2023年南京農業(yè)大學農業(yè)微生物學試題庫及答案

南京農業(yè)大學《微生物學》試題I

注：1.答題前，請準確、清楚地填各項，涂改及模糊不清者、試卷作廢。

2.試卷若有雷同以零分計。

一、名詞解釋(6x5)：

1.Co1ony菌落

2.Virus病毒

3.Biogeochemicalcycle

4.Medium培養(yǎng)基

5.Tansduction轉導

6.Mycorhiza菌根

二、問答題(70分)

l.Whatarethemajordifferencesbetweengram-positiveandGram-

negativebacteria?(5分)

什么是重要差異在革蘭氏陽性之間，革蘭陰性菌？

2.Distinguishbetween(a)phototrophsandchemotrophs,(b)Lithotro

phsandorganotrophs.(4分)

區(qū)分（一個）光能營養(yǎng)型，化能營養(yǎng),（b淋巴細胞）無機營養(yǎng)生物，有機營養(yǎng)菌。

3.Yeastcangrowbothunderaerobicandanaerobicconditions.Whatisthe

differenceinenergyproduction?（8分）酵母能在需氧的，厭氧條件下增長。有什么

不同在能源生產？

4.Drawatypicalbacteriagrowthcurve.Exp1aineachphase.（8分）Inwhat

circumstanee,fi1trationandpasteurizationmethodsareuseful?（6分）IS]

一個典型細菌生長曲線。說明每個相。（8分）在什么環(huán)境，過濾，巴氏消毒法方法有用？

5.Todeterminetheviablecountsofasoilsamp1e,whichmethodis

thebest?Listtheprocedures.（10分）要擬定一個土壤樣品的

可行的計數，哪種方法是最佳的嗎？列出的程序。

6.Thedonorbacterialce11inatransformationisprobab1ydead.Ex

plainwhy.（2分）

7.Whatarethero1esofacloningvector,restrictionenzymes,andD

NAligaseinmolecularcloning?（6分）在分子克隆的克隆載

體，限制性內切酶和DNA連接酶的作用是什么？

8.Whatdoestheterm“antagonism^^means?Explaintheusefulnessinbi

o1ogicalcontro1.（4分）

9.ExplainthefollowingtermsinRhizobium-legumesymbiosis:infection,

hostspecificity,effectiveness,competitiveness.Howtoeva1uatethesy

mbioticeffectivenessingreen-house?（10分）在豆科根瘤菌共生的

感染，宿主特異性，效益，競爭力。溫室共生效益如

何評價？

10.Listthetaxonomichierarchyofc1assification.（7分）

的分類層次。

《微生物學》試題II

本試題一共2道大題，共2頁，滿分100分。考試時間120分鐘。

總分題號一二三四11.六匕八九十

閱卷人題分

核分人得分

注：1.答題前，請準確、清楚地填各項，涂改及模糊不清者、試卷作廢。

2.試卷若有雷同以零分計。

一、名詞解釋(6x5):

1.Bacterialchemotaxis細菌的趨化作用

2.Lichen地衣

3.Chemoorganotroph化能有機營養(yǎng)生物

4.Colony菌落

5.Biogeochemicalcycle生物地球化學循環(huán)

6.Conjugation接合

二、問答題（70分）

1.Whataretheuniquefeaturesofmicroorganismsgram-positive?（10分）

2.WhydoesGram-stainingprocedurestainsomebacteriapurple-violet

andothersred?（10分）

3.Exp1aintheterm“medium”,whatisthepurposetomakeaselective

medium?（10分）

4.Todeterminetheviablecountsofasoilsample,whichmethodist

hebest?Listtheprocedures.（8分）

5.Whataretherolesofacloningvector,restrictionenzymeandDNALig

aseinmo1ecu1arc1oning?（12分）

6.ExplainthefbllowingtermsinRhizobium-1egumesymbiosis:inf

ection,hostspecificity,effectiveness,competitiveness.Howtoeva1uate

thesymbioticeffectivenessingreen-house?（20分）

復習題

Questions-1

1.Whataretheuniquefeaturesofmicroorganism?

