現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)初二

Thepresentperfecttense現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)構(gòu)成及功用Hecan’tfindit

.Hehaslostthekeytohisbike.Helostitashorttimeagoandhestilldoesn'thaveit.

Hecan’tridehisbiketogotoschool.Helooksworried.Tomislookingforhiskey.Presentperfecttense

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

構(gòu)成:have/has

+過去分詞如：haveeaten,havegone,hasdone,hasfinished,haveseen,havebeen,havebought,hasstudied…注意：have/hasbeen只是“have/has+過去分詞〞的一種，并不是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的固定搭配。功能一：表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)這一時(shí)態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)是過去動作與現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系,也就是強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果.presentpastIhaveboughtanapple.OneminuteagonowIboughtanapple.Ihaveanapple.表示過去發(fā)生或完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。①Haveyoureadthatstory?你讀過那個故事嗎？“讀〞這一動作發(fā)生在過去,對現(xiàn)在造成的影響:是否知道故事中的內(nèi)容〕②Ihaveboughttwoapples.我買了兩個蘋果?！病百I〞這一動作發(fā)生在過去,對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果是：擁有兩個蘋果〕功能二：表示過去開始發(fā)生的某一動作一直持續(xù)至今；或某種狀態(tài)從過去保持至今.presentpastIhavelivedherefortwoyears2yearsagonowIlivedhere.Inevermove.Istilllivehere.2.表示過去開始的動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，甚至還可能繼續(xù)下去；常和表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始延續(xù)至今〔包括“現(xiàn)在〞在內(nèi)〕的一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用。如：Theyhavelivedherefortenyears.ShehasstudiedEnglishsincethreeyearsago.Wehaveknowneachothersincewewere9or10.注意：這種用法中的動詞必須是表連續(xù)動作或狀態(tài)的詞，如：live、work、teach、study、stay、wait、know、be、have、learn、wear、walk、sleep等，這類動詞叫做“延續(xù)性動詞〞。標(biāo)志性副詞和狀語A:______yourbrother_________anewwatch?(buy)B:Notyet.Key

wordsHasbought

yetA:_______youever_______tothepark?(be)B:Yes,Iwenttherelastsummer.Key

wordsHavebeen

yeteverI______never______ofanythinglikethat.(hear)Key

wordshaveheard

yeteverneverTom___________inthefactorysinceheleftschooltenyearsago.(work)Key

wordshasworked

yeteverneversinceA:Howlong______you________inthisschool?(teach)B:For6years.Key

wordshavetaughtyeteverneversinceforI______just________thedesk,youcantakeittoyourclassroom.(mend)Key

wordshavemendedyeteverneversinceforjust_______you_______theForbiddenCity(紫禁城)before?(visit)Key

wordsHavevisitedyeteverneversinceforjustbeforeHe____already______ajob.(find)Key

wordshasfoundyeteverneversinceforjustbeforealreadyWe_______only____________thefirstfivequestionssofar.(discuss)Key

wordshavediscussedyeteverneversinceforjustbeforealreadysofarThey______________over24,000fruittreesuptonow.(plant)Key

wordshaveplantedyeteverneversinceforjustbeforealreadysofaruptonowGreatchanges_________________inBeijinginthepast10years.(takeplace)Key

wordshavetakenplaceyeteverneversinceforjustbeforealreadysofaruptonowinthepast10yearsHe__________alotofgoodthingsinhislife.(do)Key

wordshasdoneyeteverneversinceforjustbeforealreadysofaruptonowinthepast10yearsinhislifeI____________herlately.(notsee)Key

wordshaven’tseenyeteverneversinceforjustbeforealreadysofaruptonowinthepast10yearsinhislifelatelyI_________________himrecently.(nothearfrom)Key

wordshaven’theardfromyeteverneversinceforjustbeforealreadysofaruptonowinthepast10yearsinhislifelatelyrecentlyHe___________inthishighschooltillnow.(teach)Key

wordshastaughtyeteverneversinceforjustbeforealreadysofaruptonowinthepast10yearsinhislifelatelyrecentlytillnowalready,yet,ever,never,justalready肯定句，強(qiáng)調(diào)已經(jīng)的意思Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.yet否認(rèn)句、一般疑問句，表示還沒，沒有的意思Hehasn’tfinishedhishomeworkyet.Hashefinishedhishomeworkyet?ever問句，偶爾用于肯定句，表示曾經(jīng)的意思HasJohneverbeentoZhuhai?never含否認(rèn)意思，表示從沒的意思HehasneverbeentoChina.just肯定句，表示剛剛的意思IhavejustcomebackfromChina.already,yet,ever,never,just1.Haveyouseenthefilm(

