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過去完成時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)過去將來時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)(一般了解)將來完成時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)過去完成時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)一、定義表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動作以前已經(jīng)完成了的動作。它所表示的時(shí)間是“過去的過去”。二、過去完成時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和例句

主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)had+donehad+been+done例句(1)TheyhadfinishedtheirhomeworkbeforeIgothome.(2)Bynineo'clocklastnight,wehadfinishedmostofthework.(1)TheirhomeworkhadbeenfinishedbeforeIgothome.(2)Bynineo'clocklastnight,mostoftheworkhadbeenfinishedbyus.三、過去完成時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的用法1.表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動作以前已經(jīng)完成了的動作。用在when,before,after,by,until,hardly…when…,nosooner…than…,bytheendof…,bythetime+從句引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中,先發(fā)生的動作通常需用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)表示。(1)Ihadbeenherefortwohourswhenhecametoseeme.當(dāng)他來看我時(shí),我已在這里兩個(gè)小時(shí)了。(2)Aftermyhomeworkhadbeendone,Iwenttobed.做完作業(yè)后我就上床睡覺了。(3)Ididn'treachthestationuntilthetrainhadleft.直到火車開走了我才到火車站。(4)Hehadhardlyenteredthestationwhenthetrainleft.他一到火車站,火車就開走了。(5)Ihadnosoonergotintotheroomthanitbegantosnow.我一進(jìn)入房間就下雪了。(6)Wehadgoteverythingreadybythetimetheyarrived.在他們到達(dá)之前,我們已準(zhǔn)備好一切了。三、過去完成時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的用法1.表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動作以前已經(jīng)完成了的動作。用在when,before,after,by,until,hardly…when…,nosooner…than…,bytheendof…,bythetime+從句引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中,先發(fā)生的動作通常需用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)表示。(1)Ihadbeenherefortwohourswhenhecametoseeme.當(dāng)他來看我時(shí),我已在這里兩個(gè)小時(shí)了。(2)Aftermyhomeworkhadbeendone,Iwenttobed.做完作業(yè)后我就上床睡覺了。(3)Ididn'treachthestationuntilthetrainhadleft.直到火車開走了我才到火車站。(4)Hehadhardlyenteredthestationwhenthetrainleft.他一到火車站,火車就開走了。(5)Ihadnosoonergotintotheroomthanitbegantosnow.我一進(jìn)入房間就下雪了。(6)Wehadgoteverythingreadybythetimetheyarrived.在他們到達(dá)之前,我們已準(zhǔn)備好一切了。2.在said,asked和told引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中。Shesaidthatshehadworkedinthatcountrysince2017.她說從2017年起她就在那個(gè)國家工作了。3.動詞hope,expect,intend,plan,think等用過去完成時(shí)表未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望、打算。(1)IhadhopedthatIcoulddothejob.我本來希望我能夠做那個(gè)工作。(2)Ihadintendedtoseeyou,butIwastoobusy.我原本打算去看你的,但是我太忙了。4.過去完成時(shí)態(tài)的固定句型。(1)Itwas+時(shí)間段+since從句(從句用過去完成時(shí)態(tài))Itwasatleast3monthssinceIhadleftBeijing.我離開北京至少有3個(gè)月了。(2)Itwasthefirst/second/…time+that從句(從句用過去完成時(shí)態(tài))ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadchattedonlineinEnglish.那是我第一次用英語在網(wǎng)上聊天。(3)在含有定語從句的主從復(fù)合句中,如果主句用過去式,定語從句動作在主句動作之前,則從句用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。Shefoundthekeythatshehadlost.她找到了她丟失的那把鑰匙。1.Mr.Benson________________(teach)himselfabstractphysicsbythetimehewas15.2.BytheendoflasttermwehadstudiedEnglishfortwoyears.→BytheendoflasttermEnglish________________fortwoyears.3.WhenJackarrived,helearnedMary________foralmostanhour.A.hadgone

