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2.2基本不等式(精講)(提升版)思維導(dǎo)圖思維導(dǎo)圖考點(diǎn)呈現(xiàn)考點(diǎn)呈現(xiàn)例題剖析例題剖析考點(diǎn)一基本不等式常考形式【例1-1】(2022·河北石家莊·高三階段練習(xí))(多選)已知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,則(
)A.SKIPIF1<0的最小值是1 B.SKIPIF1<0的最小值是SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0的最小值是4 D.SKIPIF1<0的最小值是5【答案】BC【解析】由已知,得SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí)取等號(hào),所以SKIPIF1<0的最大值是SKIPIF1<0,所以選項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)誤;SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0時(shí)取等號(hào),所以SKIPIF1<0的最小值是SKIPIF1<0,所以選項(xiàng)B正確;SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí)取等號(hào),所以SKIPIF1<0的最小值是4,所以選項(xiàng)C正確;SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí)取等號(hào),所以SKIPIF1<0的最小值是SKIPIF1<0,所以選項(xiàng)D錯(cuò)誤.故選:BC.【例1-2】(2022·全國(guó)·模擬預(yù)測(cè))已知a,b為非負(fù)數(shù),且滿足SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最大值為(
)A.40 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.42 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】D【解析】SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí)取“=”,則SKIPIF1<0,所以當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0的最大值為SKIPIF1<0.故選:D【例1-3】(2022·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí))已知正實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0滿足SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最小值為(
)A.9 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.10 D.無最小值【答案】A【解析】由SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以:SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時(shí)等號(hào)成立,所以SKIPIF1<0的最小值為SKIPIF1<0,故選:A【例1-4】(2022·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí))已知實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,滿足SKIPIF1<0,若不等式SKIPIF1<0對(duì)任意的正實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0恒成立,那么實(shí)數(shù)m的最大值為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.3 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】D【解析】設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,所以函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上為增函數(shù),∵
SKIPIF1<0∴
SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí)等號(hào)成立,∵不等式SKIPIF1<0對(duì)任意的正實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0恒成立,∴SKIPIF1<0,故選:D.【一隅三反】1.(2022·海南)(多選)已知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0是正實(shí)數(shù),則下列選項(xiàng)正確的是(
)A.若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0有最小值2B.若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0有最大值5C.若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0有最大值SKIPIF1<0D.SKIPIF1<0有最小值SKIPIF1<0【答案】AC【解析】對(duì)于A,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時(shí)取等號(hào),則SKIPIF1<0有最小值2,故A正確;對(duì)于B,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時(shí)取等號(hào),則SKIPIF1<0有最大值4,故B錯(cuò)誤;對(duì)于C,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時(shí)取等號(hào),則則SKIPIF1<0有最大值SKIPIF1<0,故C正確;對(duì)于D,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,故D錯(cuò)誤;故選:AC2.(2022·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí)(理))若a,b,c均為正實(shí)數(shù),則SKIPIF1<0的最大值為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】A【解析】因?yàn)閍,b均為正實(shí)數(shù),則SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時(shí)取等號(hào),則SKIPIF1<0的最大值為SKIPIF1<0.故選:A.3.(2022·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí))已知三次函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,則SKIPIF1<0最小值為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】D【解析】SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,SKIPIF1<0恒成立,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0(當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時(shí)取等號(hào)),SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0的最小值為SKIPIF1<0.故選:SKIPIF1<0.4.(2022·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí))若兩個(gè)正實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0滿足SKIPIF1<0且存在這樣的SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0使不等式SKIPIF1<0有解,則實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【解析】由SKIPIF1<0知,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),等號(hào)成立,則使不等式SKIPIF1<0有解,只需滿足SKIPIF1<0即可,解得SKIPIF1<0故選:C5.(2022·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí))若實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0滿足SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最大值為________.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】由SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,其中SKIPIF1<0.則SKIPIF1<0,從而SKIPIF1<0,記SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,不妨設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時(shí)取等號(hào),即最大值為SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.考點(diǎn)二基本不等式與其他知識(shí)綜合【例2-1】(2022·河南許昌)若直線SKIPIF1<0被圓SKIPIF1<0截得的弦長(zhǎng)為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最小值為()A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】D【解析】圓的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方程為SKIPIF1<0,圓心為SKIPIF1<0,半徑為SKIPIF1<0,若直線被截得弦長(zhǎng)為SKIPIF1<0,說明圓心在直線:SKIPIF1<0上,即SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時(shí),等號(hào)成立.故選:D.【例2-2】.(2022·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí))設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的最大值為___________.