山東省2022年中考英語人教版一輪練習-題型專題四閱讀表達專題歸納

Passage1(2021·江蘇鹽城東臺期末)Forthousandsofyearspeoplehaveusedshells,feathersandeventeabricksfortransactions(交易).Thankstotechnologyandinnovativethinking,therearemanywaystocarryoutafinancial(金融的)transactionwithouttheneedtousecash.Acheque(支票)isapieceofpaperthattransfersmoneyfromonepersontoanother.Butthemaindisadvantageofusingachequeisthatchequesaresubjecttoforgery(偽造)．Duringthe20thcentury,differenttypesofcardscameintoexistence.Therewerecreditcards,debitcards,prepaymentcardsandsmartcards.Electronicbankinginvolvesthetransferoffundsthroughmessagessentelectronicallybetweentwoormorebanks.Twoofthemostcommontypesofelectronicbankingaredirectdepositsanddirectdebits.ThecreationoftheInternethaschangedpeople'slivesinmanyways.Onemajorchangeisinthewaypeoplemanagetheirbankaccounts.Internetbankingallowspeopletoviewtheiraccounts,paybillsandtransfermoneyathome.Peopleusetheirpersonalcomputers,allwithouthavingtogointoabank.Banksputmajorsecurityproceduresinplacetomakesurethatpeople'sbankaccountsaresafe.1．Whathavepeopleusedfortransactionsinhistory?________________________________________________________________2．What'sthedisadvantageofusingcheques?________________________________________________________________3．Howmanytypesofcardswerethereduringthe20thcentury?________________________________________________________________4．Whatarethetwocommontypesofelectronicbanking?________________________________________________________________5．Howdobanksmakesurethatpeople'sbankaccountsaresafe?________________________________________________________________Passage2(2021·廣東河源紫金模擬)DuringtheSpringandAutumnPeriod,therewasamannamedSunYangintheStateofQin.Wheneverhesawahorse,hecouldtellifitwasgoodornotatfirstsight.PeoplecalledhimBoLeandoftenaskedhimtolookathorsesandhelpchoosehorses.Oneday,SunYangnoticedahorsepullingaheavycart(馬車).Hecamenear,andsawthatitwasahorsethatreallycouldcoverathousandliaday.SunYangthoughtitwasapitytoletthegoodhorsepullacart.Hewasreallysadaboutthat.Tohelpmorepeoplelearnhowtolookathorses,SunYangwroteabookcalledTheArtofLookingatHorsesandJudgingTheirWorth.Heusedlotsofpicturesofdifferenthorsesinthebook.SunYanghadasonwhothoughtitwasveryeasytolookathorsesafterreadingthebook.Sohetookthebookwithhimtolookforfinehorseseverywhere.Atfirsthelookedforgoodhorsesaccordingtothepicturesinthebook,butfoundnothing.Thenaccordingtothecharacteristics(特征)saidinthebook,hefoundatoad(蟾蜍)fitverywell.Sohehappilybroughtithome.Thereisnodoubtthatatoadisn'tagoodhorse.Thatisjustwhatwecalllookingforagoodhorsewiththehelpofitspicture.1．WhydidpeopleoftenaskSunYangtolookathorsesandhelpchoosehorses?________________________________________________________________2．HowdidSunYangfeelwhenhesawthegoodhorsepullingaheavycart?________________________________________________________________3．WhatwasSunYang'spurposeinwritingthebook?________________________________________________________________4．WhatdidSunYang'ssontaketolookforfinehorseseverywhere?________________________________________________________________5．WhydidSunYang'ssonbringthetoadhome?________________________________________________________________Passage3(2021·上海楊浦一模)Asachild,AlainRobertwasafraidofheights.Oneday,whenhewas12,hereturnedhomefromschool.Atthefrontdoorofhisbuilding,helookedforhiskeys.Hedidn'thavethem.Itwas3：30p．m.,andhisparentsworkeduntil6：00p．