B.hadsetoff

C.hadbeenaway

D.hadleft4.I________tocatchthe10:00train,butIfounditwasgone.A.hadhoped

B.hoped

C.hope

D.havehoped5.WhenIgotthere,thefilm________.A.hasbegun

B.began

C.beginning

D.hadbegunExercise8hadtaughthadbeenstudiedCADTheplane________whenwegottotheairport.(2016年)A.hadtakenoff

B.hastakenoff

C.willtakeoff

D.istakingoff高考鏈接7A過去將來時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)一、定義表示對于過去來說的將來時(shí)間的動詞形式。常為would/should+do形式,一般用于主句謂語為過去時(shí)的賓語從句中,常見的時(shí)間狀語有:thenext(following)morning/day,twohours/dayslater等。二、過去將來時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和例句

主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)(1)would+do(2)was/weregoingto+do(1)would+bedone(2)was/weregoingto+bedone例句Hesaidhewouldshowmearoundtheirschool.HesaidIwouldbeshownaroundtheirschool.三、過去將來時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)的用法1.表示從過去的某個(gè)時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的事。(1)Shesaidshewouldgotoattendameetingthenextmorning.她說第二天早上她要參加一個(gè)會議。(2)Mymotherwonderedwhenheradvicewouldbefollowedbyme.我媽媽想知道我什么時(shí)候會聽從她的建議。2.was/weregoingto+do也表示對于過去來說的將來的主觀打算和客觀判斷。Hesaidhewasgoingtogeteverythingreadybythenextday.他說他打算在第二天前把一切準(zhǔn)備好。Theradiosaiditwasgoingtosnowtomorrow.廣播說明天會下雪。3.某些含有“往來”的短暫性動詞go,come,arrive,leave,takeoff等的過去進(jìn)行時(shí)也可用來表示過去將來。HesaidhewasleavingforShanghaithenextweek.他說他下個(gè)星期會前往上海。Hesaidthathe________acomputerverysoon.(2014年)A.willbuy

B.hadbought

C.wouldbuy

D.bought1.Hesaidhewouldlearn2000Englishwordsbyheart.→Hesaid2000Englishwords________________byheart.2.Iwas________togooutwhenthetelephonerang.Exercise9高考鏈接8wouldbelearnedgoingC將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)(一般了解)一、定義將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示某一動作從某一時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)到將來某一時(shí)間(即說話者提及的時(shí)間),是否繼續(xù)下去要視上下文而定。二、將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)和例句(1)Bythistimenextweek,Iwillhavebeenworkingforthiscompanyfor24years.到下星期此刻,我已經(jīng)為該公司干了24年了。(2)Ifwedon'thurryup,thestorewillhavebeenclosingbeforewegetthere.咱們?nèi)舨豢煲稽c(diǎn)兒,等我們到了那兒,店門就會關(guān)了。三、將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)由“will/shallhavebeen+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成(1)Bytheendofthisyearhe'llhavebeenactingforthirtyyears.到今年年底他當(dāng)演員就滿30年了。(2)Ishallhavebeenworkinghereinthisfactoryfortwentyyearsbytheendoftheyear.到今年年底,我在這個(gè)工廠工作就有20年了。將來完成時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)一、定義將來完成時(shí)態(tài)表示在將來某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成或一直持續(xù)的動作。經(jīng)常與before+將來時(shí)間或by+將來時(shí)間連用,也可與before或bythetime短語引導(dǎo)的現(xiàn)在時(shí)的從句連用。二、將來完成時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和例句

主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)shall/willhave+過去分詞shall/willhave+been+過去分詞例句Beforelong,hewillhaveforgottenallaboutthismatter.Beforelong,allaboutthismatterwillhavebeenforgottenbyhim.三、將來完成時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)的用法1.表示在將來某一時(shí)間之前已完成的動作,并往往對將來某一時(shí)間產(chǎn)生影響。(1)Twelveunitsshallhavebeenlearnedbyusbytheendofthisterm.到這個(gè)學(xué)期末,我們將學(xué)完12個(gè)單元。(2)Bythetimeyougethome,Iwillhavecleanedthehousefromtoptobottom.你到家之前我將把房子徹底打掃一遍。2.在時(shí)間狀語從句中,用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)代替將來完成時(shí)態(tài)來表示將來某一時(shí)刻以前已完成的動作。Don'tgetoffuntilthebushasstopped.車停了你才下車。Ihopethey________thishousebythetimewecomebacknextautumn.(2013年)A.havebuilt

