2023年12月四級真題解析

2023-122023-12月真題解析PartIWriting(30minutes)

TheChallengesofLivinginaBigCity【1Withthedevelopmentofeconomyandurbanization,thenumberofcitiesisconstantlyincreasinginChina.2】Whilebigcitiesareattractingmoreandmorepeople,theyalsobringmanychallenges,suchastrafficjamandpollution,justtonameafew.【3】Thefirstproblemthatreallybothersmeisthetrafficcongestionintherushhour.Ihatewaitingforbusesandbeinglate.Therefore,IhavetogetupveryearlyifIhaveanappointmentinthemorning.【4Nextisthatthelargepopulationinabigcitymakesit 5socrowdedthatyoucan”tfindapeacefulplaceunlessstayingathome.Thesupermarketsarealwayscrowded,soarethecinemasandparks.parks.【6】Anotherconsequenceforsuchalargepopulationisthatitintensifiestheinadequacyofqualitymedicalandeducationalresources,thusdecreasingresidents”senseofhappiness.【7】Asaresult,althoughIamfrequentlyaskedwhetherIliketoliveinabigcityornot,myanswerisalwaysno,definitelynot,Howaboutyou?opportunity時機environment環(huán)境話題詞匯:fastpace快節(jié)奏urban城市的unsatisfactory不滿足的pressure壓力health安康leisure消遣lifestyle生活方式PartIIIReadingComprehensionSectionA【詞性分析】:名詞:A)ability力量;才能;E)control掌握;管制;F)damage損害;損害;M)sources來源;根源;O)vehicles交通工具,車輛動詞:B)associated與…相關(guān);聯(lián)系;E)control治理;掌握;抑制;F)damage損害;G)described描繪,描述;Hequals相當于;比得上;)innovated創(chuàng),革;L)relates相聯(lián)系;把…系起來;M)sources來自……;找出…的來源;N)undermine漸漸減弱形容詞:D)constant持續(xù)不斷的;始終如一的副詞:C)consciously有意識地,自覺地;1)exclusively僅僅,唯獨;K)regularly常常;定期地Millionsdieearlyfromairpollutioneachyear.Airpollutioncoststheglobaleconomymorethan$5trillionannuallyinwelfarecosts,withthemostserious26-damage occurringinthedevelopingworld.Thefiguresincludeanumberofcosts 27-associated withairpollution.Lostincomealoneamountsto$225billionayear.diev.死亡，熄滅;n.骰子trillion[?tr?lj?n]n.萬億;adj.萬億的welfare[?welfe?(r)]n. 福利;幸福;富強;清靜alone [??l??n]adj. 單獨的;獨一無二的;單獨的adv. 單獨地;單獨地;孤獨地;只，只有;Thereportincludesbothindoorandoutdoorairpollution.Indoorpollution,whichincludes 28-sources likehomeheatingandcooking,hasremained 29-constant overthepastseveraldecadesdespiteadvancesinthearea.Levelsofoutdoorpollutionhavegrownrapidlyalongwithrapidgrowthinindustryandtransportation.source[srs]n. 根源，根源;源頭，水源;v.來源;起源;尋求來源remain[r??men]n.剩余物，殘骸;剩余;遺跡;v.留下;保持;照舊;擱置;剩余，剩下;逗留constant[?k?nst?nt]adj. 不斷的，持續(xù)的;永恒的，始終如一的;堅決;n.常量;不變的事物TheweatherisaconstanttopicofconversationinBritain.在英國，天氣是交談中永恒的話題。despite[d??spa?t]prep.不管;盡管〔自己〕不情愿;不在乎;n.污辱;憎恨;怨恨;輕視的拒絕或不成認例句：Despitehislackofexperience,hegotthejob.DirectorofInstituteforHealthMetricsandEvaluation〔安康指標與評估爭論所所長〕ChrisMurray30-describeditasan“urgentcalltoaction”action.Oneoftheriskfactorsforprematuredeathsistheairwebreathe,overwhichindividualshavelittle31-control,”hesaid.institute[??nst?tju:t]vt. 建立;制定;開頭;著手n. 協(xié)會;學會;學院;〔教育、專業(yè)等〕機構(gòu)例句：Hethoughtoftryingforapositioninaresearchinstitute. 他想方設(shè)法在一個爭論機關(guān)找個工作.metric[?metr?k]adj. 