暖通空調(diào)與冰箱工業(yè)中英文對照外文翻譯文獻

中英文資料外文翻譯文獻IndiaHVAC&RGoesGlobalThetotalmarketsizein2008fortheHVAC&RindustryinIndiawasapproximately$2.5billion.Thatyear,Indiaproducedroughly5millionrefrigerators,2.5millionroomairconditioners,packagedairconditionersofvariouscapacities,andpackagedchillersofreciprocating,scroll,screwandabsorptiontypes.OtherHVAC&RproductsmanufacturedinIndiaincludeair-handlingunits,fan-coilunits,refrigerationsystemsforcoldroomsandfreezerrooms;low-temperaturebrinechillersforindustry;andcommercialrefrigerationequipmentforfoodstoresandsupermarkets.ThefollowingstoriesdescribesomeIndiancompaniesthataremakingtheirmarkinternationally.HeatPumpsinDenmarkThermaxabsorptionheatpumpsandchillersarefindingincreasingacceptancewithEuropeanandU.S.clientsthatwantenergy-efficientequipment.Businessesaredemandingsystemsthatcanreducecarbonemissionsandhelpcopewithglobalwarming.Overthelastdecade,ThermaxhasworkedinoptimizingenergyuseinDenmarkbyinstallingabsorptionheatpumpsforcentralizedheating,whichisareverseapplicationofcentralizedcoolingwithabsorptionchillers.Hotwaterfromacentralgenerationfacilityisusedforspaceheatingintownbuildings.Theheatingcompaniesreducetheenergyintensityatgeneratingcentersbytappinglow-gradeheatfromothersourcessuchasgeothermalheatfromsandstoneaquifersorwasteheatfromtownincinerators.Sinceitsfirstinstallationin1999,Thermaxabsorptionheatpumpsareoperatinginseveraldistrictheatinginstallations.Recently,thecompanyisfulfillinganorderfora3.4MWsteamabsorptionchillertobeinstalledindowntownCopenhagenaspartofadistrictcoolingproject.Thetotalcapacityoftheplantis15MW,whichusestheoutputoftheThermaxchiller,freecoolingusingseawaterandammoniachillers.Theplantwillsaveapproximately2,500tons(2268Mg)ofcarbondioxideperyear.InSpain,Thermaxhascommissionedchillersinhotelsandofficebuildingsthatrunonwaterheatedbysolarpanels.ClientselsewhereinEuropealsouseThermaxchillersthatworkonexhaustgasfromfuelcellsorexcesssteamfromoldboilersthatusewoodwaste.IntheUnitedKingdom,largeretailerTescohasinstalledThermaxchillersattwostoresaspartofaplantoreduceitscarbonfootprintthroughvariousmeasures,includingusingenergy-savingdevices.ThechillersusewaterfromthecogenerationsystemthatTescohasinstalledforgeneratingpower.IntheUnitedStates,a1,100kWtestengineinstalledataplantofaleadingplasticsmanufacturerinOhiogeneratedagreatdealofwasteheat.Thermaxharnessedthiswasteheattodriveanabsorptionchiller.Wasteheatisconvertedtoenergysavingsaschilledwaterfromthissystemisusedforprocesscoolingintheplant.Morethan150businesscustomersintheUnitedStatesaregainingfromenergyprofitsandgreenreputationsbyinstallingThermaxchillers.Recently,theUniversityatAlbany-StateUniversityofNewYork，replaceditsold,inefficientcoolingsystemwitha1,400ton(4924kW)chillerthatworksonhotwater.Theuniversityhasgained35%energyefficiencywithsubstantialsavingsinoperatingandmaintenancecosts.TheHenryFordMuseuminDetroitandColoradoSchoolofMinesinGolden,Colo.,alsohaveThermaxchillers.Underarecentstrategicagreement,Trane,aleadingglobalindoorcomfortsystemsandserviceproviderfortheNorthAmericanmarket,willsourceanddistributeThermaxchillers.HeatWheelsinAustraliaWhatdoahospitalinAustralia,auniversityinFlorida,ahigh-techcommercialbuildinginDubai,achurchinBrazil,theOlympicstadiumandairportinBeijingandanindoorswimmingpoolinTasmaniahaveincommon?TheindoorairqualityprovidedbyDRI,DesiccantRotorsInternational,isaheatwheelmanufacturerinDelhi.AflagshipcompanyofthePahwaEnterprises,itisthelargestprivatelyheldHVACgroupinIndia.KingEdwardMemorialHospital(KEM)inPerth,Australia,isarenowned,state-ownedhealth-careproviderforwomen,withmorethan400bedsandalargestaffofspecialists.KEMisgearedtoprovidethehigheststandardsofhealthcareandpatientservicing,whereindoorairqualityplaysavitalrole.TheoriginalHVACinstallationcarriedout30yearsagowasaheadofitstime.Itincorporatedheatrecoverywheels(HRW)tosaveenergyandprovidebetterindoorairquality.ThewheelswereimportedfromtheUnitedStatesandthealuminumsubstratewassuppliedin20segments.Withthepassageoftime,thesubstratedisintegratedandfelloffinallfourwheels.Asaresult,thewheelsbecamenon-operationalandKEMHospitalandtheauthoritieshadatoughtimefindingasupplierthatcouldsupplynewwheelsinsectionsthatcouldpassthroughthedoorwayswithoutbreakingdownthewallsoftheAHUroom.Theyalsohaddifficultyfindinganinstallerwhocoulddismantletheoldsteelframes,alsoinsections,sothebuildingcouldremainintact.Fortunately,DRI,throughitsAustralianagentagreedtocustommanufactureafive-segmentwheelinitsfactory,shipittothesite,installandcommissionthenewwheel,allunderthesupervisionofalocalconsultant.Withthecompletionoftheretrofitproject,KEMHospital’sindoorairqualityimproved.AmongotherprojectsDRIhasdonearetheBeijingOlympics;PacificControls,whichisDubai’sfirstgreenbuilding;andthesecondtallestbuildinginChina,whichisthe450m(1,476ft)tallNanjingGreenLandSquare,whichareallequippedwithEcofreshwheelsproducedinDelhi.OtherDRIfacts:?Largestglobalproducerofenthalpywheels;?World’sonlyAHRIandEuroventcertifiedrotorsmanufacturer;?Integratedrotormanufacturingfacility