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廚余垃圾課程設(shè)計(jì)_范文寫作網(wǎng)本次設(shè)計(jì)以浙江農(nóng)林大學(xué)東湖校區(qū)為討論試驗(yàn)點(diǎn)。浙江農(nóng)林大學(xué)東湖校區(qū)現(xiàn)有師生人數(shù)20230余人,校區(qū)內(nèi)共有3個(gè)食堂。經(jīng)調(diào)查發(fā)覺,學(xué)校1個(gè)食堂1天的廚余垃圾產(chǎn)生量約為10桶,每桶重約60kg,即整個(gè)東湖校區(qū)每天會產(chǎn)生約1800kg廚余垃圾。工藝根據(jù)一周儲存量來設(shè)計(jì),即周處理廚余垃圾總量約為12600kg。

調(diào)整池的設(shè)計(jì)流量。

調(diào)整池的超高為0.5m,有效高度一般取4~5m。本設(shè)計(jì)調(diào)整池池高取5.5m,則,池寬取5m,池長取6m。

3.4水解酸化池

水解酸化過程能將非溶解態(tài)有機(jī)物逐步轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槿芙鈶B(tài)有機(jī)物,一些難于生物降解大分子物質(zhì)被轉(zhuǎn)化為易于降解的小分子物質(zhì)如有機(jī)酸等,從而大幅度提高可生化性和降解速度。有討論說明,廚余垃圾水解酸化過程的最優(yōu)溫度條件為37℃。

酸化池設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)如下:

水力停留時(shí)間HRT=8h;

設(shè)計(jì)容積;

酸化池的超高定為0.5m,池高選取5.5m,則。

3.5厭氧發(fā)酵

經(jīng)過水解酸化過程后產(chǎn)生的有機(jī)酸類物質(zhì)通過管道輸送進(jìn)入發(fā)酵罐中,在適當(dāng)?shù)臏囟?,pH值等條件下,在產(chǎn)甲烷菌類的作用下進(jìn)一步降低分子數(shù)最終轉(zhuǎn)化成為甲烷。

發(fā)酵罐構(gòu)造如下列圖所示:

圖2發(fā)酵罐構(gòu)造

依據(jù)厭氧消化過程中甲烷菌的最適溫度范圍,厭氧消化還可以分為中溫消化過程(30~36℃)和高溫消化過程(50~53℃)。兩者比擬如下:

表格2中溫消化和高溫消化的比擬

中溫消化

高溫消化

溫度

30-36

50-53

產(chǎn)氣率

停留時(shí)間

15-30

12-14

容積

費(fèi)用

本錢大,修理省

本錢小,修理大

不同類型的厭氧反響器在市場中占的份額也不同:中溫消化、高溫消化都是可行的技術(shù),實(shí)際運(yùn)行的處理廠,中溫消化占62%。本設(shè)計(jì)采納中溫消化。

厭氧消化關(guān)設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)如下:

停留時(shí)間T:15d;

依據(jù)垃圾處理量設(shè)計(jì)厭氧發(fā)酵罐體積V=350m3;

厭氧發(fā)酵罐流量;

選用D:H=1:3,取錐角為70°,則則錐體高度,封頭高度,圓柱局部高度H3=(3.0-0.714-0.25)D=2.04D。又由于

即0.187D3+0.13D3+1.6D3=350,解得D=5.7m,則H1=0.714×5.7=4.1m;H2=0.25×5.7=1.43m;H3=2.04×5.7=11.7m。

V錐=0.187D3=34.63m3,V柱=1.6D3=296.3m3,V封=19.07m3。

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(1)出料干重

MADS=MRSS×(1-RVS×VSRSS)=(1-39.86%)×12600×(1-40%×63.14%)=5663.83kg

式中:MADS——出料干重,kg;

MRSS——進(jìn)料干重,kg;

RVS——揮發(fā)性固體所占的降解率,取40%;