m.Robertlookedathisapartmentontheeighthfloor.Hesawanopenwindow.Heclosedhiseyesandpicturedhimselfclimbingthebuilding.Whenheopenedhiseyes,hetoldhimself,“Icandoit.”Aquarterofanhourlater,hewasinhishouse,andhisfearofheightswasgone.Today,Robert(knownastheFrenchSpiderman)stillclimbsbuildings.In2004,heclimbedTaipei101(thetallestbuildingintheworldatthetime),andin2011heclimbedtheBurjKhalifaTowerinDubai.Toreachthetopofabuilding,Robertusuallyusesonlyhishandsandspecialshoes.ToclimbtheBurjKhalifaTower,though,hewasmadetowearsafetyropes.Roberttakesclimbingasahobby.Healsodoesittomakemoneyforcharity(forchildrenandthehomeless).Climbingishispassion.Althoughmanyclimbingaccidentshavelefthimseriouslydisabled,hehasbecomeoneofthebestsoloclimbersintheworld.Alainsaidinaninterview,“Wesetourselveslimits,butweareallstrongenoughtoaimhigher,toachieveourgoals.Allwehavetodoisfindsuchstrengthwithinourselves.”WhenRobertclimbs,hewantstosendamessagetopeople.Ifyouhaveadream—somethingyoureallywanttodo—itcanbecomereal.Butyoumustbebraveandkeeptrying.Ifsomethingbadhappens,don'tgiveup.Closeyoureyesandtellyourself,“Icandoit.”1．HowdidRobertenterhisapartmentontheeighthflooroneday? ________________________________________________________________2．WhatdidRobertusewhenheclimbedtheBurjKhalifaTowerinDubai?________________________________________________________________3．Robertclimbsfortworeasons.Whatarethey?________________________________________________________________4．Ifyou'reafraidofdoingsomething,whatisRobert'sadvice?________________________________________________________________5．WhatdoyouthinkmakesAlainRobertbecomeoneofthebestsoloclimbersintheworld?________________________________________________________________Passage4(2021·山東臨沂沂南九上期末)MarkTwainoncesaid,“Aliehastraveledhalfwayaroundtheworldwhilethetruthisputtingonitsshoes.”Thisistruewhentalkingaboutfake(假的)news.Inanewstudy,scientistsfromMIT(麻省理工學院)foundthatliesandfakenewsspreadfasterandfartherthantruestoriesonsocialmedia.Theystudiedmorethan126，000storiessharedby3millionusersonTwitter.Theresultwasthatfakestoriesoftenreachedbetween1，000and100，000people,buttruestoriesreachedjustalittleover1，000.Thisisbecausefakenewscaneasilycatchpeople'sattention.Fakenewsstoriesaremoresensational(聳人聽聞的)andmightmakepeoplefeelangryorsurprised.In2017,theWenzhouEveningNewsreportedthatagirlwasnotallowedtotakehercollegeentranceexambecauseshewastwominuteslate.ManyInternetusersbecameangryafterhearingthis,believingthattheschoolwasbeingunreasonable.Butinfact,thegirlwas17minuteslate.Studentsareusuallyallowedtotaketheexamaslongastheyarrivenolaterthan15minutesaftertheexamstarts.Butthegirlwastwominuteslaterthanallowed.Somesocialmediasiteshavetakenactiontostopfakenews.Thebestthingforuserstodoistothinkitoverandcheckitcarefullybeforesharing.1．WhatdidthescientistsfromMITfindintheirstudy?________________________________________________________________2．Whydoesfakenewsspreadfasterthanthetruth?________________________________________________________________3．WhendidtheWenzhouEveningNewsreportthatagirlwasn'tallowedtotakehercollegeentranceexam?________________________________________________________________4．HowdidmanyInternetusersfeelwhentheyheardthatagirlwasn'tallowedtotakehercollegeentranceexam?________________________________________________________________5．Whatshouldusersdotostopfakenews?________________________________________________________________Passage5(2021·山東青島模擬一)Successissomuchmorethanjustmoneyorfame.Successisaboutbeingabletoliveahappyandsatisfyinglifethatallowsyoutobetruetowhoyoureallyare.Ifyouwanttohaveasuccessfullife,herearethethingsyouneedtofocuson.