;?World-classrotor(enthalpyaswellasdesiccant)testfacility;?SalesnetworkspreadoverIndia,U.S.,Brazil,Europe,UAE,Turkey,Africa,China,Malaysia,Philippines,Japan,KoreaandAustralia;and?AwardedAHRIcertificationperformanceawardforachievinga100%successrateforsevenconsecutiveyears.HeatPumpsinEuropeBlueStarbeganexportingdrinkingwatercoolerstotheGulfcountriesintheMiddleEastasearlyas1974.ThelargestainlesssteelstoragetankdesignofthecoolerswassuitableforIndiaandtheGulfcountrieswherecitywatersupplywasintermittent.AlthoughlocalbuyersinitiallyresistedbuyingBlueStarcoolers,withimprovedqualityandtimelydeliveriesthecompany’ssky-bluewatercoolersbecamevisibleateverymosqueandschoolinDubaiandKuwait.Intheearly1990s,BlueStarmadelargeinvestmentsinnewplant,machinery,technologyandR&DforHVAC&Rproductstohandlethegrowingmarketwithinthecountry.In1999,thecompanystartedexportingductedairconditionersofupto7.5ton(26kW)capacity,aswellaswindowandsplitroomACs.AsubstantialpartoftheseproductswerespeciallydesignedforanAmericancompany;prototypeswerebuiltandtestedinIndiaandtheU.S.,tosuittheneedsoftheU.S.manufacturerfortheMiddleEastmarket.LabeledwiththeU.S.brandname,butwiththewords“MadeinIndia,”customersnolongerhesitatedtobuysuchproducts.Asmanyas170,000unitaryproductsweresoldwithinafewyears.BuoyedbythissuccessintheMiddleEast,theAmericancompanydecidedtoentertheEuropeanmarketwithitsbrandandonceagainchoseBlueStartodesignductableheatpumpsforthismarket,usingR-407Crefrigerant(insteadofR-22intheMiddleEast)withasleekappearance,compactfootprint,stringentsafetyandnoiserequirements.EleventhousandunitshavebeenshippedtoEurope.With$500,000inexportsin1999,todaythecompanyhasnearly$25millioninexportsandshipsdrinkingwatercoolers,ductedsplitACsandheatpumps,andair-handlingunits,fancoilunits,scrollchillers,screwchillers,closecontrolpackagedACs,aswellasspecialunitsforthetelecommarket.Alargenumberofdistributorsandbusinesspartnershelpthecompanytocatertothegrowingmarketinvariousneighboringcountries.WithanincreasedR&Dspending,BlueStarplanstoshipmoreproductstotheinternationalmarket.CoolersinEuropeAir-cooledfluidcoolers(ACFC)areastheradiatorinyourcar,helpingtokeeptheenginecool,bycirculatingcoolingwaterthroughtheenginejacketandtheradiator.Theyarelargerincoolingcapacityandareusedincaptivepowerplantstocoolthedieselenginesorgasturbinesthatdrivetheelectricgenerators.Withscarcityofwaterandshortageofelectricpowerinmostpartsofthedevelopingworld,InternationalCoilLtd(ICL)ofDelhihasdevelopedACFCstocoolthejacketsofdieselenginesorgasturbinesrunninggeneratorsin8MWpowerplantsorlargercapacitywithmultiplesof8MW,usedbyindustrytoruntheirplants,insteadofcoolingtowers,whichconsumelargeamountsofwater.WithhundredsofinstallationsofACFCsinIndia,millionsofcubicmetersofwaterarebeingsaved,provingthemtobeagoodenvironment-friendlysolution.CertifiedbyAHRI,theseACFCscanalsobesuppliedwithHeresitecoatingtoreducecorrosioninsalineatmospheres.InternationallyreputablemanufacturersofpowerplantsrunningondieselenginesorgasturbinesincludingRollsRoyceofEngland,MANofGermany,WartsilaofFinlandandCumminsoftheU.S.,havesignedOEMagreementswithICLtouseACFCsontheirsuppliesofgeneratorstomostpartsofthedevelopingworld.MEPContractinginMiddleEastIntheearly1970s,theMiddleEastembarkedonambitiousplansofmodernizationandbuildingconstruction.Withasmalldomesticpopulation,theregiondependedheavilyonconstructionlaborfromtheIndiansubcontinent,whichisonlyafewhoursawaybyair.ArabandEuropeancompanieswithofficesintheGulfluredexperiencedIndianHVACengineerswithsalariesthreetofourtimeshigherthansalariesprevailinginIndia,freecompanycars,petrolcheaperthanwaterandnoincometax.Voltas,beingoneofthelargestHVACcompanies,sufferedcripplingmanpowerlossesthattooktimetoreplenishwiththehelpoffreshlygraduatedengineers.Inaway,theseeventsturnedouttobeablessingindisguise,becauseArabemployersweresoimpressedwithIndianengineeringskillsthatmanyofthemstarteddoingbusinesswithVoltasinjointventures,whichtookonlargeHVACcontractsinitiallyandthenwentinforcompleteelectro-mechanicalprojects,includingelectricalandplumbing.HVACforQueenMaryIITheexperiencegainedfromworkintheGulfStatesandcontactsestablishedwithinternationalsuppliersallovertheworldofequipmentandaccessories,includingpiping,sheetmetal,andinsulation,ledtoVoltas’sambitiontotakeontheworld.So,Voltasbidandwoncontractsin30countriesandthreecontinents,includingtheHVACcontractforHongKongAirportandthelargestluxurylinereverbuilt,QueenMaryII,whileitwasunderconstructioninaFrenchport.Thecompanyispartofthe$62.5billionTataGroupandisthenumbertwoair-conditionerbrandinthecountry.Thefirmmanufacturedthefirstroomairconditionerin1954.IthasoverseasofficesinDubai,AbuDhabi,Qatar,Bahrain,SingaporeandHongKong.印度暖通空調(diào)與冰箱工業(yè)走向世界2008年，印度的暖通空調(diào)與冰箱工業(yè)的市場總量為25億美元。那一年，印度大約生產(chǎn)了500萬臺冰箱，250萬臺室內(nèi)空調(diào)，組裝出多種功能的空調(diào)和往復，滾動，螺桿，吸收等類型的冷卻裝置。在印度，其他類型的暖通空調(diào)與冰箱產(chǎn)品包括冷藏室和冷凍室的空氣處理機組、風機盤管機組、制冷系統(tǒng)；工業(yè)用低溫鹽水機組，食品商店和超級市場的商業(yè)用制冷設備。下面的幾個故事描述了一些正在使自己的品牌走向國際的印度公司。丹麥的熱汞契馬黑吸收熱汞越來越多地被那些想要獲得節(jié)能設備的歐洲和美國客戶的認可?