必修3 Unit 7 課下主題訓(xùn)練 自然環(huán)境、自然遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)

PAGE第8頁共11頁課下主題訓(xùn)練自然環(huán)境、自然遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)課時練(一)一、主題語基拓展練(一)主題詞匯盤查(已會詞匯，在□內(nèi)打“√”；欠熟練詞匯，多翻閱識記)①forbid □ ②terrifying □③completely □ ④disappear □⑤disaster □ ⑥punish □⑦increase □ ⑧damage □⑨arouse □ ⑩freezing □?awareness □ ?sharply □?appeal □ ?vital □?advocate □ ?eventually □?scientifically □ ?precious □?substitute □ ?threaten □(二)主題詞匯訓(xùn)練Ⅰ.選詞填空(有兩詞多余)eq\x(disappear，damage，increase，punish，disaster，arouse，threaten，advocate)1．Iconsideritnecessaryforthegovernmenttoarousepublicawarenessofprotectingenvironment.2．Itisassumedthatglobalwarmingandclimatechangecouldcauseevenmoredisastersinthefuture.3．Thosewhodestroytheenvironmentintentionallyshouldbeseverelypunished.4．Thenumberofroadaccidentsandthedeathsarisingfromthoseaccidentshasincreasedoverthepastyear.5．Afterthetyphoon,nearlyallthewaterandelectricitysuppliesaredamagedorevendestroyed.6．Unluckily,rainforestsaredisappearingatarateof80acresperminute!Ⅱ.單句語法填空1．Thenumberofthepeople,whohaveaccesstotheirowncars,hasrisensharply(sharp)inthepastdecade.2．Heappealedtootherfilmstarstodonateforthepoorarea.3．Itisimportantthatstudentsdevelopanawareness(aware)ofhowtheInternetcanbeused.4．Ifwearetomakeadifferenceinlife,it'svitalthatwe(should)_begin(begin)withsmallthings.5．Whentheiceisheatedabovefreezing(freeze)point,itbeginstochangeintoaliquidstate.6．Eventually(eventual)yourchildwillleavehometoleadhis/herownlifeasafullyindependentadult.Ⅲ.寫出下列句中加藍(lán)詞的漢語意思1．Somepeoplemayarguethattrafficlightsarenotarrangedscientifically,sothattheyhavetowaittoolongbeforetheycancrosstheroad.科學(xué)地2．IwouldappreciateitverymuchifyoucouldgiveussomepreciousadviceonhowtoimproveouronlineEnglishschool.寶貴的3．Generallyspeaking,moreandmorepeopleareadvocating“l(fā)ow-carbon”lifestyle.提倡4．Inaformalfootballmatch,eachteamhasthreeplayerstosubstitutetheirteammateswhennecessary.代替5．Itnotonlyaffectsoureverydaylife,butmayalsothreatenpeople'slives.威脅Ⅳ.用本單元詞匯替換加藍(lán)詞1．Soourgovernmentshouldmakelawstoforbidtheuseofplasticbagsindepartmentstoresandsupermarkets.ban2．Iwaswarnedtowatchoutfortheterrifyingdog.frightening3．Hedidnotrealizehismistakesuntiltheplanwasruinedcompletely.altogether二、主題語篇押題練Ⅰ.閱讀理解AAsfarbackastheageofdinosaursmillionsofyearsago,turtles(海龜)wanderedaroundtheEarth.Evennowadaysitisgenerallyassumedthatturtlesaretheworld'ssteadiestcreature.However,anewresearchshows61percentofthe356speciesofturtlesarealreadythreatenedornolongerexist.Thedestructionoftheirhomes,disease,climatechangeandotherreasonshavecausedtheirpopulationtodropsharply.InanewstudypublishedinthejournalBioScience,ateamofscientistsfromvariousinstitutionsclaimthatturtlesareoneofthemostthreatenedamongthemajorvertebrate(脊椎動物)groups.Thiscould,theauthorssay,haveseriousconsequencesfortheecology.Turtlescontributetothehealthofmanyenvironments,includingdesert,wetland,freshwaterandmarineecosystems,andthedeclinemayleadtobadeffectsonotherspecies,includinghumans,theyexplain.WhitGibbons,seniorauthorandprofessorattheUniversityofGeorgia'sSavannahRiverEcologyLaboratory,saysinastatementthattheintentionofthestudyistoinformpeopleaboutthevitalecologicalrolesofturtles.Oneoftheimportantqualitiesofturtlesishowdiversetheyarewhenitcomestofood.Thisallowsthemtohaveamajorimpactonfoodwebsoftheirhomesallovertheworld.Insomeareas,thedensity(密度)oftheturtlepopulationmakesthemanimportantpartoftheecosystem.Withtheirgathering,otherspeciesthatfeedonthemandtheireggsaresuretohavealargepooloffood.Forplants,turtlesarealsoextremelyimportantastheydistributetheseedsofmanyplantspecies.Whentheyeat,someseedsarenotdestroyedbythedigestiveprocessandinsteadmaketheirwayoutoftheanimals'body.Someturtlesarethemaindispersal(傳播)agentsofcertainplantsandtheirseeds.Theseareonlyafewyetveryvitalrolesthatturtlesplayintheecologicallandscape.Unfortunately,manyspeciesareinseriousdeclineandindangerofdisappearingcompletely.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章說明了海龜?shù)臄?shù)量急劇下降，這對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)有不利影響。1．Whatdoesthenewstudyaimtodo?A．Tosavethegrandvertebrategroupsonearth.B．Towarnpeopleofturtles'terriblesituation.C．Tomaketheimportanceofturtles'rolesknown.D．Toclaimturtlesmayberelatedtodinosaurs.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“theintentionofthestudyistoinformpeopleaboutthevitalecologicalrolesofturtles”可知，這個研究的目的是讓人們了解海龜在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中的重要作用。故選C。2．Howmightthedisappearanceofturtlesinfluencecertainplants?A．Speeduptheseplants'disappearing.B．Putanendtotheseplants'seedspreading.C．Allowmoreseedstogrowintoplants.D．Givetheseplantsnochanceofsurvival.解析：選A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的“theydistributetheseedsofmanyplantspecies”可知，海龜是很多植物種類的傳播媒介。由此可推知，海龜?shù)南б部赡芗铀龠@些植物的滅絕。故選A。3．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．TurtlesAreSuretoStopExistingB．TheEcologyWillChangewithTurtlesC．DeclineofTurtlesThreatenstheWorldD．Turtles'DyingOutWorldwideMattersaLot解析：選D標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，作者介紹了目前海龜數(shù)量大范圍減少的狀況以及海龜?shù)拇嬖趯ι鷳B(tài)系統(tǒng)的重要作用，故選D。BIt'sthoughtthataround5trillionpiecesofplasticarecurrentlyfloatinginouroceans.Bothmammalsandfishbenefitfromcleanoceans.Itisreportedthatmorethan8milliontonsofplasticendupinouroceanseveryyear,andnearlyhalfoftheplasticweproduceissingle-useonly.Thisshoebrand,however,isridingthewaveofchangeandisonamissiontohelpcleanupourwatersandridtheseaofplasticbottlesthatcantakeupto400yearstobreakdown.Vivobarefoot'snewestfootwearusesrecycledplasticmaterialsandhascreatedaneducationprogramthatspreadsawarenessabouthowharmfulplasticisforsealife.Everypairofshoesismadeupof17plasticwaterbottlestakenfromtheoceanandturnedintoasustainable,comfortablepairofshoes,whicharealsohealthyforyourfeet.Andwhilenoteveryonecantakepartinoceancleanups,choosinglittlewayswecangivebacktoourplanetgoesalongway.Vivobarefoot'snewproductsincludeavarietyofhigh-performancestylessuchascasualsneakers,runningshoes,andhikingboots.Thebrandhopesthatitslatestinitiative(首創(chuàng)精神)willhelplessentheindifferencetopollutionandhowharmfulitisforalllivingbeings.Inthefuture,Vivobarefoothopestoincreasetheirproductionofshoescreatedfromsustainablematerials,andthankfully,theyarenowoneofmanybrandsthataimtoincreaseenvironmentalismandeducatecommunitiesonhowglobalwarmingaffectseveryone.Thisyear,they'lladdmorerecyclableandtraceablematerialsintomorethanhalfoftheirproductionline,andtheyhaveplentyofcreativedevelopmentsintheworksaswell.Theshoesalsohaveahealthbenefit.Basedontheconceptthatwider,minimallydesignedshoesenableourfoottofunctionatmaximumpotential,wearersalsoexperiencebetterbalanceandsensoryinput.