________Ifyoudon'tbelievethatyoucanhavethelifeyouarelookingforwardto,ifyoudon'tbelievethatyoucanachieveallthatyouaresettingouttoachieve,itisgoingtobeverydifficulttocreateasuccessfullife.Whenyoubelieveinyourself,itwillincreaseyourcreativity,andyourabilitytodoanything.________Ifyouonlywanttogetmoneyandfame,youarenevergoingtotrulyfeelsuccessful.Thefeelingofsuccessthatisgiventhroughmoneyandfameisonlytemporaryandisnotenoughtokeepalong-timefeelingofsatisfactionandhappiness.Foratrulysuccessfullife,yourintentionhastoberootedinyourpurpose,inyourpassions(熱情)andinwhatfeelsgoodtoyou.Whenyourintentionistoserveyourpurpose,makeachangeintheworldandexpressyourtalents,youwillfeeltruesuccessandsatisfaction,nomatterwhattheresultis.________Themoreyoucanwelcomesuccessintoyourlife,themoreyouwillstarttofeelit.Beinggratefulforthetiniestsuccessesinlifewillalsohelpyoutocreatemoreandmoresuccesses.Thetruthisthatyouarealreadysuccessfulandonceyourealizethis,thereisnostoppingwhatyoucando.1．根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，將段落主題句與文章相應(yīng)段落匹配，將答案的字母代號填入對應(yīng)的橫線上。A．Realizeyouarealreadysuccessful.B．Believeinyourself.C．Knowyourintention(追求)．2．根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，選擇畫線單詞“temporary”的正確的中文意思。A．永久的B．暫時的C．愉悅的D．消極的3．找出與“Givingthankstothesmallestsuccessesinlifewillhelpyoutohavemoresuccesses.”意思相同的句子。________________________________________________________________4．根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，完成下列句子。每空一詞。Successmeanslivingalifewithhappinessand________.Believeinyourself,youcanhavethelifeyouare________.Tohaveatrulylife,youneedtoputyourpassions,________andwhatfeelsgoodtoyouinyourintention.Whenyourealizeyouarealreadysuccessful,nothingcan________you.Passage6(2021·山東東營利津九上期末)Ifyoulose12timesinarow,willyoujustgiveup?DaleCarnegie,apioneerinpublicspeakingandself-development,kepttrying.Andhebecamefamousbyshowingpeoplehowtobesuccessful.CarnegiewasbornintoapoorfamilyintheUnitedStates.Inhisteens,hehadtogetupat3a．m.everydaytomilkthecowsforhisfamily.3.In1904,whenhewas16yearsold,hisfamilymovedtoafarmwherehecompletedhishighschoolin1906.Duringhishighschoolyearshegrewinterestedinspeeches.Hisfirstjobaftercollegewassellingcourses.Hemovedontosellingbaconandsoap.HisparentsmovedtoBelton,Missouriin1910afterhegraduatedandwhenhewas22.WhenCarnegiefirstenteredcollege,hefeltupsetbecauseofhisraggedclothesandordinarylook.Hismotherencouragedhim,“Whynottrytobebetteratotherthingsinsteadofjustclothesandgoodlook？”Carnegietriedtobemoreactiveincollege.Hejoinedthedebateteam.Butoneafteranother,helost12competitions.Theyoungmanwasverydisappointedwithhimself.ButsoonCarnegiewasseentopracticepublicspeakingontheriverside.Hishardworkpaidoffatlast.In1906,Carnegiewonafamousspeechcontestandbecamewell-known.4.“Believethatyouwillsucceed,andyouwill，”hesaid．Inordertosharehissuccess,Carnegieopenedschoolsandwrotebooks.HisbestsellersincludeHowtoWinFriendsandInfluencePeopleandHowtoStopWorryingandStartLiving.Publishedin1936,HowtoWinFriendsandInfluencePeopleisstillapopularbookinbusinessandbusinesscommunicationskills.Morethan50millioncopiesofhisbookshavebeentranslatedinto38languages.Theyarestillhelpingpeopleontheroadtosuccess.A．根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容簡要回答問題。1．WhatdidCarnegiedotobemoreactiveincollege?