)?2.-Haveyoudoneyourhomework(

)?-Not(

),Iwilldoitaftersupper.3.-Haveyou(

)beentoEngland?-No,(

).4.Ihave(

)finishedreadingthebook.5.Ihave(

)paidforthecar.yetyetyeteverneverjustalreadyalreadyjust

A.用already或yetHavetheytakendowntheoldpictures______?No,not___________.2)Mostofushavefinishedourcompositions____.3)Hehasn’tvisitedthemuseum________.

B.用since或for1)Wehavelearnedfivelessons____thebeginningofthisterm.2)MrsLiaohasbeeninhospital______lastweek.3)Ihavestayedatmyaunt’s_____twoweeks.Ihavebeenhere______1999.Theyhavekeptthebooks____oneday.Ithasbeencold______twoweeksago.Wehavelearntalot______wecamehere.yetyetalreadyyetsincesinceforsinceforsincesince現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)幾個難點(diǎn)2.goneto/beento/beenin的辨析3.持續(xù)性動詞與非持續(xù)性動詞1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的辨析現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)幾個難點(diǎn)1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)辨析ThepasttenseorthepresentperfecttenseWe____________eachothersincechildhood.We____________eachotherwhenwewereyoung.know

haveknown

knew

ThepasttenseorthepresentperfecttenseI________himjustnow.(see)I_____just_____mypen.(lose)saw

have

lost

ThepasttenseorthepresentperfecttenseHowlong______you______intheUnitedstates?(live)When_____you______here?(move)have

did

move

lived

ThepasttenseorthepresentperfecttenseA:When______you______thefilm?B:I____ittwomonthsago.(see)Thewriter________________severalstory-bookssince5yearsago.(finish)did

hasfinished

see

saw

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)幾個難點(diǎn)2.goneto/beento/beenin的辨析canyoudistinguish?have/hasbeento

have/hasgoneto

have/hasbeenin

1.BillhasgonetoLondon,hewillcomebacktomorrow.

2.A:Wherearethetwins?B:Theyhavegonetothecinema.3.IhavebeentoParistwice.Hehasneverbeenthere.4.A:HaveyoueverbeentoAmerica?B:No,never.5.A:HowlonghaveyoubeeninChina?B:Foroneyear.6.HeleftforEnglandtwodaysago.Hehasbeentherefortwodays.canyoudistinguish?have/hasbeento

have/hasgoneto

have/hasbeenin去過常與ever,never,once,twice,連用在…與時(shí)間段連用用howlong提問去了說話時(shí)某人不在只用于第三人稱

Hersister_____________Australia.Sheleftthismorning.hasgoneto

canyoudistinguish?have/hasbeento

have/hasgoneto

have/hasbeenin去過常與ever,never,once,twice,連用在…與時(shí)間段連用用howlong提問去了說話時(shí)某人不在只用于第三人稱

A:WhereisBob?B:He____________Japanwithhissister.hasgoneto

canyoudistinguish?have/hasbeento

have/hasgoneto

have/hasbeenin去過常與ever,never,once,twice,連用在…與時(shí)間段連用用howlong提問去了說話時(shí)某人不在只用于第三人稱

A:Ihaven’tseenyouforalongtime.Where_____you_____?B:I_____________theUnitedStates.havebeento

havebeencanyoudistinguish?have/hasbeento

have/hasgoneto

have/hasbeenin去過常與ever,never,once,twice,連用在…與時(shí)間段連用用howlong提問去了說話時(shí)某人不在只用于第三人稱

A:Howlong____you_______China?B:I_________herefor3years.havebeenhavebeenincanyoudistinguish?have/hasbeento

have/hasgoneto

have/hasbeenin去過常與ever,never,once,twice,連用在…與時(shí)間段連用用howlong提問去了說話時(shí)某人不在只用于第三人稱

A:_____youever________thecity?B:No,never.Havebeentocanyoudistinguish?have/hasbeento

have/hasgoneto

have/hasbeenin去過常與ever,never,once,twice,連用在…與時(shí)間段連用用howlong提問去了說話時(shí)某人不在只用于第三人稱

