適用于老高考舊教材廣西專版2023屆高考英語二輪總復(fù)習(xí)第三部分完形填空專題三議論文課件

第三部分專題三議論文英語內(nèi)容索引基礎(chǔ)自診?夯基固本高頻考點(diǎn)?探究突破新題演練?能力遷移基礎(chǔ)自診?夯基固本Ⅰ.詞匯復(fù)習(xí)20(根據(jù)漢語提示填入以p開頭的單詞的適當(dāng)形式,然后背誦情景,熟記以p開頭的課標(biāo)高頻詞匯。)【情景】1.________________(就個(gè)人方面)speaking,itmakesnosensetotryto2.________________(說服)himnottogiveupthechance.Hehasprejudiceonhisability.Whatyoushoulddorightnowistodevelopallhispotentialabilities.Putwhatyousaidintopractical

performanceswith3.________________(耐心).Inthiswayyoucan4.________________(證明)thathispreviousopinionwasjustridiculous.

Personally

persuadepatienceproveⅡ.高考范文必背(2017·全國Ⅲ卷)假定你是李華。你所在的校乒乓球隊(duì)正在招收新隊(duì)員。請(qǐng)給你的留學(xué)生朋友Eric寫封郵件邀請(qǐng)他加入,內(nèi)容包括:1.球隊(duì)活動(dòng);2.報(bào)名方式及截止日期。注意:1.詞數(shù)100左右;2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫。[范文]DearEric,Iamwritingtotellyouapieceofgoodnews.ThetabletennisteamIaminisrecruitingnewmembers.Havingknownyouareinterestedinplayingping-pong,Igiveyouabriefintroductionaboutourteam.Firstandforemost,therewillbeagreatmanyactivities.Tobeginwith,thecoachwillarrangeforapartner,withwhomyouwillpracticethebasicskills.Withyourskillsimproving,it’stimethatyouhadcompetitionswithyourteammates,whichexcitesyoumost.Ifirmlybelieveyouwillbenefitalotfromit.Tosignupforit,youhavetovisitourschoolwebsiteandfillinanapplication.Lastbutnotleast,pleasedorememberthedeadlineisJuly30.I’dliketoshowyoumywarmwelcomeinadvance.Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yours,LiHua高頻考點(diǎn)?探究突破一、文體特點(diǎn)議論文是一種通過剖析事物來論述事理、提出主張并發(fā)表見解的文體。它的篇幅一般較長,容量較大,思維的跳躍性比較強(qiáng)。通過分析某一事例,闡述一個(gè)論點(diǎn),告訴讀者一個(gè)道理或給讀者某種思想的啟迪。議論文主要有以下特點(diǎn):1.首句制勝,論點(diǎn)明確。議論文絕大多數(shù)都把文章的主旨句放在第一段。作者一般在主旨句中提出論點(diǎn),然后在后面各段的首句提出分論點(diǎn)。2.結(jié)構(gòu)清晰,脈絡(luò)有序。議論文的三要素:論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和論證。它們一般有序地安排在“導(dǎo)引—正文—結(jié)論”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中。有時(shí)作者為了使文章脈絡(luò)清楚、邏輯合理,會(huì)使用一些邏輯詞匯,如:onthecontrary,allinall,inshort,generally,ontheonehand...ontheotherhand,inconclusion,asaconsequence,hence,also,personally,furthermore,definitely,surely,undoubtedly,obviously,additionally,besides,likewise,forthesakeof,firstly等。3.按一定的方法論證。議論文都是按一定的論證方法來論證的。常用的論證方法有:歸納法(分析個(gè)別事物,找到共同點(diǎn),得出結(jié)論);推理法(從原理出發(fā),分析說明,得出結(jié)論);對(duì)照法(正反對(duì)照,分析說明,得出結(jié)論);駁論法(列出錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn),逐條批駁,闡明正確觀點(diǎn))。二、解題方法議論文形式的完形填空不像記敘文形式那么有情景。因此,我們對(duì)整個(gè)文章的把握相對(duì)來說也難得多。解答這類題可以依照以下方法:1.從首尾句入手,抓住中心。議論文的寫作思路一般為:提出問題→分析問題→解決問題。因此,文章