________________________________________________________________2．WhydidCarnegieopenschoolandwritebooks?________________________________________________________________B．將短文中畫線的句子譯成漢語。3．________________________________________________________________4.________________________________________________________________C．請給短文擬一個適當?shù)挠⑽臉祟}。5．________________________________________________________________Passage7(2021·四川達州中考)Tobecomeabetterperson,weshouldgotoschooleveryday.Sohowcanwebecomepowerfulandstartchangesinourownlife?PerhapswecangetsometipsfromtheUSFirstLadyMichelleObama.DuringhervisittoChina,fromMarch20～26,Mrs.Obamasharedherviewsoneducationwithstudents.ThefirstladyencouragedChinesestudentstoaimhighandgetagoodeducation.InChengduNo.7HighSchool,shetoldstudentsthathavingpoorrootsdoesn'tmatterAlongasyouworkhard.Mrs.Obamasaidherfamilywasnotrich.LikemanyChinesestudents,herparentshadbigdreamsforher.Shefelttheweightofherparents'sacrifices(犧牲)onhershouldersandworkedhardtomakethemproud.Perseveringwasnoteasy,though.Sometimesshehadtowakeupat4：30a．m.andstudylateintothenight.“ButwheneverIgottiredordiscouraged,Iwouldremembersomethingmymotheralwaystoldme，”shesaid.“Agoodeducationissomethingthat①take,no,from,can,one,away,you．”Mrs.ObamaalsoencouragesChinesestudentstostudyabroad.“AstheChineseBgoes.②Itisbettertotravel10，000milesthantoread10，000books，”shesaid.“③在學校取得好成績是不夠的。It'salsoimportanttohaverealexperiencewithlanguages,culturesandsocietiesdifferentfromyourown，”shenoted.“Studyingabroadcouldalsogainfutureinternationalrelations.④Itcouldhelpyoungpeoplefromdifferentcountryworktogethertodealwithproblemssuchasclimatechange，”Mrs.Obamasaid.任務(wù)一：1.請將文中A、B空白處分別填入一個恰當?shù)膯卧~，使句子意思完整正確。A．________B．________任務(wù)二：2.請將文中①處斜體單詞連成句子。Agoodeducationissomethingthat________________________________________________________________.任務(wù)三：3.請將文中②處畫線句子譯成漢語。________________________________________________________________任務(wù)四：4.請將文中③處的漢語譯成英語。________________________________________________________________任務(wù)五：5.文中④處畫線句子中有一處錯誤，請找出并改在橫線上。(每空一詞)________改為________Passage8Eyesalwaysonus(2021·江蘇鹽城中考)Videocamerasareeverywhere:schools,theatersandstores.Butinrecentyears,theyhaveenteredourhomes.Manyparentssetupcamerasathometowatchtheirchildren'sonlineclassesandhomework.Arecamerasreallyhelpful?Whatdostudentsthinkaboutit?LiMingEarlierlastyear,Ilikedtolieinbedandwatchvideosinsteadofstudying.Thisaffectedmystudiesandmademygradesworse.Somyparentssetupacameratokeepaneyeonme.Itworked.Withthecamerawatching,Ihadtodomyhomeworkfirstandmakeplansforstudyingathome.WhenIwasaloneathome,thecameramademefeelsafebecauseIknewthatmyparentswerewatchingontheotherside.Mygradesimprovedafterayear.ZhangHuaWhenIwasinGrade8,myparentssetupacamerainmyroom.Ireallydidn'tlikeitbecauseIfeltliketherewerealwayseyeswatchingme.IfeltsouncomfortablethatIcouldn'tsleepwellatnight.Knowingtherewasacameraaround,whenmyfriendscametomyhome,theywouldspeakquietlyandcarefully.Wecouldn'thavepillowfights.Iwassad.SoIaskedmyparentstotakethecameraaway.TheyagreeditaslongasIpromisedtobehavewell.Ifeelhappyandfreenow.回答下面5個問題，每題答案不超過5個詞。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inParagraph1referto?________________________________________________________________2．WhatwasthereasonforLiMing'sparents'settingupacameraathome?________________________________________________________________3．WhathappenedtoLiMingoneyearlater?________________________________________________________________4．