新教材高中英語UNIT5IRSTAI教知識細(xì)解碼課時(shí)分層作業(yè)含解析新人教版選擇性必修第二冊

PAGE1-UNIT5FIRSTAID課時(shí)分層作業(yè)(十三)Ⅰ.單詞拼寫根據(jù)漢語提示寫出單詞。1．Thenewsthatherchildwassafeeased(減輕)hermind.2．Theboywastreatedforaminor(輕微的)headwound.3．Alongscarfwaswrapped(裹)roundherneck.4．Thelatesttechniques(技術(shù))inoceanographyarenowavailabletomanymorescientists.5．Themostterrifyingaspectofnuclearbombingisradiation(輻射)．6．Thisvictim(受害者)sufferedadreadfulinjuryandlostalotofblood.7．Apagecameloose(松的)andfloatedontotheground.8．Iusedtotakeabath(洗澡)twiceadaylastyear，morningandnight.9．Anelderly(年老的)couplewalkedalongthesideofthelakeyesterdayafternoon.10．Wegotanambulance(救護(hù)車)andrushedhertothehospital.Ⅱ.閱讀理解AHeartdiseaseisoneofthemajorkillersintheworldtoday.Manywhosufferfromitmusthavehearttransplants(移植).However,it'sdifficulttogetasuitableheartdonation,andevenifapatientsurvivesthewait,hisorherbodyoftenrejects(排斥)theheart.Butthereisnownewhopeforsufferersofheartdisease.AccordingtoastudypublishedinthejournalAdvancedScience,researchersfromIsrael'sTel“Thisisthefirsttimeanyoneanywherehassuccessfullyengineeredandprintedanentireheart，”professorTalDvirtoldCNN.Unliketheprevious3D-printedheartstructure，thenewheartiscompletewithcells,bloodvessels(血管),chambers(心室)andotherstructuresaheartneedstofunctionnormally.Butscientistsstillhavemoretofigureoutbeforethe3D-printedheartcanbefittedintothebody.Foronething，theexperimentalheartisonlythesizeofathumb(拇指)．And，althoughitcancontract(收縮)likeamuscle，itcannotpumpoutbloodlikearealone.Atpresent,theheartprototype(樣品)islikeatinyairplanethathasalloftherightparts,butcan'tfly.However,thedevelopmentisstillregardedasamajorbreakthroughinmedicine.Intheexperiment,theresearchersturnedhumanfattissue(脂肪組織)intohumanhearttissuewithstemcell(干細(xì)胞)technology.Thetissuewasthenturnedinto“bio-ink”fora3Dprintertoensurethattissueintheheartcamefromthepatientsthemselves.Soideally,ifitweretobeplacedinthebodyofsomeoneinneedofatransplant,therewouldbelessriskoforganrejection.“Patientswillnolongerhavetowaitfortransplantsortakemedicationstopreventtheirrejection，”researcherstoldUSAToday.“Instead,theneededheartwillbeprinted,fullypersonalized(個(gè)性化的)foreverypatient.”Butthescientiststhinkthat3Dprintingcanbeusedtocreateotherhumanorgans.Theyforeseeatimewhenthe3Dprintingoforganswillbeaneverydaymedicalpractice.“Maybe,in10years,therewillbeorganprintersinthefinesthospitalsaroundtheworldandtheseprocedureswillbeconductedroutinely，”Dvirsaid.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了3D打印心臟的發(fā)展、優(yōu)點(diǎn)以及仍然存在的問題。1．Whyisthe3D-printedheartimportant?A．Itwillbeusedonapatient.B．Itisthefirst3D-printedheart.C．Itwillreplaceaheartdonation.D．Ithasacompleteheartstructure.D[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Unliketheprevious3D-printedheartstructure，thenewheartiscompletewithcells，bloodvessels，chambersandotherstructuresaheartneedstofunctionnormally.”