課時(shí)素養(yǎng)檢測(cè)二十Unit4NaturalDisastersPeriod4

課時(shí)素養(yǎng)檢測(cè)二十Unit4Period4Ⅰ.閱讀理解ResearchershavediscoveredthatJanuary’shugequakeinHaiticausedatsunami.AlongwithfourHaitiancolleagues,DrHermannFritz,aprofessor,travelledaroundthecoastofHaiti.Hewantedtofindoutwhathadhappenedbeforetheevidencedisappearedforever.Hehadheardreportsandsawevidencethatawaveupto3-meterhighhadhitsomeareasofthecoastsouthofthecapitalfollowingthequakenearPortauPrince.Ithadkilledatleastthreepeopleandengulfed(吞沒)buildings.DrFritzpresentedsomeofhisfindingsattheOceanSciencesmeetinginPortland,theUS.“Thiswasarelativelysmallevent,〞hetoldBBCNews.“Mostofthedeathswereduetotheearthquake,butatleastthreevictimsweknowsurvivedtheearthquakeandwerehitbythewave.〞Thesethreevictimswereafatherandhistwoyoungsons.TheywerestandingclosetotheshoreinPetitParadis,watchingthewaveinsteadofheadingforhigherground.Draw-backinthewaterlevelisasignthatabigwaveiscoming.“Itclearlyshowedalackoftsunamieducation,〞DrFritzsaid.“Itwaspureluckthatthewronginformationdidnotkillmorepeopleinthiscase.〞Despitethegreatdamageitcaused,theHaitiearthquakewasnotofthetypeormagnitude(級(jí))usuallyassociatedwithtsunamis.Ithadamagnitudeof7.0.“Generallyanythingover7.5iscauseforconcern,〞explainedEddieBernard,atsunamiresearcher.“Butanythingbetween7and7.5cancausesmaller,localtsunamis.〞Tocauseatsunami,itmusthappenunderthesea.“Anythingthatmoveswatergeneratesawave,〞saidDrBernard.“Andthedeepertheevent,thebiggerthewave.〞DrFritzexplainedthatthemaincausesoftheHaitiantsunamiwere“l(fā)ocallandslides〞.“Buttherearefaultlinesinthisregionthatareinareaswhicharemorelikelytocauseatsunamiand,ifyouhaveamuchbiggerlandslide,youcouldhaveamuchbiggerwave,〞hesaid.【語(yǔ)篇概述】本文是議論文。文章討論了海地海嘯引發(fā)的原因。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)這次海嘯的主要原因是海底滑坡,而不是地震。1.WhatwasDrFritz’purposebytravellingaroundthecoastofHaiti?A.Tostudythepowerofthewave.B.Tofindoutthemagnitudeofthequake.C.Tocheckthedamagetothecoasts.D.Togatherevidenceaboutthewave.【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第三句可知DrFritz和他的同事們到海地海岸考察的目的是尋找地震引發(fā)海嘯的證據(jù)。2.ThethreepeoplewhodiedstoodclosetotheshoreinPetitParadisbecause______.

A.theydidn’tseethesignsofbigwavesB.theirattentionwasfixedonthebeautifulsceneryC.theydidn’tknowitwastimetorunforhighergroundD.theycaredlittleaboutthedirectionofthebigwave【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段可知三名死難者缺乏海嘯的常識(shí),他們不知道那時(shí)是該跑到高處去的時(shí)間。3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthefourthandfifthparagraphs?A.TheHaitiearthquakewastoosmalltocausethetsunami.B.Tsunamiisusuallycausedbyanearthquakeover7.0magnitude.C.Theearthquakebetween7.0and7.5magnitudecannotcausetsunami.D.TheHaitiearthquakewasnotrelatedtothetsunamiatall.【解析】選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段一般認(rèn)為7級(jí)以上的地震可能會(huì)引發(fā)海嘯。這次海地地震的震級(jí)是7級(jí),它通常被認(rèn)為不是引發(fā)了海嘯的地震等級(jí)。但不能說這次地震太小。A項(xiàng)說法不正確。C、D兩項(xiàng)表述也不對(duì)。4.Ifthepassageistakenfromanewspaper,whichsectionshoulditbein?A.Sports.B.Science.C.Business. D.Entertainment.【解析】選B。文章出處題。本文是議論文。幾位研究者通過對(duì)海地海嘯原因的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)海地海嘯主要是由海底滑坡而不是單純由地震造成的。故本文屬于科普類文章。Ⅱ.閱讀填句根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最正確選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。NowrememberthatIwasauselesskid.1.WhenIgotofftheplane,therewereallofthesemeningreenuniformsandblackbootsandIwassurethatHitlerwasthere.