We____________Germanymany

timesinthepast3years.havebeento1.whereisJim?He

Wuhan.2.Myparents

theGreatWalltwice.Theylikethereverymuch.

youever

theHappyvalley?Howlong

Peter

theWestHillfarm?Mysister

theshop.Shewillbebackintwohours.She

Shanghai.Sheisn’there.She

Shanghai.Nowsheisback.She

ShanghaifortwoyearshasgonetohavebeentoHavebeentohasbeeninhasgonetohasgonetohasbeentohasbeenin現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)幾個難點(diǎn)3.持續(xù)性動詞與非持續(xù)性動詞前面講到，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去開始的動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，甚至還可能繼續(xù)下去；常和表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始延續(xù)至今〔包括“現(xiàn)在〞在內(nèi)〕的一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用。這種用法中的動詞必須是表連續(xù)動作或狀態(tài)的詞，如：live、work、teach、study、stay、wait、know、be、have、learn、wear、walk、sleep等，這類動詞叫做“延續(xù)性動詞〞。英語中還有另一種動詞，如：buy、join、become、begin、fall、come、go、hear、die、close、open、leave、borrow等，它們只表示短暫的動作，不能表示一個延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，這類動詞叫做“瞬間性動詞〞，它們可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，但是不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語〔for,since〕連用。PleasesayitinEnglish1.我的哥哥是1999年參的軍。Mybrotherjoinedthearmyin1999.Hehasbeeninthearmyfor5years./Hehasbeenasoldiersince5yearsago.2.他參軍已經(jīng)5年了。Somewordsoftheverbscan'toftenbeusedwith"for"or"since"Hehasboughtthebook.Hehasboughtthebookforaweek.Hehashadthebookforaweek.

buyhave/hashadcometohave/hasbeeningotohave/hasbeeningottohave/hasbeeninjoinhave/hasbeeninhave/hasbeenasoldierleavehave/hasbeenawayborrowhave/haskeptbeginhave/hasbeenonfinishhave/hasbeenoverdiehave/hasbeendeadPleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrectShehasboughtthecomputerfortwoyears.hadbuyhave/hashadPleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrectHowlonghaveyoucometotheUnitedStates？beenincometohave/hasbeenin

buyhave/hashadPleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrectAnnhasgonetoChinasincethreemonthsago.beenincometohave/hasbeeninbuyhave/hashadgotohave/hasbeeninPleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrectIhavegottoParisforoneweek.beenincometohave/hasbeeninbuyhave/hashadgotohave/hasbeeningottohave/hasbeeninPleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrectMybrotherhasjoinedthearmyforfiveyears.beeninbeenasoldiercometohave/hasbeeninbuyhave/hashadgotohave/hasbeeningottohave/hasbeeninjoin

have/hasbeeninhave/hasbeenasoldier

PleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrectIhaveleftShanghaifor3days.beenawayfor3days.cometohave/hasbeeninbuyhave/hashadgotohave/hasbeeningottohave/hasbeeninjoin

have/hasbeeninhave/hasbeenasoldier

leave

have/hasbeenaway

PleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrectIhaveborrowedthedictionarysince3daysago.keptcometohave/hasbeeninbuyhave/hashadgotohave/hasbeeningottohave/hasbeeninjoin

have/hasbeeninhave/hasbeenasoldier

leave

have/hasbeenaway

borrow

have/haskeptPleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrectThefilmhasbegunfor10minutes.beenoncometohave/hasbeeninbuyhave/hashadgotohave/hasbeeningottohave/hasbeeninjoin

have/hasbeeninhave/hasbeenasoldier

leave

have/hasbeenaway

borrow

have/haskeptbegin

have/hasbeenon

PleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrectTheconcerthasfinishedforhalfanhour.beenovercometohave/hasbeeninbuyhave/hashadgotohave/hasbeeningottohave/hasbeeninjoin

have/hasbeeninhave/hasbeenasoldier

leave

have/hasbeenaway

borrow

have/haskeptbegin

have/hasbeenon

finish

have/hasbeenover

PleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrectHisdoghasdiedfortwoyears.beendeadcometohave/hasbeeninbuyhave/hashadgotohave/hasbeeningottohave/hasbeeninjoin