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。Vivobarefoot公司推出了使用可回收的塑料材料制作的最新鞋款，并創(chuàng)建了一個教育計劃，讓人們了解塑料對海洋生物的危害。4．Howdoestheauthormakehispointconvincing?A．Bylistingfigures. B．Bytellingastory.C．Bygivingexamples. D．Bymakingcomparisons.解析：選A寫作手法題。文章中作者使用了“around5trillionpiecesofplastic”；“morethan8milliontonsofplastic”；“upto400yearstobreakdown”等數(shù)據(jù)，由此可知，作者通過列舉一系列的數(shù)據(jù)來闡述事實(shí)。故選A。5．WhatisVivobarefootdoingtohelpwiththemarinecreatures?A．Donatingmoneytobuyfoodforthem.B．Keepingtheoceansfreefromplasticbottles.C．Producingmoreshoesfromsustainablematerials.D．Raisingpublicawarenessofrecyclingandreuse.解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一句可知，Vivobarefoot公司生產(chǎn)的鞋是由從海洋中取出的塑料水瓶制成的，它在一定程度上有助于清理海洋里的塑料瓶。由此可推知，Vivobarefoot通過清理海洋里的塑料瓶來幫助海洋生物。故選B。6．WhatisprobablyVivobarefoot'soperationphilosophy?A．Customer-focused.B．Service-oriented.C．Money-saving.D．Environmentally-friendly.解析：選D推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段可知，Vivobarefoot的經(jīng)營理念以環(huán)保為主。故選D。7．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?A．Vivobarefoot'snewproductshaven'tbeenreleased.B．Vivobarefootisthemostpopularshoebrandintheworld.C．Vivobarefootcaresaboutnotonlyitsbusinessbutalsopublicservices.D．Vivobarefootisthefirstcompanytofindthenewfunctionofwastematerials.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)常理可知，Vivobarefoot推出新款鞋子肯定是為了增加利潤；再根據(jù)第三段第二句可知，Vivobarefoot同時還關(guān)心公共服務(wù)。故選C。Ⅱ.語法填空OnMay18,itwasannouncedthatChinahadachievedsuccessindrillingforfireice,a__1__(froze)mixofwaterandnaturalgas,fromtheSouthChinaSea.__2__(official)knownasmethanehydrate(甲烷水合物),fireiceproducesahighamountofenergywhen__3__(burn)anditschemicalreactionproducesnothingbutcarbondioxideandwater.Fireice,bothcleanandenergy-intensive,__4__(consider)thefuelofthefuture.Manycountries,includingtheUnitedStatesandJapan,havelongbeenconductingresearchonfireice,butextracting(提取)itfromthebottomoftheseahasbeenacommonproblem__5__(trouble)allofthem.However,theChineseteamsucceededindrillingforfireiceinnearlyeightsuccessivedays,__6__isabigbreakthrough.However,itistooearly__7__(say)anewenergysourcehasbeenfound.Theworld'stotalfireicereserveisabout21,000trillioncubicmeters,which,ifextracted,couldmeettheworld'senergyneed__8__1,000years.Butthesuccessfultestdrillingoffireicedoesnotmeanitcanbeextractedfor__9__(industry)use.Chinahastosolvemanyproblemsbeforeitcanusefireiceasasourceofenergy.It'sthoughtthatonlyby2025at__10__earliestmightpeoplebeabletoseerealisticcommercialoptions.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了中國在鉆探海底可燃冰方面取得了重大突破。1．frozen考查形容詞。根據(jù)空前的“a”和空后的“mix”可知，此處應(yīng)用froze的形容詞形式frozen，表示“冷凍的”，故填frozen。2．Officially考查副詞。known為非謂語動詞，應(yīng)用副詞修飾，故填Officially。3．burned/burnt考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為when引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的省略形式，且burn與其邏輯主語fireice之間為被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞形式。故填burned或burnt。4．isconsidered考查動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句主語Fireice為單數(shù)，與consider之間為被動關(guān)系，再根據(jù)全文時態(tài)可知，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時。故填isconsidered。5．troubling考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，_______allofthem應(yīng)為定語，修飾problem，兩者之間為邏輯上的主動關(guān)系。