米制的，公制的healthmetrics安康指標evaluate[??v?ljue?t]v. 評價，估價urgent[??:d??nt]adj. 急迫的;催促的;強求的;竭力主見的例句：Thereisanurgentneedforfoodandwaterpremature[?prem?t??(r)]adj. 過早的;提前的;早產(chǎn)的;草率的Afirecausedtheprematureclosingoftheexhibition. 火災(zāi)迫使展覽會提前完畢.abortionTheeffectsofairpollutionareworstinthedevelopingworld,whereinsomeplaceslost-laborincome32-equalsnearly,1%ofGDP.Around9in10peopleinlow-andmiddle-incomecountriesliveinplaceswherethey33-regularlyexpensivedangerousleversofoutdoorairpollution.labor[”le?b?(r)]n.勞動;勞工;v.努力爭取(for);adj.勞工的，工會的Buttheproblemisnotlimited 34-exlcusivelytothethedevelopingworld.ThousandsdieprematurelyintheU.S.asaresultofrelatedillnesses.InmanyEuropeancountries,wherediesel([?di:zl]柴油) 35-vehicleshavebecomemorecommoninrecentyears,thatnumberreachestensofthousands.splashpetrolFood-as-MedicineMovementIsWitnessingProgress食物即藥物運動正在取得進展Severaltimesamonth,youcanfindadoctorintheaisles(aisle[a?l]n.過道，通道;側(cè)廊)ofRalphsmarketinHuntingtonBeach,California,wearingawhitecoatandhelpingpeoplelearnaboutfood.Ononerecentday,thisdoctorwasDanielNadeau(丹尼爾·那多),wandering(wander[?w?nd?(r)]vt.閑逛,游蕩,閑逛;〔道路或河流〕曲折曲折;〔人的思想等〕)thecereal([?s??ri?l]n.谷物;adj.谷物的)aislewithAllisonScott〔艾莉森·斯科特〕,givinghersomeideaonhowtofeedkidswhopersistently(adv.堅持地;固執(zhí)地)avoidanythingapplesarealittleapplesarealittlecheaper,andfruitsarereallygoodforthebrain.Juicesarequickandeasytoprepare;youcantakethefrozenfruitoutthenightbeforeandhaveitreadythenextmorning.”“Haveyouthoughtabouttryingfreshjuicesinthemorning?”heasksher.“Thefrozenorangesandtogetfoodadvicefroma[f醫(yī)生，內(nèi)科醫(yī)生)ofthenearbyMaryandDickAllenDiabetesCenter(瑪麗&迪克·),partoftheSt.JosephHoagDocprogramsendsdoctorstothegrocerystoretomeetwithanypatientswhosignupfor(注冊，報名參與)theserviceplusanyothershopperswhohappentobearoundwithquestions.shoppingcart([kɑ:t]手推車)andsuggestssheswitchtowholegrain(谷物，糧食)macaroniandrealshoppingcart([kɑ:t]手推車)andsuggestssheswitchtowholegrain(谷物，糧食)macaroniandrealcheese. “SoI”dhavetomakeit?“sheasks,herenthusiasmfading[fe?d]v.(;漸漸消逝)atthethoughtofhowlongthatmighttake,justtohaveherkidsreject([r??d?ekt]vt.拒絕;拋棄，扔掉;排斥;吐出或嘔吐;)it.“I’mnotsurethey’deatit.Theyjustwon”teatit.”Nadeausayssugarandprocessedfoodsarebigcontributorstotherisingdiabetesratesamongchildren.“InAmerica,over50percentofourfoodisprocessedfood,”Nadeautellsher.“Andonly5percentofourfoodisE)Nadeauispartofasmallrevolution([?rev??lu:?n]n.革命;徹底轉(zhuǎn)變)developingacrossCalifornia.Thefood-as-medicinemovementhasbeenaroundfordecades,butit”smakingprogressasphysiciansandmedicalinstitutionsmakefoodaformalpartoftreatment,ratherthanrelyingsolely([?s??lli]adv.唯一地;僅僅;獨一無二地)onmedications藥物).yg([nE)Nadeauispartofasmallrevolution([?rev??lu:?n]n.革命;徹底轉(zhuǎn)變)developingacrossCalifornia.Thefood-as-medicinemovementhasbeenaroundfordecades,butit”smakingprogressasphysiciansandmedicalinstitutionsmakefoodaformalpartoftreatment,ratherthanrelyingsolely([?s??lli]adv.