VSRSS——揮發(fā)性固體所占的百分率,%。

(2)出料VS

式中:VSADS——出料揮發(fā)性固體所占百分率,%。

(3)沼氣產(chǎn)量

Vbiogas=SBPbiogas×RVS×VSRSS×MRSS=0.8×40%×63.13%×54.49%×1800=198.1m3

式中:Vbiogas——沼氣產(chǎn)量,m3/d;

SBPbiogas——單位質(zhì)量揮發(fā)性固體產(chǎn)生的沼氣量,一般取0.8~1.2m3/kg(VS),本設(shè)計(jì)取0.8m3/kg(VS);

MRSS——每天進(jìn)料干重,kg/d。

3.7能量平衡分析

(1)進(jìn)料加熱

Eh-AD=QlS×ΔT×[MFAD-in×Cpw+(1-MFAD-in)×Cps]=0.97×24×1000×(35-22)×[95%×4.18+(1-95%)×2.3]=1236.6MJ/d

式中:Eh-AD——進(jìn)料所需熱量,MJ/d;

QAD-in——設(shè)計(jì)流量,m3/d;

SPls——單位重量垃圾硝化量,kg/L,本設(shè)計(jì)中假定為1kg/L;

ΔT——進(jìn)水溫度與系統(tǒng)溫度的差值,℃,本設(shè)計(jì)選用中溫消化(35℃),設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)口溫度為22℃;

MFAD-in——進(jìn)料含水率,%;

Cpw——水的比熱,取4.18KJ/kg?℃;

Cpw——固體的比熱,KJ/kg?℃,有機(jī)固體取2.3KJ/kg?℃,無機(jī)固體取1.0KJ/kg?℃。

(2)攪拌用電量

式中:Emixing——攪拌垃圾所需能量,MJ/d;

SRT——停留時(shí)間,d;

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(3)熱輻射損失

El-AD=U×A×(TD-Ta)=[1.0×8.4×(35-10)+0.7×38.66×(35-22)]×10-6×86400=48.54MJ/d

式中:El-AD——熱輻射損失量,MJ/d;

U——傳熱系數(shù),W/(m2?oC);

A——接觸面積,m2;

TD——環(huán)境溫度,取22℃;

Ta——地下溫度,取10℃。

(4)沼氣初級能量輸出

查資料得,沼氣的熱值為25MJ/m3。

表格3工藝能量收支平衡分析

工藝能量收支平衡分析

工程

TS(%)

63.14

VS(%)

54.49

RVS(%)

40

熱電消耗(MJ/d)

進(jìn)料加熱(熱)

1236.6

輻射熱損(熱)

48.54

攪拌(電)

6.28

沼氣初級能量輸出(MJ/d)

4952.5

CHP熱輸出(MJ/d)

2476.25

CHP電輸出(MJ/d)

1733.38

凈得熱能(MJ/d)

1191.11

凈得電能(MJ/d)

1727.1

凈得熱電總量(MJ/d)

2918.21

由上表可知,本設(shè)計(jì)中經(jīng)厭氧消化產(chǎn)生的沼氣能量不僅能夠供應(yīng)工藝所需能量,還有能量盈余。整個(gè)工藝設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)了廚余垃圾的減量化和資源化。

3.8沼渣和沼液脫水處理后的水

每天沼渣和沼液質(zhì)量m1=1800×(1-40%×63.14%)=1345.4kg,脫水前含水率為95%,本設(shè)計(jì)預(yù)使脫水后含水率為75%。

經(jīng)脫水后使得其含水率降至65%,則脫除的水分的質(zhì)量m2=1345.4×(95%-65%)=403.62kg。將這局部水回流至調(diào)整池中以調(diào)整后續(xù)進(jìn)來的垃圾的含水率,使其到達(dá)預(yù)期要求。脫水后的沼渣和沼液進(jìn)展回收資源化利用。

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