的第一、二句話通常為文章的主題句,而文章的結(jié)尾句常為文章的結(jié)論。由此可見,我們必須充分利用文章的首尾句,推測(cè)出文章的中心,從而理解全文。例Asageneralrule,allformsofactivityleadtoboredomwhentheyareperformedonaroutine(常規(guī))basis.Asamatteroffact,wecanseethis(principle)atworkinpeopleofall(ages)....Beforepeopleretire,theyusually(plan)todoalotof(great)things,whichtheyneverhad(time)todowhileworking.But(soon)afterretirement,thegolfing,thefishing,thereadingandalloftheotherpastimesbecomeasboringasthejobsthey(left).And,likethechildinJanuary,theygosearchingfornew(toys).分析:文章第一段提出了本文要探討的問題:作為一般規(guī)則,當(dāng)各種形式的活動(dòng)在日常生活中按照常規(guī)被執(zhí)行時(shí),它們都會(huì)變得無聊。其實(shí),我們可以在不同年齡的人身上看到這個(gè)法則。最后一段中作者闡述了在退休前人們經(jīng)常計(jì)劃著做很多的事。這些事在工作期間都沒有時(shí)間去做,但是退休后不久,打高爾夫、釣魚、讀書和所有其他的消遣方式都變得無聊了。這些想做的事就像他們離開的工作一樣變得索然無味。就像一月份的孩子一樣,他們又去尋找新的玩具了。

作者在組織文章時(shí),先是提出論點(diǎn),然后通過分析,在文章的最后通過結(jié)論又印證了論點(diǎn)。

2.緊扣信息詞,把握作者觀點(diǎn)?？忌逦恼碌男形倪壿?如轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系、對(duì)比關(guān)系、讓步關(guān)系、指代關(guān)系等。有時(shí)文章的第一、二段并不是作者的觀點(diǎn),而是對(duì)某個(gè)事物的介紹或描述,然后用信息詞,如but,however,yet等將自己的觀點(diǎn)引出,因此,閱讀時(shí)一定要特別留意這些信息詞。例Forexample,onChristmasmorning,childrenareexcitedabout(playing)withtheirnewtoys.Buttheir(interest)soonwearsoffandbyJanuarythose(same)toyscanbefoundputawayinthebasement.分析:作者通過舉例說明了孩子們剛開始玩玩具時(shí)是非常興奮的,然后通過轉(zhuǎn)折信息詞“But”引出作者對(duì)他們的進(jìn)一步認(rèn)知,從而明確了問題的存在。3.從語境入手,確定邏輯關(guān)系。句與句之間總要反映出因果、假設(shè)、條件、類推等邏輯關(guān)系。這些邏輯關(guān)系常常通過ontheonehand...ontheotherhand,asaresult,asaconsequence,onthecontrary,aboveall,firstofall,secondly,finally,incase等詞匯表達(dá)出來。但有時(shí)作者并不使用這些詞匯,而是將邏輯關(guān)系暗含于文章中,這就需要考生根據(jù)語境來確定邏輯關(guān)系。例(2020·全國Ⅰ卷)Maybeit’sanunreasonablefear.Butthe58(bottomline)isthatIshouldn’tlietomykids.Ishouldjust59(accept)repeatedlyhavingtosay,“No.Wecan’tgooutsidenow.”Thenwhentheycometootherdoorsinlife,betheyrealormetaphorical,theywon’t

60

toopenthemandwalkthrough.

60.A.hurry

B.decide C.hesitate

D.intend分析:C

分析Then...之前的部分可知,作者后悔對(duì)孩子們說謊,如果他坦誠地告訴孩子,那就是一扇門,但是現(xiàn)在他們不能出去。那么當(dāng)孩子們來到生活中的其他門前時(shí),不管是真實(shí)的門還是比喻的門,孩子們就會(huì)毫不猶豫地推開門并走出去(從而不會(huì)失去生活中的某些寶貴的機(jī)會(huì))。Then(那么)在該部分中起到了順承推斷的作用。所以選C項(xiàng)。hesitate“猶豫”。4.理清文章的論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和結(jié)論。一般說來,能說明論點(diǎn)的答案可以在論據(jù)里得到印證,且作為論點(diǎn)的某些答案也可以與論據(jù)有機(jī)地結(jié)合起來,使論點(diǎn)與論據(jù)相輔相成,從而使整篇文章上下一致。如果我們所選的答案前后矛盾,論點(diǎn)與論據(jù)相悖,最后的結(jié)論與論點(diǎn)自相矛盾,那就說明我們對(duì)文章的把握缺乏條理性和系統(tǒng)性,我們就須重新來理順文章的各部分,直到條理清楚為止,然后再根據(jù)自己對(duì)文章的把握及各部分的邏輯關(guān)系選出答案。例Inourmodernworld,whensomethingwearsout,wethrowitawayandbuyanewone.The(problem)isthatcountriesaroundtheworldhavegrowingmountainsof(rubbish)becausepeoplearethrowingoutmorerubbishthaneverbefore....Maybethereisanotherwayout.Weneedtorepairourpossessions(insteadof)throwingthemaway.Wealsoneedtorethinkourattitudesabout(spending).Repairingourpossessionsandchangingourspendinghabitsmaybethebestwaytoreducetheamountofrubbishandtakecareofourenvironment.