have/hasbeeninhave/hasbeenasoldier

leave

have/hasbeenaway

borrow

have/haskeptbegin

have/hasbeenon

finish

have/hasbeenover

die

have/hasbeendead

1.Ihave

borrowedthebookfor2weeks.()2.Thefilmhas

begun

for5minutes.()ABCABCBkept

Bbeenon3.這輛自行車我買了兩年了。I’ve_____thebike_____twoyears.4.HeleftNanjingtwoyearsago.He____________________Nanjingfortwoyears.5.Themonkeydiedlastmonth.Themonkey_______________foramonth.6.A:Honglong_____you____()B:Twoweeks.A.did,getillB.have,fallenillC.were,illD.have,beenillhadforhasbeenawayfromhasbeendeadDTheshophasbeen_______foranhour.A.closeB.closingC.closed2.Howlonghaveyou_____thebook?A.borrowedB.keptC.bought3.They________Guangzhouforanhour.A.leftB.haveleftC.havebeenawayfrom4.Ihave______Foshansincetenyearsago.A.cometoB.arriveinC.beenin5.Iboughtacomputer________.A.fortwodaysB.sincetwodaysagoC.twodaysagoClasshasbeenover__________.A.justnowB.foramomentC.amomentago7.Ihavecomeback_______.A.foranhourB.yetC.already

CBCCCBC2)HejoinedthePartytwomonthsago.He______________Partymemberfortwomonths.He______________thePartysincetwoyearsago.Itistwomonths______he______theParty.hasbeenahasbeeninsincejoined1)I________abike.I______thebikeaweekago.I_________________thebikeforaweek.(買了)2)He______.He_____________fortwodays.(死了)haveboughtboughthavehadhasdiedhasbeendead這只狗死了。這只狗昨天死了。這只狗一天前死了。這只狗死了一天。Thedoghasdied.Thedogdiedyesterday.Thedogdiedadayago.Thedoghasbeendeadforaday._____________________________________________________________________________________________他們離開和順了。他們兩天前離開和順了。他們自從兩天前就離開和順了。/他們離開和順兩天了。

TheyleftHeshun.TheyhaveleftHeshun.TheyleftHeshuntwodaysago._________________TheyhavebeenawayfromHeshunsincetwodaysago.____________________________________________________TheyhavebeenawayfromHeshunfortwodays.______________________________________戲劇開始了。戲劇半小時(shí)前開始了。戲劇開始半個小時(shí)了。我買了一臺電腦。

自從我來到這里就買了一臺電腦。Theplayhasbegun.Theplaybegan

halfanhourago.Theplayhasbeenon

forhalfanhour.Ihaveboughtacomputer.IhavehadacomputersinceIcamehere.小結(jié)：綜合運(yùn)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)“三看三用”一看時(shí)間狀語。如果句中沒有表示過去確切時(shí)間的狀語，常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；如果有，那么只能用一般過去時(shí)。如：Ihavevisitedthefactory.Ivisitedthefactorylastyear.二看句首有無疑問詞。如果籠統(tǒng)地問人家做過某事了嗎〔句首無疑問詞〕，常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；但進(jìn)一步詢問何時(shí)、何地、何原因、用什么方式做那事時(shí)〔句首有疑問詞〕就要用一般過去時(shí)。如：－Haveyouhadyourbreakfast?－Yes,Ihave.－Whendidyouhaveit?－Atseventhirty.三看句中謂語動詞是否為延續(xù)性動詞。如果表示的動作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，最好選用延續(xù)性動詞，并使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；如果是瞬間動詞，那么用一般過去時(shí)。如：Hehasbeenaleaguememberfortwomonths.HejoinedtheYouthLeaguetwomonthsago.注意：這種用法是以連貫性問答為背景的。否那么就需要具體情況具體分析。如：Howmanywordshaveyoulearnedbyheart?Howdidyoulearnthembyheart?一、用ago,使用一般過去時(shí)。

Heleftherethreeyearsago.二、用“Itis+一段時(shí)間＋since＋一般過去時(shí)從句〞Itisthreeyearssincehelefthere.三、用“一段時(shí)間＋have/haspassed+since+一般過去時(shí)從句〞Threeyearshavepassedsincehelefthere.以上三種表示方法適用于所有瞬間動詞。1.I__theway.I__hereforquitemanyyears.

A.knew…h(huán)avelivedB.knew…liveC.know…h(huán)avelivedD.know…live2._____youever_____America?Yes,Ihave.

A.Have…gonetoB.Have…goneinC.Have…beentoD.Have…beenin3.Mybrother____collegeforoverthreeyears.

