hisbest-knownwork,Alice’sAdventuresinWonderland,waspublished(出版)in1865.ItwassopopularthatCarrollbecamerichandfamous.Laterin1871hepublishedanother‘Alice’bookcalledAliceThroughTheLookingGlass.Henevermovedawayfromthecollege.In1867hewenttoRussiabutthiswastheonly

timehetravelledtoforeigncountries.HediedinJanuary1898.定根據(jù)畫出的關(guān)鍵詞回到文章中定位比比較文章和選項中的哪個說法一致劃畫出題干的關(guān)鍵詞，明確任務(wù)讀讀題干，了解任務(wù)做題方法:做題忌諱-脫離文章，單憑印象細節(jié)題干擾項特點:1.是原文信息,但不是題目要求的信息2.符合常識,但不是文章內(nèi)容3.與原文內(nèi)容極其相似,只是在程度上有些變動4.部分正確，部分錯誤三、詞義猜測題猜詞題：英語閱讀理解中的一種題型，通常是指根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法或者上下文關(guān)系推斷所給生詞含義的題。知識梳理解題策略:閱讀中碰到生詞時不要著急，耐心地讀下去，文章會幫助你猜出生詞詞義。通過構(gòu)詞法知識分析生詞詞義通過上下文,同義詞，反義詞，生活常識等猜測，尤其是本句話以及前后兩句話，給生詞假設(shè)意思，看是否讀的通。知識梳理猜詞題的出題形式1.Theword“...”inthepassageprobablymeans____.2.Theunderlinedword“...”means____.3.Theunderlinedwordinparagraph3means____.4.Theword“...”refersto____.5.Whatdoestheword“...”mean?6.Theclosemeaningoftheunderlinedword“...”is____.7.Theclosemeaningoftheunderlinedword“...”is____inEnglish.猜詞題的解題方法詞根詞綴法因果關(guān)系法轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系法第一部分詞根詞綴法二前綴名詞后綴：-tion/-ion;-ment;-ship;-ness;-ist;-ity形容詞后綴：-y;;-ly;-ous;-ful;-able;-ive;-ic

后綴rect-正；直-tend延伸

pos-放spir-呼吸sect-切割-dict說詞根Canyouguesstherightmeaning?復(fù)習(xí)

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危險的

不舒適的小試牛刀1.Hesaid,"Englishisclearlyaninternationallanguage,itsohouldbeacceptedbytheworld",butIdisagreewithhim.A.不喜歡B.不接受C.不贊同D.不理解2."Cool"canbeusedtoexpressfeelingsofinterestinalmostanything.

√√第二部分之因果關(guān)系法二因果關(guān)系詞becauseforassinceduetobecauseofnowthatThereasonwhy...isthat+原因表因sothushencethereforeasaresultasaconsequenceleadto+結(jié)果resultin+結(jié)果表果1.Shewantedthetailortotrimhercoatabitbecause

itwastoolong.

2.ItwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitsinonedaysincethePalace

Museumisso

immense

.A.largeB.crowdedC.noisyD.good

3.Sheisashrewedwoman

therefore

sheneverlosesinanyquarrelA.精明的B.傻的C.無可挑剔的D.美麗的.小試牛刀√√√第二部分之轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系法四轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系詞butnotyethoweverwhilewhereasinsteadofunfortunatelyonthecontrary沙場點兵1.Generally,sweetapplesareeatenfreshwhiletartapplesareusedtomakeapplesauce(蘋果醬)。A.小的B.大的C.壞的D.酸的2.Sheisusuallypromptforallherclasses,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.A.ontimeB.lateC.slowlyD.quickly3.Ten-year-oldKatewasanactivegirl,buthersisterwasquitesedate.A.prettyB.calm(冷靜的）C.protective（有保護欲的）D.energetic√√√根據(jù)定義或解釋猜測詞義技巧1Acalendarisalistofthedays,weeks,monthsofaparticularyear.calendar日歷Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.herdsman牧人知