分析:從文章的第一段第一句話可知我們會(huì)在用壞一件東西并將其扔掉后再買新的東西,從而構(gòu)成了堆積如山的垃圾。從最后一段最后一句話“Repairing

our

possessions

and

changing

our

spending

habits

may

be

the

best

way

to

reduce

the

amount

of

rubbish

and

take

care

of

our

environment.”可知我們要善待環(huán)境,少扔垃圾。文章的論點(diǎn)和論據(jù)相輔相成,脈絡(luò)清晰。新題演練?能力遷移AIlogontoacomputeratthedoctor’sofficetosayIhavearrivedandthenwaituntilavoicecallsmeintotheexaminationroom.There,aroboticnurse

1

meontothescalesandthentakesmybloodpressure.Sometimelater,instepsthe

2

,whoisalsoarobot.Henotesdownmy

3

andgivesmeaprescription(處方).Ipayformy

4

usingacreditcardandreturnhomewithouthavingmetanotherhumanbeing.Thisismynightmarish(噩夢(mèng)般的)visionofthe

5

,whichhasn’thappened

6

yet.

IshouldsayIreallydolikemanyaspectsof

7

.Iamabigfanofairconditioninginsummerandheatersin

8

.ButIamwritingthisbecauseIdon’twantmachinesto

9

.

WhenIcallmydentist’sofficeandactuallygetahumanbeingontheline,Iam

10

.AndwhenIseetheintroductionofyetmoreself-servicecheckoutstationsatthegrocerystore,Ifeellike

11

,“Whenitcomestocashiers,makeminea(n)

12

,please!”

Afterall,humancashierssometimes

13

youastorecoupon(優(yōu)惠券)foritemsyouare

14

.Evenmorethanthat,real-lifecashiersoftentakeaninterestinparticularlycutechildren,whichcan

15

youngmothers’day.Acashiermayalsoshowcompassionforanelderlyperson

16

togetthatlastpennyoutofhispurse.

Machinescanbe

17

andcost-effectiveandtheyoftengetthejobdonejustfine.

18

theylackanelementsoimportanttoeverydaylife.

Callitthespirit,thesoulortheheart.Itis

19

nomachinewilleverhave.Itishumanbeingthat

20

ustosmileatothers,whichmaybewhattheyneedatthatmoment.

1.A.tears B.directsC.follows D.separates2.A.teacher B.lawyerC.doctor D.engineer3.A.signals B.symbolsC.sculptures D.symptoms4.A.bill B.visitC.medicine D.examination5.A.past B.presentC.future D.history6.A.atmost B.atlastC.atleast D.atintervals7.A.commerce B.agricultureC.literature D.technology8.A.sleep B.autumnC.spring D.winter9.A.takeover B.passbyC.cutin D.goaway10.A.annoyed B.thrilledC.discouraged D.disappointed11.A.crying B.laughingC.shouting D.whispering12.A.machine B.humanC.animal D.plant13.A.give B.remindC.bargain D.purchase14.A.ruining B.producingC.advertising D.buying15.A.brighten B.darkenC.strengthen D.widen16.A.turning B.happeningC.describing D.struggling17.A.urgent B.efficientC.frequent D.consistent18.A.But B.BecauseC.Otherwise D.Therefore19.A.everything B.somethingC.anything D.nothing20.A.encourages B.persuadesC.punishes D.forces【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇議論文。隨著科技的發(fā)展,機(jī)器越來越多地被應(yīng)用于人類的日常生活中,作者認(rèn)為機(jī)器固然能給人類的生活帶來便利,但感覺機(jī)器缺少人性,缺少人與人之間的溫情。1.B

解析:根據(jù)上文中的“...I

have

arrived

and

then

wait

until

a

voice

calls

me

into

the

examination

room.”可知,作者進(jìn)入檢查室;結(jié)合常識(shí),這里指機(jī)器人護(hù)士領(lǐng)著(directs)作者到秤上測(cè)體重,然后去量血壓。tear“撕破”;follow“跟著,跟隨”;separate“(使)分開”。2.C