唯一地;僅僅;獨一無二地)onmedications藥物).yg([n養(yǎng)分的)sorgsuchas”ShopwithYourDoc’,theyaretryingtoprevent,limitorevenreversediseasebychangingwhatpatientseat.“There’snoquestionpeoplecantakethingsalongwaytoward(可以取得很大進步)reversingdiabetes,reversinghighbloodpressure,evenpreventingcancer,byfoodchoices,”Nadeausays.nthege從大局來看,s.d,Oandtof.hg,medicalstju.機構(gòu);acrosstheearegtomakeaphilosophical〔[?f?l??s?f?kl]adj.哲學上的〕switchtobecomingahealthorganization,notjustahealthcareorganization.Thatfeelingechoes〔[?ek??]n.回聲，共鳴〕thebeliefsoftheTherapeuticFoodPantryprogram〔[?θer?pju:k]p?ntri] 治療性食物貯存室工程〕atgnoll扎克伯格舊金山綜合醫(yī)院,間;普及…地域;adv.處處;始終;在全部方面〕thecity.Theprogramwillofferpatientsseveralbagsoffooddfortheir,alongh〔ntenv]adjtrainingnwtok間;普及…地域;adv.處處;始終;在全部方面〕thecity.Theprogramwillofferpatientsseveralbagsoffooddfortheir,alongh〔ntenv]adjtrainingnwtok“Wereallywanttolinkfoodandmedicine,andnotjustgiveawayfood,”saysDr.RitaNguyen,thehospital”sunderstandwhatthey’reeating,howtoprepareit,therolefoodplaysintheirlives.”emerges:thatthesalt,sugar,fatandprocessedfoodsintheAmericandietcontributetothenation”shighratesofobesity,diabetesandheartdisease.AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization,80percentofdeathsfromhearteand〔[st?中風〕aredyhd,tobacco,dl 膽固醇〕andlowconsumptionoffruitsandvegetables.InSouthernCalifornia,LomaLindaUniversitySchoolofMedicine〔洛馬·琳達大學醫(yī)學院〕isofferingspecializedtrainingemerges:thatthesalt,sugar,fatandprocessedfoodsintheAmericandietcontributetothenation”shighratesofobesity,diabetesandheartdisease.AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization,80percentofdeathsfromhearteand〔[st?中風〕aredyhd,tobacco,dl 膽固醇〕andlowconsumptionoffruitsandvegetables.“satparadig([?p?r?da?m范式)ofwtotreat,s.aa布倫達雷,helpsrunthefamilyandpreventive〔[pr??vent?v]n.預(yù)防;adj.預(yù)防的〕medicineresidencyprogramatLomaLindaUniversitySchoolofMedicine.Thelifestylemedicinespecialtyisdesignedtotraindoctorsinhowtopreventandtreatdisease,inpart,bychangingpatients”nutritionalhabits.ThemedicalcenterandschoolatLomaLindaalsohasafoodcupboard〔[?k?b?d]n.櫥柜;衣柜;食物柜;壁櫥〕andkitchenforpatients.Thisway,patientsnotonlylearnaboutwhichfoodstobuy,butalsohowtopreparethemathome.dependingonpackagedfoodwithhighsaltandsugarcontent.Soteachingpeopleaboutwhichfoodsarehealthyandhowtodependingonpackagedfoodwithhighsaltandsugarcontent.Soteachingpeopleaboutwhichfoodsarehealthyandhowtopreparethem,shesays,canactuallytransform〔[tr?ns?f?:m]vt.轉(zhuǎn)變;改觀;變換〕apatient”slife.Andbeyondthat,itmighttransformthehealthandlivesofthatpatientsfamily.“Whatpeopleeatcanbemedicineorpoison,”Reasays.“Asaphysician,nutritionisoneofthemostpowerfulthingsyoucanchangetoreversetheeffectsoflong-termdisease”.Studieshaveexploredevidencethatdietarychangescanslowinflammation([??nfl??me??n]炎癥),forexample,[??nh??sp?t?bl]adj.;不適于居住的〕tocancercells.Ingeneral,manylifestylemedicinephysiciansrecommendaplant-baseddiet--particularlyforpeoplewithdiabetesorotherinflammatoryconditions.