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0等號(hào)成立.故最大值為SKIPIF1<0.【例2-3】(2022·山東·廣饒一中)直角三角形SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0是斜邊SKIPIF1<0上一點(diǎn),且滿足SKIPIF1<0,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0在過點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0的直線上,若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則下列結(jié)論錯(cuò)誤的是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0為常數(shù) B.SKIPIF1<0的最小值為SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0的最小值為SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0的值可以為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0【答案】B【解析】如下圖所示:由SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0三點(diǎn)共線,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,故A正確;所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0時(shí),也滿足SKIPIF1<0,則D選項(xiàng)正確;SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),等號(hào)成立,C成立;SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),即SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0時(shí)等號(hào)成立,故B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤.故選:B【一隅三反】1.(2022·江西·臨川一中)已知SKIPIF1<0是正實(shí)數(shù),函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象經(jīng)過點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最小值為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.9 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.2【答案】B【解析】由函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象經(jīng)過SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0.SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí)取到等號(hào).故選:B.2.(2022·江西·模擬預(yù)測(cè)(理))在正項(xiàng)等比數(shù)列SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,前三項(xiàng)的和為7,若存在m,SKIPIF1<0使得SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最小值為()A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】B【解析】設(shè)等比數(shù)列SKIPIF1<0的公比為q,SKIPIF1<0前三項(xiàng)的和為7,則SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0(舍去),又由SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),等號(hào)成立,且m,SKIPIF1<0,故選:B3.(2022·安徽省舒城中學(xué))如圖,在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0是線段SKIPIF1<0上的一點(diǎn),且SKIPIF1<0,過點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0的直線分別交直線SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最小值是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【解析】由條件可得SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0∴SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0三點(diǎn)共線,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時(shí)取等號(hào),故SKIPIF1<0的最小值是SKIPIF1<0;故選:C.4.(2022·廣東·廣州六中高一期末)己知第二象限角SKIPIF1<0的終邊上有異于原點(diǎn)的兩點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最小值為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.3 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.4【答案】B【解析】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,又第二象限角SKIPIF1<0的終邊上有異于原點(diǎn)的兩點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時(shí),等號(hào)成立,故選:B5.(2021·江蘇·揚(yáng)州大學(xué)附屬中學(xué))不等式SKIPIF1<0的解集為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最大值為____________.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),即不等式SKIPIF1<0的解集為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,要使得SKIPIF1<0有意義,此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),若不等式SKIPIF1<0的解集為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以,SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),則SKIPIF1<0,此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),則SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),等號(hào)成立.綜上所述,SKIPIF1<0的最大值為SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.6.(2022·安徽·合肥一中)已知圓SKIPIF1<0的半徑為3,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0為該圓的兩條切線,SKIPIF1<0為切點(diǎn),則SKIPIF1<0的最小值為___________.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】如圖所示,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0),SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0即SKIPIF1<0時(shí)等號(hào)成立,∴SKIPIF1<0的最小值是SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.7.(2021·四川達(dá)州·一模(文))定義在SKIPIF1<0上的函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0滿足SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0.設(shè)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上最小值為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0___________.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時(shí),取等號(hào);所以當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0;又SKIPIF1<0所以SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),則SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0;又SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上最小值為SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),則SKIPIF1<0所以SKIPIF1<0即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0所以數(shù)列SKIPIF1<0是以SKIPIF1<0為首項(xiàng),3為公差的等差數(shù)列,即SKIPIF1<0所以SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.考點(diǎn)三連用兩次基本不等式【例3】(2021·廣東河源·模擬預(yù)測(cè))函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的最小值為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【解析】SKIPIF1<0(當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0
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