，F(xiàn)在的企業(yè)都在要求暖通空調(diào)和制冷設備能減少碳的排放量，以應對全球性變暖。在過去的十年里，契馬黑曾在丹麥通過為集中供暖系統(tǒng)安裝吸收熱泵的方法優(yōu)化能源的使用，這是用吸收式制冷機集中冷卻的反向運用。中央系統(tǒng)設施中的熱水被用于城市建筑物的室內(nèi)供暖。供熱公司通過像砂巖含水層的地熱能源或城鎮(zhèn)焚化爐的廢熱等其他熱能來源來供應低品質(zhì)的熱能的方式來降低生產(chǎn)中心的能源強度。自1999年的首次安裝以來,契馬黑的吸收熱泵目前正運行于幾個地區(qū)的供熱裝置中。最近,該公司正在完成一筆3.4兆瓦的蒸汽吸收式制冷機組訂單，這個機組安裝在哥本哈根市中心，作為地區(qū)冷卻項目的一部分。設備總容量為15兆瓦，使用的是契馬黑的冷卻裝置輸出，通過海水和氨冷卻裝置達到免費冷卻。該工廠將每年節(jié)省約2500噸(2268兆克)的二氧化碳排放。在西班牙,契馬黑的冷卻裝置已經(jīng)委托裝入了用太陽能供應熱水的酒店和辦公大樓。歐洲其他地區(qū)的客戶也用契馬黑冷卻裝置來排出燃料油箱內(nèi)的廢氣或舊鍋爐中的過量蒸汽以避免木材的浪費。在英國，大型零售商樂購在其中的兩家商店安裝契馬黑冷卻裝置作為通過各種方法來減少碳排放量這一計劃的一部分，包括用節(jié)能裝置。冷卻裝置用的是用于樂購發(fā)電的冷熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生的水。在美國，一臺1100千瓦的測試引擎安裝在一間俄亥俄州領先的塑料制造商的工廠內(nèi)，這樣的工廠會產(chǎn)生大量的廢熱。契馬黑利用這個余熱作為吸收式制冷機的動力。余熱轉(zhuǎn)化為能量儲蓄是因為來自這個系統(tǒng)的冷凍水被用于冷卻工廠生產(chǎn)過程中產(chǎn)生的熱。超過150個美國的客戶通過安裝契馬黑冷卻系統(tǒng)來獲得能源上的利益和綠色環(huán)保的良好聲譽。最近，奧爾巴尼洲大學紐約城市學院用一個有1400噸(4924千瓦)的熱水冷卻裝置來代替舊的、低效率的冷卻系統(tǒng)。這所大學在操作和維護成本上的實質(zhì)性節(jié)約能夠達到35%的能源效率。在底特律的亨利福特博物館和的地雷和科羅拉多州金山的科羅拉多州礦業(yè)學院也有契馬黑冷水機。在最近的戰(zhàn)略協(xié)議中,在北美市場被譽為全球領先的室內(nèi)舒適系統(tǒng)和服務提供商的特靈空調(diào)會生產(chǎn)提供契馬黑冷水機。澳大利亞的熱車輪澳大利亞的醫(yī)院、佛羅里達州的大學、迪拜高科技的商業(yè)建筑、巴西的教堂、北京的奧林匹克競技場和機場、塔斯馬尼亞島的室內(nèi)游泳池，這些建筑它們有什么共同特點呢？都是由DRI（國際干燥轉(zhuǎn)子）—一個德里的熱車輪制造商來提供的優(yōu)質(zhì)室內(nèi)空氣。它是Pahwa集團旗下的公司，印度最大的民間暖通空調(diào)集團。在澳大利亞佩思的愛德華國王紀念醫(yī)院(凱恩美),是一家非常著名且專門為女性提供服務的國有醫(yī)療機構，擁有超過400個床位和許多專家。凱恩美提供最高水準的醫(yī)療保健和患者服務,因此室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量起著至關重要的作用。原來的暖通空調(diào)30年前就超過了它的使用時間。它采用熱回收車輪(HRW)來節(jié)約能源和提供更高質(zhì)量的室內(nèi)空氣。轉(zhuǎn)輪是從從美國進口的，鋁基板由20塊組成。隨著時間的推移，基體瓦解四個輪子都開始下降。結果，轉(zhuǎn)輪開始不工作，凱恩美醫(yī)院和當?shù)卣?jīng)過了一段艱難的去尋找能提供新的輪子的供應商的時期，且要求這些輪子能被分成幾個部分通過門廊,從而不必打通空氣調(diào)節(jié)裝置室的墻。同樣，尋找到一個能夠分幾個部分拆除舊的鋼結構來確保建筑保持完好的安裝工人也十分困難。幸運的是,國際干燥轉(zhuǎn)子通過在澳大利亞的代理公司，同意在他的工廠定制一個五部分的機輪，并用輪船運到澳洲，安裝和調(diào)試新的機輪都是在當?shù)氐念檰柕谋O(jiān)督下進行的。由于新轉(zhuǎn)輪的安裝完成，凱恩美醫(yī)院的室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)有了顯著改善。其他DRI已經(jīng)完成項目有北京的奧運會館，迪拜的第一個綠色建筑——太平洋控股；中國第二高建筑，450米(1476英尺)高的南京綠地廣場，這些都配置有德里生產(chǎn)的自動凈化車輪。其他DRI事跡：?全球最大的焓輪生產(chǎn)商；?世界上唯一的AHRI和EUROVENT雙重認證的轉(zhuǎn)子制造商；?綜合轉(zhuǎn)子制造設備；?世界級的轉(zhuǎn)子(焓以及除濕)測試設備；?銷售網(wǎng)絡覆蓋印度、美國、巴西、土耳其、阿拉伯聯(lián)合酋長國、歐洲、非洲、中國、馬來西亞、菲律賓、日本、韓國和澳大利亞；?授予AHRI認證的連續(xù)7年實現(xiàn)100%成功率。歐洲的供暖裝置早在1974年，藍星公司就開始出口飲用水冷卻器給中東地區(qū)的海灣國家。大型不銹鋼儲罐設計冷卻器很適合印度與海灣國家，那里的城市供水是斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的。盡管當?shù)氐馁徺I者最初抵制購買藍星冷卻器,但質(zhì)量的改進和及時的交貨，使這個公司的天藍冷水器在迪拜、科威特的清真寺和學校變得隨處可見。在20世紀90年代初，藍星公司在空調(diào)制冷領域的工廠、設備、技術和研發(fā)方面都做出了巨大的投資，以此來應對這不斷增長的國內(nèi)外市場需求。1999