“Aswhathappenedwithtobacco,thiswillrequireaculturalshift,butthatcanhappen,”saysNguyen.“Inthesamewayphysiciansusedtosmoke,andthenstoppedsmokingandwereabletotalktopatientsaboutit,Ithinkphysicianscanhaveabiggervoice〔有發(fā)言權(quán)〕init.”MorethanhalfofthefoodAmericanseatisfactory-produced.Thereisaspecialprogramthatassignsdoctorstogiveadvicetoshoppersinfoodstores.assign[??sa?n]vt. 分派，指定，選派〔某人某物);歸于，歸屬;[]把〔財產(chǎn)，權(quán)利、利息〕讓給另一人Thetwolargeroomshavebeenassignedtous.=wehavebeenassignedtwolargerooms.Assignsthtosb=assignsbsthThey’veassignedtheirbestmantothejob.Assignment(安排)任務(wù)；工作Thereisgrowingevidencefromresearchthatfoodhelpspatientsrecoverfromvariousillnesses.recover[r??k?v?(r)]vt. 恢復(fù);重獲得;找回；恢復(fù)安康〔體力、力量等〕recoverfrom從…收回[取回];恢復(fù)，痊愈例句：Shereturnedtoherfamilyhometorecoverfromanillness.Ahealthybreakfastcanbepreparedquicklyandeasily.Trainingapatienttopreparehealthyfoodcanchangetheirlife.Onefood-as-medicineprogramnotonlyprescribesfoodfortreatmentbutteachespatientshowtocookit.prescribe [pr??skra?b] vt. 指定，規(guī)定;指定，規(guī)定;開處方Scottisnotkeenoncookingfoodherself,thinkingitwouldsimplybeawasteoftime.Diabetes([?da???bi:ti:z]糖尿病)patientsareadvisedtoeatmoreplant-based(植物性)food.Usingfoodasmedicineisnonovel([?n?vl]adj.穎的;特別的)idea,butthemovementismakingheadway(n. 前進;進展)thesedays.Americans”highratesofvariousillnessesresultfromthewaytheyeat.resultfrom產(chǎn)生于…,由…引起例句：Manyhairproblemsresultfromwhatyoueat.resultin引起，導(dǎo)致，以…為結(jié)局例句：Excessivedosageofthisdrugcanresultininjurytotheliver.PassageoneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Californiahasbeenfacingadrought([dra?t]n.〔時期;旱災(zāi))formanyyearsnow,withcertainareasevenhavingtopump([p?mp]用抽水機汲水;用泵〔或泵樣器官等〕輸送;)freshwaterhundredsofmilestotheirdistribution([?d?str??bju:?n]n.安排，分布)system.Theproblemisgrowingasthepopulationofthestatecontinuestoexpand.Newresearchhasfounddeepwaterreservesunderthestatewhichcouldhelpsolvetheirdroughtcrisis.Previousdrilling〔drill[dr?l]n鉆頭;軍事訓(xùn)練;v.鉆〔孔〕;打〔眼〕;操練〕ofwellscouldonlyreachdepthsof1,000feet,butduetonewpumping〔pump[p?mp]n.泵;打氣筒;v.用抽水機汲水;給…打氣;用泵〕practices,waterdeeperthanthiscannowbeextracted([?ekstr?kt]v.抽取).TheteamatStanfordinvestigatedtheaquifers([??kw?f?(r)]地下蓄水層)belowthisdepthandfoundthatreservesmaybetriplewhatwaspreviouslythought.Itisprofitabletodrilltodepthsmorethan1,000feetforoilandgasextraction,butonlyrecentlyinCaliforniahasitbecomeprofitabletopumpwaterfromthisdepth.Theaquifersrangefrom1,000to3,000feetbelowtheground,whichmeansthatpumpingwillbeexpensiveandthereareotherconcerns.Thebiggestconcernofpumpingoutwaterfromthisdeepisthegradualsettlingdownofthelandsurface.Asthewaterispumpedout,thevacant([?ve?k?nt]adj.空閑的;空缺的;空虛的)spaceleftiscompacted([k?m?p?kt]v.