A.hasgonetoB.hasbeentoC.hasbeenat5.__you_thetextyet?Yes,we__ittwohoursago.

A.Did…copy…didB.Have…copied…h(huán)aveC.Have…copied…didD.Did…copy…h(huán)adCCCC5.“Why______she_______angry?〞“Becausehe_____atherjustnow.〞A.did…get…shoutedB.has…got…shoutedC.did…get…h(huán)asshouted6.__you__thefilmbefore?Where__you__it?A.Have…seen…did…seeB.Did…see…h(huán)ave…seenC.Have…seen…h(huán)ave…seen7.You____mewaitingfortwohours.I____foryousincefive.A.kept…waitedB.havekept…waitedC.kept…h(huán)avewaitedD.havekept…h(huán)avewaitedWhere__John__?Tothelibrary.He__thereforanhour.A.has…been…h(huán)asgoneB.has…gone…h(huán)asbeenC.did…go…wentD.did…be…wentAA

DB用括號中所給的動詞的適當(dāng)形式完成以下句子。Mary_______(lose)herpen.______you______(see)ithereandthere?2.______you______(find)yourwatchyet?3.---Areyouthirsty?---NO,I______just_______(have)someorange.4.We________already______(return)thebook.5.______they_____(build)anewschool6.---HasTomtaughtyouEnglish?---Yes,he______(teach)usEnglishfortwoyears.7.I______(notfinish)myhomeworkyet.Canyouhelpme?8.---Thedoorisopen.Who______(open)it?Doyouknow?---Sorry,Idon’tknow.10.Myfather_____(read)thenoveltwice.11.WuDong_____(be)asoldierforoneyear.12.Thestudents______(study)inthemiddleschoolsincelastmonth.13.Howlong______you______(know)him?14.Mike______(make)quiteafewfriendssincehecametoChina.15.I_____(give)myfriendanicebookrecently.16.LiPingandWuDong______(see)theoldmanthreetimes.17._____sheever_____(teach)youEnglish?18.Thesechildren_____(stay)intheparkfortwohours.Fillintheblankswiththesimplepresent,simplepastorpresentperfecttenseoftheverbsI____(be)ItheU.S.now.I___________(live)hereforoneyear.Mylife___________(change)alotsinceI__________(come)totheU.S.Forexample,inmycountryI__________(work)asanengineer,butI_________(not/have)ajobnow.Allthismonth,Ihavebeenlookingforajob,butI______________(notfind)oneyet.Iknowittakestime.Inmycountry,I____(have)alotofcontact(聯(lián)系)withmyfriends,buthereIamalone.SofarI________(meet)severalnicepeople,butIdon’tconsideranyofthemmyfriends.IsupposeI____________(notknow)thesepeoplelongenough.Hereeverybodyhasacar.I_________________(always/want)toownacar.I____(get)mydriver’slicensethreemonthsago,butI_______________(not/buy)acaryetbecauseIdon’thaveenoughmoney.Iplantobuyoneinthenearfuture.SinceI_____(come)here,mylife___________(not/be),butIknowthatIwillsucceedinthiscountryintime.

am

havelived

haschanged

came

worked

don’thave

haven’tfound

hadhavemet

haven’tknownhavealwayswantedgot

haven’tbought

came

hasnotbeenPleasecompletethedialogueA:____________________.B:Goodafternoon.What’s_____________?A:I__________acough.Icough___thetime.B:_________________temperature?A:Yes,itseems____beallright.B:___________________________?A:_______yesterdaymorning.B:____you_____anything___eatthismorning?A:No.Idon’tfeellike_______.B:There’snothingserious._____thismedicinethree____a____.You’llbebettersoon.A:Thankyou,doctor.Goodbye.B:Goodbye.

Goodafternoon,doctorwrongwithyouhavehadallHaveyoutakenyourtoHowlonghaveyoubeenlikethisSinceHavehadtoeatingTaketimesday不規(guī)那么動詞表

Infinitive(原形)PastTense(過去式)PastParticiple(過去分詞)

〔一〕ABC型:

be(am,is,are) waswere been begin began begun bite bit bitten/bit break broke broken choose chose chosen do did done

〔一〕ABC型:draw drew drawndrink drank drunkdrive drove driveneat ate eatenfall fell fallenfly flew flownforget forgot forgottenget got gotten/got

〔一〕ABC型:give gave givengo went gonegrow grew grownhide hid hidden/hidknow knew knownlie lay lainmistake mistook mistakenride r