可知，與之前的3D打印心臟結(jié)構(gòu)不同，新心臟由細(xì)胞、血管、心室和心臟正常工作所需的其他結(jié)構(gòu)組成。由此可知，新的3D打印心臟有一個(gè)完整的心臟結(jié)構(gòu)，故選D。]2．Whatproblemdothe3D-printedheartshave?A．Theycosttoomuch.B．Theyaretoosmall.C．Theycan'tcontract.D．Theyarehardtoproduce.B[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Butscientistsstillhavemoretofigureoutbeforethe3D-printedheartcanbefittedintothebody.Foronething，theexperimentalheartisonlythesizeofathumb.”可知，但是，在3D打印的心臟能夠植入人體之前，科學(xué)家們還有更多的問題要查明。首先，實(shí)驗(yàn)心臟只有拇指那么大。由此可知，3D打印心臟的一個(gè)問題是它們太小了，故選B。]3．Whywouldtherebelessriskoforganrejectionwiththe3D-printedheart?A．Itwouldbemadewithstemcelltechnology.B．Itwouldbemadefromhumanfattissue.C．Itwouldcomefromapatient'sbody.D．Itwouldbeprintedaccordingtothepatient'scondition.C[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段中的“Thetissuewasthenturnedinto‘bio-ink’fora3Dprintertoensurethattissueintheheartcamefromthepatientsthemselves.Soideally，ifitweretobeplacedinthebodyofsomeoneinneedofatransplant，therewouldbelessriskoforganrejection.”可知，3D打印心臟的組織來自患者自身，所以，理想情況下，如果把它放在需要移植的人的體內(nèi)，器官排斥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)就會降低，故選C。]4．WhatattitudedoesTalDvirholdtowardthefutureof3Dprintingoforgans?A．Confident. B．Doubtful.C．Worried. D．Confused.A[推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“‘Maybe，in10years，therewillbeorganprintersinthefinesthospitalsaroundtheworldandtheseprocedureswillbeconductedroutinely，’Dvirsaid.”可知，德維爾說，也許在10年內(nèi)，世界上最好的醫(yī)院將會有器官打印機(jī)，這些程序?qū)蔀槌Ｒ?guī)操作，這表明德維爾對3D打印器官的未來是有信心的，故選A。]BEmergenciescanhappenanytime，sobeingpreparedforahomefirstaidkit(成套工具)isimportantforyourfamily.Havingaproperoneinyourhomeisaneasybutnecessarypartofgoodemergencypreparation.PickagoodcontainerOnegoodchoiceisalargetranslucentplasticcontainer,whichmakesiteasytoseethematerialsinside.Lunchboxesarealsoanothergoodchoice.Basically,ifit'sbigenough,andatleastsomewhatwaterresistant,itcanmakeagoodcontainer.Regardlessofyourcontainerchoice,itshouldbeeasytorecognize,sowrite“FIRSTAID”onitwithamarker.TeachyourfamilyaboutthekitForyoungerchildrenwhoshouldn'tusetheitemsinthekit,teachthemwhereit'slocated,sotheycouldshowavisitor,relativeorbabysitter.Forolderchildrenandadults,instructthemonhowtousetheitemsinit.Useafirstaidinstructionbooklet,likethoseavailablefromtheAmericanRedCrossforguidanceandplaceabookletinthekitforreference.Keepyourkitup-to-dateNoonewantstofetchafirstaidkitandfindthebandageboxemptyorthepainrelieversexpired(過期的).Keeptrackofsupplyamountsandexpirationdatesregularly.CreateachecklistinthekitRecordeveryitemonasheetofpaperandkeepitinthekit.Besides,recordtheamountsoftheitemsandexpirationdatesnexttothelisteditemsonthechecklistthatyouincludeinyourkit.Inthisway,anyonewhowantstoreachthekitcanimmediatelyknowwhatitincludesanddoesn'tinclude.Also,theycanbeclearwhethertheitemscanbeused.