壓緊;把…弄嚴密，把…弄結(jié)實;使〔文體〕簡潔adj. 緊湊的;簡潔的，)bytheweightoftheearthabove.Eventhoughpumpingfromthesedepthsisexpensive,itisstillcheaperthandesalinatin(g[?di:?s?l??ne??n]脫鹽)theoceanwaterinthelargelycoastalstate.Somedesalinationplantsexistwherefeasible([?fi:z?bl]adj. 可行的;可用的;可實行的),buttheyarecostlytorunandcanneedconstantrepairs.Wellsaremuchmorereliablesourcesoffreshwater,andCaliforniaishopingthatthesedeepwellsmaybetheanswertotheirseverewatershortage.Oneproblemwiththesesourcesisthatthedeepwateralsohasahigherlevelofsaltthanshalloweraquifers.Thismeansthatsomewellsmayevenneedtoundergo([??nd??g??]vt.經(jīng)受，閱歷;患病)desalinationafterextraction,thusincreasingthecost.Researchfromtheexhaustivestudyofgroundwaterfromover950drillinglogshasjustbeenpublished.Newestimatesofthewaterreservesnowgoupto2,700billioncubic([?kju:b?k]adj.立方體的)metersoffreshwater.HowcouldCalifornia”sdrought〔[dra?t]n.旱季;干旱〕crisisbesolvedaccordingtosomeresearchers?B)BydrawingwaterfromthedepthsB)Bydrawingwaterfromthedepthsoftheearth.Bydevelopingmoreadvanceddrillingdevices. drill[dr?l]n. 操練;鉆頭;v鉆〔孔〕;打〔眼〕;操練Byupgradingitswaterdistributionsystem.提升;使〔機器、計算機系統(tǒng)等〕升級;提高〔設(shè)施、效勞等的〕檔次;提高〔飛機乘客、旅館住客等〕的待遇gr]v. 使降低;使降職;貶低;低估advance[?d?vɑ:ns]adj. 預(yù)先的;vt.〔使〕前進;將…提前Itisagoodideatoplaceyourorderwellinadvance.Toomuchprotein[?pr??ti:n]inthedietmayadvance/acceleratetheageingprocess. 飲食中攝入過量蛋白質(zhì)可能會加速年輕。Whatnedaboutg〔[?ks”tr?kt??]n萃取，抽取〕rfrompaquifers〔f(r)]n.地下蓄水層〕?A)Itwasdeemedvitaltosolvingthewaterproblem.deem[di:m]vt. 認為，視為;主見(正式用詞，常用于法律、文學，強調(diào)作推斷而不是思考)Wedeemitnecessarytomakethiscleartoyou.B)ItB)Itwasnotconsideredworththeexpense.Itmaynotprovidequalityfreshwater.Itisboundtogainsupportfromthelocalpeople.bound[ba?nd]n. 界限;躍起;〔球等的〕反跳;v.彈跳;限制;接壤;給…劃界，限制;adj. 用帶子綁住的;有義務(wù)的;裝訂的Whatismentionedasaconsequenceofextractingwaterfromdeepunderground?A)Thesinkingoflandsurface.sink[s??k]v. 漂浮;下落A)Thesinkingoflandsurface.C)Thedamagetoaquifers.B)Theharmtotheecosystem.D)Thechangeoftheclimate.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutdeepwells?Theyrunwithoutanyneedforrepairs.Theyareentirelyfreefrompollutants.entirely[?n?ta??li]adv. 完全地;完整地;全部地;徹底地pollutant[p??lu:t?nt]n. 污染物 polluteultimate[??lt?m?t]adj. 最終的;極限的;首要的;最大的n. 終極;頂點;根本原理;根本領(lǐng)實intimate[??nt?m?t]adj. 親切的，親近的n. 至交;密友;Theultimateaimistoexpandthenetworkfurther.Thishotelistheultimateinluxury.Theyaretheultimatesolutiontodroughts.D)D)Theyprovideasteadysupplyoffreshwater.vt. 使穩(wěn)定，使堅決