2.Listsevera1app1iedareasofmicrobiology.Describetheimpo

rtanceofmicroorganismsineachoftheseapp1iedfields.

3.Discussthedifferencesbetweenprokaryoticandeukaryoticce11s.

4.Whataresomemajordifferencesbetweengram-positiveandGram-ne

gativebacteria.

5.Drawatypicalbacterialcellandidentifyallparts.

6.Definethefoilowingterms

Archaea古菌，flagellum鞭毛，bacteria1chemotaxis細菌的趨化作用，capsu

1e莢膜，spore抱子，cystmesosomep1asmid質粒,simplestaining簡樸

染色,Gramstaining革蘭氏染色，colony菌落，lyticbacteriaphage噬菌體裂解，

Viruse,HIV,SARS,pseudopodia偽足，cyanobacteria藍細菌，Algaeprotozo

a,Lichen地衣，mycorrhiza菌根，yeast酵母菌，mold霉菌，fungi真菌.

7.Listthesexualsporesandasexua1sporesoffungi.

8.WhatistheuniqueabouttheclassDeuteromycetes,makingitdifferent

fromotherclassesoffungi?

Questions-2

1.Whatarethenutrientsthatmicroorganismsrequire?Andwhat

arethefunetionsofthesenutrients?

2.Distinguishbetween(a)phototrophsandchemotrophs,(b)Lithotrophs

andorganotrophs,and(c)autotrophsandheterotrophs.

3.Explaintheterm"medium”.Whatisthepurposeofmakeaselective

medium?

4.Underwhatcircumstancemightyouwishtousesilicalgelas

asolidifyingagentforaculturemedium?

5.Yeastcangrowbothunderaerobicandanaerobicconditions.

Whatisthedifferenceinenergyproduction.

6.Describetheprocessofpassivediffusion.

7.Howispassivediffusiondifferentiatedfromfacilitateddiffusion?

8.Howisgr0uptrans1ocationsimilart0anddifferentfromactive

transportofsolutes?

Questions-3

1.Exp1ainthefollowingterms:

gr0wth,purecu1ture,continuousculture,batchcuIture,synchronous

growth,sterilization,disinfection,antisepsis,optimumtemperalure,

generationtime,acidophile,facultativeanaerobe.

2.Describethemethodsforisolatingpurecu1ture.

3.Differentiatethebatehcultureandcontinuousculture,Indicatetheir

advantagesanddisadvantages.

4.Todeterminetheviablecountsofasolidsample,whichmethodis

thebest?Listtheprocedures.

5.Inwhatcircumstance,filtrationandpasteurizationmethodsareuseful?

6.Drawatypica1bacteriagrowthcurve.Explaineachphase.

Questions4

1.Exp1ainthefollowingterms

Auxotroph,Genotype,phenotype,genome,mutant,mutagen,point

mutation,DNArecombination,conjugation,transduction,transformation,

Cioningvector,mo1ecu1arcloning,polymeraseChainreaction,spo

ntenousmutation,competence

2.Describethephenotypicchangesduetogenemutation

3.Describetheproceduresofreplicaplatingtechniqueforisolationof

mutants.

4.Thedonorbacterialcel1inatransformationisprobablydead.Explain

why.

5.Inconjugation,howaredonorandrecipientcellsbroughtintocontactwit

heachother?

6.Whataretherolesofacioningvector,restrictionenzymes,and

DNAligaseinmolecu1arcloning?

7.WhataretheadvantagesofusingplasmidPBR322asacloningvector?

Questions—5

1.Explainthenfollwingterms

Biogeochemicalcycle,Rhizosphere,Neutralism,Mutualism,Commensalism,

Compelition,Parasitism,Predation,Denitrification,Nitrification,Nitr

ogenase,Leghemog1obin,PGPR

2.Innitrogeneye1e,whatarethemicroorganismsandtheirfunc

tionsinthetransformationofnitrogenforms?

3.Whatdoestheterm"antagonism“means?ExplaintheusefuI