B.willbuild

C.willhavebuilt

D.a(chǎn)retobuild高考鏈接9C被動語態(tài)應(yīng)注意的問題一、8種基本形式的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)1.Theydotheirhomeworkeveryday.他們每天做作業(yè)?!鶷heirhomeworkisdone

bythemeveryday.2.ThepolicemansenthimtohospitallastSunday.這位警察上個(gè)星期日把他送到了醫(yī)院。→Hewassent

tohospitalbythepolicemanlastSunday.3.Wewillrepairthesedesksnextyear.明年我們將修理這些課桌?!鶷hesedeskswillbe

repairedbyusnextyear.4.Thechildrenareplayingbasketballnow.孩子們正在打籃球。→Basketballisbeingplayed

bythechildrennow.5.TheywerediscussingtheproblemwhenIenteredthemeetingroom.我走進(jìn)會議室時(shí),他們正在討論這個(gè)問題。→WhenIenteredthemeetingroom,theproblemwasbeingdiscussed

bythem.6.Wehavealreadycleanedtheblackboard.我們已經(jīng)擦了黑板了?!鶷heblackboardhasalreadybeencleaned

byus.7.WhenIgottotheclassroom,thestudentshadturnedoffallthelights.我到教室時(shí),學(xué)生們已經(jīng)把所有的燈都關(guān)了?!鶺henIgottotheclassroom,allthelightshadbeenturned

offbythestudents.8.Theteachertoldusthatwewouldfinishtheworkintwoweeks.老師告訴我們兩周內(nèi)我們要完成這個(gè)工作?!鶷heteachertoldusthattheworkwouldbefinishedbyusintwoweeks.二、被動語態(tài)的幾種特殊結(jié)構(gòu)及注意事項(xiàng)1.情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài):情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞。Hemustfinishalltheworkbefore5o'clockthisafternoon.他必須在今天下午5點(diǎn)之前完成所有的工作?!鶤lltheworkmustbefinishedbyhimbefore5o'clockthisafternoon.2.短語動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時(shí),要注意保持短語動詞的完整性,動詞后面原有的介詞或副詞不可遺漏,不可分割。主動:Shetookgoodcareofthechildren.她把這些孩子照顧得很好。被動:Thechildrenweretakengoodcareofbyher.3.含直接賓語和間接賓語的主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)時(shí)有兩種情況:①把間接賓語改為被動語態(tài)的主語,直接賓語仍保留原位;②把直接賓語改為主動語態(tài)的主語,此時(shí),間接賓語前要加介詞to或for(這些動詞有teach,show,tell,buy,give,send,take,bring,ask,get,pay,pass,lend,offer,sing等)。Hegavetheboyanapple.Theboywasgivenanapple.(或Anapplewasgiventotheboy.)他給了男孩一個(gè)蘋果。4.不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的主動語態(tài),改為被動語態(tài)時(shí)不定式前要加to(這些動詞有make,let,have,see,hear,notice,watch等詞)。Theywatchedthechildrensingthatmorning.Thechildrenwerewatchedtosingthatmorning.他們那天早上觀看了孩子們唱歌。三、主動表被動的情況1.系動詞feel,smell,sound,taste,look后接形容詞或名詞。Thedishtastesgood.菜嘗起來可口。2.當(dāng)wash,write,cut,sell表示主語的某種特性時(shí),接副詞(well,easily)等,主動表被動。(1)Thepenwritessmoothly.這鋼筆寫字很流暢。(2)Theclothessellwell.這衣服好賣。3.want,need,require表示“需要”時(shí),后接-ing表被動。Yourhairneedscutting.=Y(jié)ourhairneedstobecut.你需要理發(fā)了。4.beworth+doingsth.也表被動。Thebookisworthreading.這書值得一讀。5.betoblame主動表被動,譯成“該受責(zé)備的”或“應(yīng)承擔(dān)責(zé)任的”。Youaretoblame.你將受到責(zé)備。6.“be+adj.+todosth.”動詞不定式,主動表被動。(1)Thiskindofwaterisn'tfittodrink.這水不適合喝。(2)Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer.這問題很難回答。1.—Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes,it________verysoft.A.isfeeling