steady[?stedi]adj. 穩(wěn)定的，不變的;冷靜的，冷靜的;堅決的Whatmayhappenwhendeepaquifersareusedaswatersources?People”shealthmayimprovewithcleanerwater.People”swaterbillsmaybeloweredconsiderably.considerate considerableThecostmaygoupduetodesalination.Theymaybeexhaustedsoonerorlater. exhaust[?g?z?:st]vt. 用完，耗盡;使精疲力盡;排出;徹底探討PassageTwoTheAlphaGoprogram”svictoryisanexampleofhowsmartcomputershavebecome.Butcanartificialintelligence(AI)machinesactethically([?eθ?kl]adj.倫理學的;道德的),meaningcantheybehonestandfair?OneexampleofAIisdriverlesscars.TheyarealreadyonCaliforniaroads,soitisnottoosoontoaskwhetherwecanprogram(v.為…制定打算;設(shè)計安排活動;編排)amachinetoactethically.Asdriverlesscarsimprove,theywillsavelives.Theywillmakefewermistakesthanhumandriversdo.Sometimes,however,theywillfaceachoicebetweenlives.Shouldthecarsbeprogrammedtoavoidhittingachildrunningacrosstheroad,evenifthatwillputtheirpassengersatrisk?Whataboutmakingasuddenturntoavoidadog?Whatiftheonlyriskisdamagethetothecaritself,nottothepassengers?Perhapstherewillbelessonstolearnfromdriverlesscars,buttheyarenotsuper -intelligentbeings.Teachingethicstoamachineevenmoreintelligentthanwearewillbethebiggerchallenge.AboutthesametimeasAlphaGo”striumph,Microsoft’s‘chatbot’tookabadturn.Thesoftware,namedTaylor,wasdesignedtoanswermessagesfrompeopleaged18-24.Taylorwassupposedtobeabletolearnfromthemessagesshereceived.Shewasdesignedtoslowlyimproveherabilitytohandleconversations,butsomepeoplewereteachingTaylorracistideas(種族主義思想).WhenshestartedsayingnicethingsaboutHitler,Microsoftturnedheroffanddeletedherugliestmessages.AlphaGo’svictoryandTaylor’sdefeathappenedataboutthesametime.Thisshouldbeawarningtous.ItisonethingtouseAIwithinagamewithclearrulesandcleargoals.ItissomethingverydifferenttouseAIintherealworld.Theunpredictability(不行推測性，不行預(yù)知性)oftherealworldmaybringtothesurfaceatroublingsoftwareproblem.EricSchmidtisoneofthebossesofGoogle,whichownsAlphaGo.HethinksAIwillbepositiveforhumans.Hesaidpeoplewillbethewinner,whatevertheoutcome.AdvancesinAIwillmakehumanbeingssmarter,moreableand“justbetterhumanbeings”.WhatdoestheauthorwanttoshowwiththeexampleofAlphaGo”svictory?Computerswillprevail([pr??ve?l]vi.流行，盛行;獲勝，占優(yōu)勢;說服，勸告)overhumanbeings.Computershaveunmatched([??n?m?t?t]adj.無敵的;不相配的)potential([p??ten?l]adj.n.潛力，潛能).Computersareman”spotentialrivals([?ra?vl]n.對手;vt.與…競爭;adj.競爭的).Computerscanbecomehighlyintelligent.WhatdoestheauthormeanbyAImachinesactingethically(ethical[?eθ?kl]adj.倫理學的;道德的)?Theyarecapableofpredictingpossiblerisks.Theyweigh([we?]vt.稱…的重量;權(quán)衡，考慮)thegainsandlossesbeforereachingadecision.Theymakesensible(sensible[?s?ns?b?l]adj.明智的;符合情理的)decisionswhenfacingmoral(adj.道德的，道義上的;精神上的dilemmasd??lem?]n.窘境，逆境).Theysacrifice([?s?kr?fa?s]n.犧牲;vt.犧牲，把…奉獻給…)everythingtosavehumanlives.WhatissaidtobethebiggerchallengefacinghumansintheAIage?Howtomakesuper-intelligentAImachinessharehumanfeelings.Howtoensurethatsuper-IntelligentAImachinesactethically.Howtoprevent([pr??vent]vt.預(yù)防;preventable;preventative)AImachinesdoingharmtohumans.Howtoavoidbeingover-dependentonAImachines.WhatdowelearnaboutMicrosoft’s‘chatbot’Taylor?區(qū)分，區(qū)分，分清goodfromShecouldturnherselfoffwhennecessary.Shewasnotmadetohandlenovelsituations.Shewasgoodatperformingroutine([ru:?ti:n]n.常規(guī);adj.例行的;常規(guī)的)