解析:根據(jù)下文中的“He

notes

down

my

and

gives

me

a

prescription.”和常識(shí)可知,開處方的應(yīng)該是醫(yī)生(doctor)。

3.D

解析:根據(jù)常識(shí)可知,醫(yī)生的處方是根據(jù)病人的癥狀(symptoms)開的。signal“信號(hào)”;symbol“象征”;sculpture“雕塑”。4.B

解析:作者使用信用卡支付看病的費(fèi)用,這里用visit表示“就診”,指找醫(yī)生看病,費(fèi)用包括檢查費(fèi)等,符合文意。bill“賬單”;medicine“藥物”;examination“檢查”。5.C

解析:根據(jù)后面的which

hasn’t

happened可知,這里指未來(future)。6.C

解析:根據(jù)語境,這里表示至少現(xiàn)在還沒有發(fā)生,at

least表示“至少”。at

most“至多”;at

last“終于;最終”;at

intervals“不時(shí)”。7.D

解析:根據(jù)上下文可知,機(jī)器人的運(yùn)用是技術(shù)(technology)方面的事情。commerce“商業(yè)”;agriculture“農(nóng)業(yè)”;literature“文學(xué)”。8.D

解析:用加熱器應(yīng)該是在冬天,故選winter;與前面的summer對(duì)應(yīng)。9.A

解析:根據(jù)下文可知,作者不希望在未來機(jī)器取代(take

over)人類。pass

by

“經(jīng)過”;cut

in“插嘴,打斷”;go

away“走開”。10.B

解析:根據(jù)“When

I

call

my

dentist’s

office

and

actually

get

a

human

being

on

the

line...”和上文提到的作者不希望在未來機(jī)器人取代人類可知,當(dāng)作者給牙醫(yī)辦公室打電話,接電話的是人時(shí),作者應(yīng)是非常興奮的(thrilled)。annoyed“生氣的”;discouraged“泄氣的”;disappointed“失望的”。11.C

解析:根據(jù)上文作者不希望在未來機(jī)器取代人類和該段中的when

I

see

the

introduction

of

yet

more

self-service

checkout

stations

at

the

grocery

store可知,作者對(duì)這種情況是不滿意的、不高興的,故作者很想大叫(shouting),并且和前一句中表達(dá)的心情形成鮮明的對(duì)比。12.B

解析:結(jié)合上下文可知,作者希望是一個(gè)人(human)為自己服務(wù),另外下文中的human

cashiers也是提示。13.A

解析:句意:畢竟,人類收銀員有時(shí)會(huì)給你所要購買物品的商店優(yōu)惠券。give意為“給”,后面常加雙賓語,符合語境和語法。remind“提醒”;bargain“討價(jià)還價(jià)”;purchase“購買”。14.D

解析:參見上題解析。ruin“毀壞”;produce“生產(chǎn)”;advertise“為……做廣告”;buy“買,購買”。15.A

解析:根據(jù)上文中的real-life

cashiers

often

take

an

interest

in

particularly

cute

children可知,收銀員往往對(duì)特別可愛的小孩感興趣,這也許能讓小孩的母親開心一天。brighten意為“使開心”,符合語境。darken“使變暗”;strengthen“加強(qiáng)”;widen“(使)變寬”。16.D

解析:根據(jù)本句中的show

compassion

for可知,收銀員可能會(huì)同情老年人,因?yàn)槔夏耆嗽诎彦X包里最后一個(gè)一分錢硬幣掏出來時(shí)很費(fèi)力,說明老年人的生活不容易,struggle意為“掙扎,盡力”符合語境。turn“轉(zhuǎn)向”;happen“發(fā)生”;describe“描述”。17.B

解析:根據(jù)下文中的they

often

get

the

job

done

just

fine可知,這里講的是機(jī)器的好處,它們有效率(efficient)并且劃算。urgent“緊急的”;frequent“頻繁的”;consistent“一貫的”。18.A

解析:空格后表示它們?nèi)鄙僖环N對(duì)日常生活很重要的元素,與空前提到的機(jī)器的好處是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,故用連詞but,表示轉(zhuǎn)折。19.B

解析:前一句提到的the

spirit,the

soul

or

the

heart不是機(jī)器所擁有的東西(something)。20.A

解析:正是人性鼓勵(lì)(encourages)我們對(duì)別人笑。persuade“說服”;punish“懲罰”;force“強(qiáng)迫”。BLearningisacontinuousprocessoflife.Wealllearnfrom

1

thingsinlife.Oneofthethingsthat

2

merecentlyiswhatIlearnedfromturtles(海龜).