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，講述了家中備有急救箱是應(yīng)對緊急情況的重要舉措，同時(shí)，對急救箱的選擇、使用以及所放的位置給出了建議。5．Whichisclosetothemeaningoftheunderlinedword“translucent”？A．Wide. B．Advanced.C．Clear. D．Strong.C[詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段畫線詞后面的定語從句“whichmakesiteasytoseethematerialsinside”可知，它可以很容易讓人看到里面的材料。這里的which指代的是先行詞container，這里定語從句的內(nèi)容可以解釋container前面的修飾語，因?yàn)槿藗兡芎苋菀椎乜吹嚼锩娴牟牧?，因此它的意思是“透明的”。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，故選C。]6．Whatshouldtheyoungchildrenbetoldaboutthehomefirstaidkit?A．Howtousetheitems. B．Whatitcontains.C．Wheretoplaceit. D．Whentofetchit.C[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Foryoungerchildrenwhoshouldn'tusetheitemsinthekit，teachthemwhereit'slocated，sotheycouldshowavisitor，relativeorbabysitter.”可知，對于不應(yīng)該使用工具箱中物品的年幼兒童而言，家長應(yīng)告訴他們工具箱所在的位置，以便他們能在有突發(fā)情況的時(shí)候告訴客人、親戚或保姆。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，故選C。]7．Whyshouldthehomefirstaidkitbeexaminedregularly?A．Tomakeitcleanandtidy.B．Tomakesureit'savailable.C．Tobefamiliarwiththeitems.D．Tolearntodealwithemergencies.B[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Noonewantstofetchafirstaidkitandfindthebandageboxemptyorthepainrelieversexpired.Keeptrackofsupplyamountsandexpirationdatesregularly.”可知，沒有人想在拿起急救箱時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)繃帶盒里是空的或者止痛藥過期了。要經(jīng)常查看還有多少可用的東西和有效日期。因此經(jīng)常查看家庭急救箱的原因在于確保有可用的東西和物品沒有失效。Tomakesureit'savailable.意為“確保它可用”。故選B。]Ⅲ.閱讀七選五Haveyoueverbeeninasituationwherefirstaidwasrequired?Didyouknowwhattodo?Didyoufeeladequatelyequippedandconfidentenoughtoperformfirstaidprocedures?AttheSOSCenter,trainedprofessionalsprovidesomeone-on-oneandgroupcoursesinfirstaid.FirstAidForInfants(嬰兒)Thiscourseisdesignedforfirst-timeparentswhodonothaveabasicknowledgeoffirstaidforinfantsandbabies.2，orifyouwanttoavoidmorelifethreateningproblemsandillnesses,youwillgetthemfromthesetopics.FirstAidforChildrenEveryparentknowsthefearofreleasingtheirsmallchildoutintotheworld,awayfromtheirwatchfuleye.3.Thiscourseteachesparentshowtodeterminewhenaninjuryrequiresstitches(縫針),howtotreatbasiccuts,aswellashowtotreatsunburnsandotherwounds.4Ourmostpopularcourseoffersallkindsofapproachestoapplyingfirstaid.Inthistwo-daycourse,you'lllearnsomebasicskillssuchashowtorespondwhenachildoranadultchokes,whattodoifsomeonehasaheartattackorstroke,howtoreacttosnakebitesandspiderbites,andmore.Thiscourseishighlyrecommendedforlearnersofallages.5.Inaddition,weareplanningtoopenspecialcoursesincommunitycentersaroundBeijing.FormoreinformationonSOSandourcourseselectionortoregisterforacourse,pleasevisitwww.firstthings-first.com.A．BasicTrainingCourseinFirstAidB．VariousFirst-AidCoursesforBabiesC．Whenyouwanttoeaseyourbaby'sdiscomfortsD．Ifyouwanttoavoidtheriskofyourparents'injuriesE．Classesareofferedonaregu