故填troubling。6．which考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，并在從句中作主語。故填which。7．tosay考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，it為形式主語，應(yīng)用動詞不定式作真正的主語。故填tosay。8．for考查介詞。句意：全世界的可燃冰總儲備量大約為21000萬億立方米，如果被開采，能滿足全世界1000年的能源需求。根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)用“for＋一段時間”表示“達(dá)，計(表示動作或情況持續(xù)的時間)”。故填for。9．industrial考查形容詞?？蘸蟮膗se為名詞，作for的賓語，所以應(yīng)用形容詞修飾名詞。故填industrial。10．the考查冠詞。the修飾形容詞最高級，attheearliest意為“最早”。故填the。課時練(二)一、主題語基拓展練(一)主題詞匯盤查(已會詞匯，在□內(nèi)打“√”；欠熟練詞匯，多翻閱識記)①harmony □ ②beneficial □③contribution □ ④protect □⑤development □ ⑥terrified □⑦drought □ ⑧destruction □⑨conservation □ ⑩emission □?hurricane □ ?radiation □?shortage □ ?properly □?reserve □ ?balance □?situation □ ?resource □?recycle □ ?surroundings □(二)主題詞匯訓(xùn)練Ⅰ.選詞填空(有兩詞多余)surroundings,reserve,protect,balance,situation,resource,development,recycle1.ChangbaishanisChina'slargestnaturereserveandishometoagreatdiversityofrareplantsandanimals.2．Youareworkingtoohard.You'dbetterkeepabalancebetweenworkandrelaxation.3．Inconclusion,peoplearoundtheworldshouldbeawareoftherealsituationofwatershortage.4．Onlyinthiswaycanweliveinmorecomfortableandbeautifulsurroundings.5．I'mwritingtosharemyopinionsabouttryingtosavebothfornaturalresourcesandtheenvironment.6．We'dbetterrecyclethewastewater,paperandotherwastesothatwecanreusethem.Ⅱ.單句語法填空1．Everyoneshouldmakecontributions(contribute)toprotectingtheenvironment.2．Ifnotdealtwithproperly(proper),wastebatterieswillseriouslypollutetheundergroundwater.3．Withthedevelopment(develop)ofsociety,computersareplayinganimportantroleinmanyaspectsofourlife.4．Recently,peopleareterrified(terrify)oftalkingaboutoneword—“haze”．5．Alawhasbeenpassedtoprotectendangeredwildlifefromdyingout.6．Thedrought(dry)inthesouthwestofChinahaslastedforseveralmonths,whichmakespeoplefacewatershortage.7．Exerciseisbeneficial(benefit)toourhealthandwe'dbetterhaveourselvesrunningforhalfanhoureveryday.8．Iholdthefirmbeliefthatonlywheneverybodymakesaneffortcanoursocietybewarmerandmoreharmonious(harmony)．Ⅲ.寫出下列句中加藍(lán)詞的漢語意思1．Itisobviousthatdestructionoftheenvironmentisoneofthemostseriouschallengesweface.破壞2．Ibasicallytrytodoconservationworktohelpbirdsgetprotectedthroughouttheworld.保護(hù)3．Largequantitiesoflawshavebeenmadetoreducethecarbonemission.排放4．Whatmanmustfearwhentravelinginspaceisradiationfromthesun.輻射；放射(物)5．Thegoodnewsisthatweareawareoftheimportanceoffreshwateranditsshortagewearefacing.短缺6．Aftertheterriblehurricane,thewholehousewasdestroyedentirely.颶風(fēng)二、主題語篇押題練Ⅰ.閱讀理解Whenhumansmakefriends,weoftenchoosecompanionswhosharesimilarcharacteristicstousorenjoyparticipatinginthesameactivitiesthatweenjoy.Interestingly,itturnsoutthatdolphins(海豚)maynotbesodifferent,accordingtoastudywhichfoundthattheanimalsformstrongsocialtieswiththosewhohavesimilarinterests.Insomeways,thismaynotbesurprising,ifweknowdolphinsliveingroupscharacterizedbycomplexsocialactivities.However,thelatestfindingsareyetanotherpowerfulexampleoftheintelligencethatthesecreaturespossess.Forthestudy,aninternationalteamofscientistsstudiedauniquegroupofbottlenosedolphins,wholiveintheWorldHeritageareaofSharkBay,WesternAustralia.Theyareparticularlyinterestingbecausethefemalesareknowntouseseasponges(海綿動物)asforaging(覓食)tools,abehaviorthathasn'tbeenperceivedanywhereelse.Thebehaviorknownas“sponging”helpsthedolphinstofindfoodindeeperwatersandissocially-learned,beingpasseddownfrommothertobaby.Previousstudieshaveshownthatfemalesinthisgroupwhouseseaspongestofindfoodoftenliketohangoutwithotherfemaleswhodothesame.However,studiesofthisbehaviorinmalesarelacking,leavingagap(空白)inourknowledge.Totryandaddressthisgap,theresearcherscollecteddataon124maledolphinsinSharkBayoveran8-yearperiodbetween2007and2015.Amongthesedolphins,somehadthespongingbehavior,whileothersdidnot.Afteranalyzingtheirdata,theteamcametotheconclusionthatthosemaleswhousedspongesforforagingassociatedsignificantlymoreoftenwithother“spongers”nomatterhowrelatedtheyweretotheircompanions.Interestingly,malespongersspentsignificantlymoretimeforagingandlesstimerestingthannon-spongers.Accordingtotheleadauthorofthestudy,ManuelaBizzozzero,thefindingscastnewlightonthesocialtiesbetweenmaledolphinsatShark語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，雌性寬吻海豚會用海綿體作為覓食工具，這種行為在其他任何地方都沒有被發(fā)現(xiàn)。1．Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A．Dolphinsarehumans'bestfriends.B．Dolphinsmakefriendslikehumans.C．Dolphinscanunderstandhumans'emotions.D．Dolphinsconfusehumanswiththeirlifestyles.解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二句可知，海豚與那些有著相似興趣的海豚形成了牢固的社會關(guān)系。由此可知，海豚和人類一樣交朋友。故選B。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“perceived”inParagraph2probablymean?A．Influenced. B．Prevented.C．Observed. D．Accepted.解析：選C詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段第二句及后文“anywhereelse”可知，雌性海豚會用海綿體作為覓食工具，這種行為在其他任何地方都沒有被發(fā)現(xiàn)。故畫線單詞意思為“觀察，發(fā)現(xiàn)”。故選C。3．WhydoestheauthormentionpreviousstudiesinParagraph3?A．Toexplaintheintentionofthelateststudies.B．Topresenttheirachievementsindolphinresearch.C．Tostressthatdolphinshavethesocially-learnedbehavior.D．Toshowhowfemaledolphinsuseseaspongestofindfood.解析：選A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二、三句可知，對雄性這種行為的研究還很缺乏。為了解決這個問題，研究人員收集了2007年至2015年8年間鯊魚灣124只雄性海豚的數(shù)據(jù)。由此可推知，作者在第三段中提到以前的研究是為了解釋這個最新研究的目的。故選A。4．What'stheresultofthestudiesonmalebottlenosedolphins?A．Fewofthemmakeuseofspongestofindfood.B．Alargequantityofthemmainlyfeedonsponges.C．Malespongersrestmoreoftenthannon-spongers.D．Malespongersenjoystayingwithotherspongers.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“thosemaleswhousedspongesforforagingassociatedsignificantlymoreoftenwithother‘spongers’”可知，雄性寬吻海豚喜歡和其他海綿動物待在一起。故選D。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五HowToBeGreen?Whatdoes“green”mean？“Green”ismorethanjustacolor.__1__Whygreen?Plantsaregreen,andwithoutthemtheEarthwouldn'tbesuchalovelyhomeforushumanbeings.Whatcanwedo?Here'safour-stepguidetobeinggreen.ReduceIt!__2__Forinstance,ashortershowermeansyouuselesswaterandlessfuelsinceyourhouseusesfueltorunthewaterheaterthatwarmsupthewater.ReuseIt!Sometimespeoplecalloursocietya“throwawaysociety”．Itmeansthatwe'realittletoowillingtothrowawayoldstuff(東西)andbuynewstuff.__3__Forinstance,ifyourbabybrotherbecomesolderandlosesinterestinhisplasticbasketballhoop(籃圈),whynotgiveittoanotherfamilywhohasalittlekid?RecycleIt!Recyclinghasneverbeeneasier.Manycommunities(社區(qū))willpickituprightinfrontofyourhouseandsometownsevenrequireit.Recycledgoodsgotoarecyclingcenter,wheretheycanbeturnedintonewcans,bottles,andpaper.EnjoyIt!It'struethatrubbishandpollutionareproblems,buttheEarthremainsah