Turtlescouldteachavastnumberofpeoplealotaboutreachinggoals.

3

,haveyoueverwatchedaturtlemakingitswaytoastream?Theturtle

4

whereitisgoing;inotherwords,ithassetagoal.Manypeople

5

gothroughlifewithnospecificgoalinmind.Theyseemtoweavebackandforthbecausetheirlifedirectionseemsto

6

inrelationtowhateverinfluencesthematthattime.

Turtles,ontheotherhand,haveagoalinmindeasily

7

ifyoutaketimetowatchthem.Theturtlehasonlyone

8

.Nomatterhowlongit

9

them,theywilldoeverythingtheycantoreachtheirgoal.

10

,theturtlemaybeslow.

11

theturtlekeepsgoing.Eachsteptheytake,nomatterhowsmall,theykeeptakingit

12

totheirdestination.Theturtlenever

13

asteporbreaksintoarun.Thereasonisthatturtleshaveabettersenseofthe

14

oftakingsmallstepsoverandoveragaintoreachthefinalvictory.

The

15

thingaboutturtlesisthattheyhaveahardshell.Thesignificanceofthisshellistohelpthem

16

themselvesfromanythingthatmayattackthem.And,astheturtlestaughtme,wealsoneedtodevelopahardshellagainstthosethatwouldwantusto

17

.

Finally,theturtletoldmethatthegreatestcharacteristictopossessinreachingagoalis

18

.Nomatterwhattheobstacle(障礙)is,thereisa(n)

19

aroundit.Nomatterhowmanytimesoneis

20

bynegativity,thereisstrengthinconviction(堅(jiān)定的信念).

1.A.unusual B.importantC.practical D.different2.A.impressed B.worriedC.disturbed D.aroused3.A.Asaresult B.InotherwordsC.Forexample D.Aboveall4.A.wonders B.knowsC.forgets D.guesses5.A.unfortunately B.regularlyC.seriously D.peacefully6.A.delay B.stretchC.follow D.change7.A.examined B.explainedC.observed D.monitored8.A.idea B.goalC.wish D.guide9.A.takes B.affectsC.wastes D.annoys10.A.Anyway B.OtherwiseC.Thus D.Sure11.A.And B.SoC.But D.Or12.A.higher B.closerC.farther D.straighter13.A.rejects B.movesC.skips D.seeks14.A.necessity B.possibilityC.creativity D.difficulty15.A.rest B.lastC.extra D.other16.A.remove B.protectC.prevent D.separate17.A.compete B.continueC.fall D.judge18.A.honesty B.perseveranceC.bravery D.generosity19.A.edge B.holeC.path D.entrance20.A.praised B.blamedC.inspired D.stopped【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇議論文。作者以海龜為例,論述了要達(dá)到目標(biāo)需要具備的品質(zhì)。1.D

解析:句意:我們可以從生活中的不同事物中學(xué)到東西。根據(jù)后面的“One

of

the

things...”可知應(yīng)該是不同的事物。答案為D項(xiàng)。2.A

解析:句意:最近給我留下深刻印象的一件事就是從海龜身上學(xué)到的。A項(xiàng)

“使……印象深刻”;B項(xiàng)

“使……擔(dān)心”;C項(xiàng)

“干擾,擾亂”;D項(xiàng)

“喚起,激起”。答案為A項(xiàng)。3.C

解析:此處用海龜舉例來強(qiáng)調(diào)應(yīng)該向海龜學(xué)習(xí)如何達(dá)成目標(biāo)。A項(xiàng)

“結(jié)果”;B項(xiàng)

“換句話說”;C項(xiàng)

“例如”;D項(xiàng)

“首先,重要的是”。答案為C項(xiàng)。4.B

解析:由后面的

“...in

other

words,it

has

set

a

goal.”

可知,海龜知道朝哪個(gè)方向去,所以答案為B項(xiàng)。5.A

解析:句意:不幸的是,很多人一生中腦海中都沒有明確的目標(biāo)。所以答案為A項(xiàng),unfortunately

“不幸的是”。B項(xiàng)

“有規(guī)律地,定期地”;C項(xiàng)

“嚴(yán)肅地,認(rèn)真地”;D項(xiàng)

“和平地,平靜地”。6.D

解析:句意:這些生活中沒有目標(biāo)的人看起來總是在迂回反復(fù),因?yàn)樗麄兊纳罘较驘o論受到什么影響都會(huì)發(fā)生