B.felt

C.feels

D.isfelt2.Thiskindofcloth________________(好洗).3.Whodoyouthink________fortheaccident?A.toblame

B.tobeblamed

C.istobeblamed

D.istoblame4.Hisshoesrequirerepairing.=Hisshoesrequire_________________.5.Thebookiseasy_________(讀).6.Sheboughtmeapenyesterday.→Apenwasboughtformebyheryesterday.→Iwasboughtapen________heryesterday.Exercise10CwasheswellDtoberepairedtoreadby7.Hetoldmetowaitforyou.→被動:Iwastold________________foryou.8.Theymadehimcry.→被動:Hewasmade________________.9.Hesawthegirlcleaningtheclassroomyesterday.→Thegirlwasseen__________theclassroomyesterdaybyhim.10.Wemusttakegoodcareoftheyoungtrees.→Theyoungtreesmust________________goodcareof.towaittocrycleaningbetaken四、被動語態(tài)的特殊句型1.be(get)+過去分詞。被動形式主動含義例句beseated坐下Pleasebeseated.bedressed穿衣Heisdressedinred.getpaid得到報(bào)酬Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallygetpaidbythehour.gethurt受傷Hegothurtwhengettingoffthebike.getchanged換衣服Sarah,hurryup.I'mafraidyoucan'thavetimetogetchangedbeforetheparty.getmarried結(jié)婚Hehasgot(been)marriedfor5years.gettreated治療Thewoundedwillgettreated.belostinthought陷入沉思Hewaslostinthoughtwhenheheardthenews.2.當(dāng)say,believe,think,report,expect,know等詞后接賓語從句時(shí),通常情況下用it作形式主語,原來的賓語從句作為主語從句仍放在謂語動詞之后,譯成中文為“據(jù)……”等。Itissaidthat…“據(jù)說……”;Itisreportedthat…“據(jù)報(bào)道……”;Itishopedthat…“希望……”;Itiswellknownthat…“眾所周知……”;Itissuggestedthat…“有人建議……”;Itisexpectedthat…“有望……”。(1)Itissaidthatheisrich.據(jù)說他是個(gè)富人。(2)Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow.據(jù)報(bào)道明天會下雨。3.makeoneselfunderstood/heard使自己被別人理解/聽見。(1)Iwilltrymybesttomakemyselfunderstood.我盡力讓大家明白我的意思。(2)I'lltrymybesttomakemyselfheard.我將盡力使我自己讓他人聽清楚。Goodmedicine________bitter.(2012年)A.istasted

B.wastastedC.betastesD.tastes高考鏈接10D1.Idon'tknowwhenshe________back.Butwhenshe________back,I'llletyouknow.A.comes;comes

B.willcome;willcomeC.comes;willcome

D.willcome;comes重點(diǎn)知識點(diǎn)撥【試題點(diǎn)撥】本題考查賓語從句和主將從現(xiàn)。題意“我不知道她什么時(shí)候回來。但當(dāng)她回來時(shí),我會讓你知道的”,由“Idon'tknowwhenshe________back”,when后是賓語從句;“Butwhenshe________back”是狀語從句,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來,根據(jù)這一點(diǎn),A、B、C可直接排除,故選D。D2.ItisreportedthatthebookHarryPotter________intomanylanguagessinceitcameout.A.hasbeentranslated