WhydoesZhangHuafeelhappyandfreenow?________________________________________________________________5．Whatdoyouthinkofparents'settingupcamerasathome?________________________________________________________________Passage9(2021·江蘇泰州中考)TheFACupTheFACupisaveryspecialfootballcompetition.Itistheoldestfootballcompetitionintheworldasithasbeenplayedsince1871.ItisalsofamousforthenumberoffootballteamsinEnglandthatenter.Morethan700footballteamstakepartinthecompetitioneveryyear.Thatisalloftheteamsfromthefourprofessional(職業(yè)的)leaguesandhundredsofsmallnon-professionalclubs.TheseclubscomefromsmalltownsandvillagesfromaroundEngland.Becausetherearesomanyteams,itlastsforaverylongtime.Theearlygamesareonlybetweenthesmallteams.Aftersixmatches,theprofessionalteamsfromthethirdandfourthleagueenterandthen,twogameslater,thebiggestclubsfromthePremierLeague.Oftenverysmallclubswillplayagainstbigteams.Therehavebeenmanysurpriseresultsinthepastmanyyears.TeamsfromthefifthleaguehaveevenwonagainstteamsfromthePremierLeague,butaPremierLeagueteamdoesusuallywinthecompetitioneveryyear.However,thereisalwaysachanceofseeingasurpriseresult.Asaresult,peopleshowgreatinterestintheFACup.It'samazingthattheFACuphasthepowertochangeafootballclub,rewritethepastandshapethefuture.回答下面5個問題，每題答案不超過7個詞。1．HowlonghastheFACupbeenplayed?________________________________________________________________2．HowmanyfootballteamstakepartintheFACupeveryyear?________________________________________________________________3．Wherearethesmallclubsfrom?________________________________________________________________4．Whattypeofteamusuallywins?________________________________________________________________5．Whatdoes“asurpriseresult”meaninthepassage？(根據(jù)作者意圖，自擬答案)________________________________________________________________Passage10(2021·遼寧錦州中考)Theworldisgettingwarmer.Humanactivityisthemainreasonforthis,theUnitedNations(UN)said.Forexample,peopleusefossilfuels(化石燃料)likecoalandoil.Theygiveoffalotofgreenhousegases(溫室氣體)(especiallyCO2)intotheair.Thiswarmstheearth.Asaresult,manyanimalsaredyingout,(A)________aspenguins(企鵝)andpolarbears.Itwillsoonmakeadifferencetousaswell.(D)Sealevelswillriseandmanycitiesalongtheseawilldisappear.Tofightclimatechange,countriesaroundtheworldneedtoworktogether.Chinaisnowtakingthelead.Ithassetnewgoalstodeal(B)________thisproblem.Itwillbringitstotalgreenhousegasemissions(排放)toapeak(峰值)before2030.(C)Itwillalsoachievecarbonneutrality(碳中和)before2060,Xinhuareported.BeingcarbonneutralmeanstakingawaythesameamountofCO2fromtheairasyouputintoit.Itwassetasaninitiative(倡議)bytheUNin2015.Therearetwowaystogettocarbonneutrality.Oneistoplantmoretreestoabsorb(吸收)theemitted(排放的)CO2.TheotheristostopCO2emissionsaltogetherbyusingnon-fossil(非化石)fuels.Examplesofthesefuelsincludeelectricityandwindenergy.Over20countriesandregionshavecarbonneutralitygoals.Mostofthemwillplantmoretrees.SowillChina.IfChinacanrealizeitsgoal,itwilllowerglobal(全球的)warmingbyaround0.2℃to0.3℃alone,accordingtoClimateActionTracker(氣候行動追蹤組織).1．在文中(A)和(B)的空白處分別填入適當?shù)脑~：(A)________(B)________2．文中畫線部分(C)指代的是：________________3．將文中畫線部分(D)改寫為：Sealevelswillriseand________________citiesalongtheseawilldisappear.4．從文中找出兩種非化石燃料能源的名詞或名詞短語：________________5．從文中找出能說明本文中心大意的名詞短語：________________________________________________________________參考答案Passage11．Shells,feathersand(even)teabricks.2．Chequesaresubjecttoforgery.3．Four./Therewerefou