B.wastranslating

C.wasbeingtranslated

D.willbetranslatingA【試題點(diǎn)撥】本題考查動詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和被動語態(tài)。題意“《哈利波特》自從出版以來,已被翻譯成許多種語言”,since引導(dǎo)的從句用過去時(shí),而主句的動作從過去開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,故應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),book與translate之間應(yīng)為被動關(guān)系。因此,正確答案為A。3.Iwillneedonemoreweekbeforethework________.A.finished

B.willbefinished

C.isfinished

D.hasfinishedC【試題點(diǎn)撥】本題考查動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的被動語態(tài)和“主將從現(xiàn)”的用法,因?yàn)閎efore引導(dǎo)的從句用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來,thework與finish之間構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系,題意為“要完成這項(xiàng)工作,我還需一周”。因此,正確答案為C。Ⅰ.語法選擇從A、B、C、D中選出可以填入空白處的最佳答案。1.IfirstmetLisathreeyearsago.She________ataradioshopatthetime.A.hasworked

B.wasworking

C.hadbeenworking

D.hadworked2.Whentheygotthere,thefire________.A.wasputout

B.putout

C.hadputout

D.hadbeenputout3.Tellhimaboutitassoonashe________.A.returns

B.willreturn

C.isreturning

D.isgoingtoreturn4.Look!Anewhospital________nearmyhouse.A.hasbuilt

B.havebuilt

C.isbeingbuilt

D.wasbeingbuilt專題綜合訓(xùn)練BDAC5.Tom,guesswhat?I________Michelinthestreetjustnow.A.see

B.saw

C.haveseen

D.hadseen6.Ihavetofinishmyhomeworkbeforemyfather________back,orhewillbeangry.A.comes

B.came

C.hascome

D.willcome7.AftersupperTom________downinbedandsoonfellasleep.(2005年)A.lied

B.lay

C.lain

D.laid8.WeallknowthatthenextOlympicgames________inTokyoin2020becauseofCOVID-19/NCP.A.isbeingputoff

B.willbeputoff

C.hasbeenputoff

D.willbeputtingoff9.Theclassroomhad_______byherstudentswhensheenteredtheclassroom.A.beencleanedB.cleanedC.beingcleanedD.cleanBABBB10.Theteachercameinand___thestudentstodosomeexercises.(2007年)A.totell

B.telling

C.told

D.hadtold11.Ifit________finetomorrow,wewillgooutforapicnic.A.willbe

B.be

C.wouldbe

D.is12.Manybigtreeswerelyingacrosstheroad.They________downintheheavystorm.A.wasbeingblownB.hadbeenblownC.wasblowingD.hadblown13.Don'ttalksoloudly.Yourmother________.A.sleeps

B.hasslept

C.issleeping

D.slept14.Shesaidthatshe________toBeijing.A.hadneverbeen

B.hasbeen

C.wasnever

D.hasneverbeen15.Bequick!Please,Mary,thetrain________at7a.m.A.isstarting

B.hasstarted

C.wouldstart

D.startsDBCADC16.Mr.Smith________moreoftheothersthanhimself,andhesetsagoodexampletous.A.isalwaysthinking

B.isthought

C.wasalwaysthinkingD.isthinking17.He________ameetingthistimetomorrow.A.hashad

B.wouldhave

C.willbehaving

D.washaving18.Iwasastonishedtohearthattheradio________300yuan.A.hascost

B.cost

C.costed

D.wascost19.He________upearlysincehischildhood.A.usedtoget

B.usedtogetting

C.hasbeenusedtogetD.hasbeenusedtogetting20.Herfatherhas________inbedfortwoweeks.A.lay

B.lain

C.beenlying

D.laidCBDBAⅡ.完成句子根據(jù)所給漢語提示,完成英語句子。1.Thematerial______________(摸起來很軟).2.Ihaven'tseenyou__________________________(在過去的三年里).3.One________________(受到懲罰)ifheorshebreaksthelaw.4.LastweekTompromisedthathe______________________________(會來)todaybuthedidn'tarrive.5.BytheendofthiscenturyChina_________________(將變得)muchstrongerandricher.6.PleaseaskTomtocomeherewhen____________(他完成)hiscompositiontonight.7.—Whydoes

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