2.WelivedintworoomsinGermany.Wehadnohotwater.Youhadtomakeafireunderthewaterheatertotakeabathonceaweek.Towashclothes,youhadabigcopperpotthatyoumadeafireunderandyouboiledyourclothes.Thenyouhadtotakethemoutandwashthemdowninpoolsofcoldwater.Ittookalldaytodoclothes.3.

Weboughtourvegetablesfromavegetablemancomingaround,andweboughtmilkfromamanwhowouldcomearound.4.Icouldunderstandthemreallywell.IcouldwalkthroughtheneighborhoodandtheywouldtalkaboutthisAmericanperson,andIunderstoodeverywordthattheysaidbuttheydidn’tknowit.

Ilikedtheairforcelife.Welikedmoving,meetingallofthepeople,havingthenewexperiences.5.Itwasneverboringbecausewewerealwaysonanewadventure.

A.LifeisrichB.ItwasaninterestinglifeC.IlearnedsomeGermanwordsD.WestillhavefriendsthereE.It’seasyforustotravelbyplanenowandthenF.Itwasaseventeen-hourflightfromNewYorktoGermanyG.JohnpickedmeupinaGermanFordthatonlywent35milesanhour【語(yǔ)篇概述】這是一篇記敘文。作者表達(dá)了自己去國(guó)外居住、生活、學(xué)習(xí)以及游玩的一些經(jīng)歷。1.【解析】選F。由下文走下飛機(jī)時(shí)的見聞可知,此處指乘坐飛機(jī)的情況,選項(xiàng)F中信息“從紐約到德國(guó)有14小時(shí)的航程〞,選項(xiàng)F適宜。2.【解析】選G。順承上段作者下飛機(jī)的見聞,結(jié)合下句居住在德國(guó)的兩間屋子里可知,離開機(jī)場(chǎng),到德國(guó)的一個(gè)地方,能承上啟下的選項(xiàng)G適宜。3.【解析】選B。從本段描述的在德國(guó)居住、生活情況可知,生活溫馨、有趣,此處總結(jié)本段內(nèi)容,故答案為B。4.【解析】選C。根據(jù)下句作者對(duì)德國(guó)人說的話的理解可知,作者學(xué)到了一些德語(yǔ),選項(xiàng)C適宜。5.【解析】選A。根據(jù)下文Itwasneverboringbecausewewerealwaysonanewadventure.可知生活并不是枯燥無(wú)味的,生活是豐富多彩的,應(yīng)選A。Ⅲ.完形填空Whatevermisfortuneyouarefacedwith,justholdupyourheadandfaceitwithasmile!Igottoknowthisfromamusicalsoul.TheotherdayIwasfeelingquite1,havingjustbeenfiredfrommyjob.Withsomany2topay,Iwaswonderingwhatwasgoingtohappentomyfamily.

Ihadjustgotoffthebus3Iheardpianomusicandsingingrisingabovethenoiseofthetraffic.Iwalkedabitslower,tryingtofindoutthe4ofthefascinatingsound.Throughthepassers-byIsawayoungladysittingatapianowithaboxnexttoher.

Shewassingingsongsaboutloveandhersweetvoicetouchedmeabit.ThenIstoodtherewatchingherplaying,thinkingthatitmusttake5toperformonherowninfrontofhundredsofpeopleshedidn’tknow.

Shemighthavefeltmypresenceforsheoccasionallylookedinmydirection.BynowIwastellingmyselfthatIcould6tellherhowgoodshesounded.Iwalkedoverandputsomemoneyinherboxandsheexpressedherthankswithasmileonherface.

Iaskedher7,“Whyareyouplayingthepianointhemiddleofthiscrowdedplace?〞

Sheexplainedtomethatsheseessomany8peopleintheworldthatsheistryingtorelievethepainby9motivational(鼓勵(lì)的)music.

Insteadofcontinuingmywayhome,Isaidtoher,“Ihavebeen10“I’mhappythatIcouldbe11helptoyou,〞shereplied.“Whyareyousosad?〞

Itoldhermystoryandsaid,“I’mnotso12aboutwhattodo...〞

“Yousee,here’swheretheproblemlies,〞sheresponded.“Whenyouwerewalking,yourheadwasdown.〞Shelookedmeintheeyesandwenton,“Don’tlookdefeat,because13comesindifferentwaysandifyourheadisdownyoumightneverseeit.Youshould14more...liftyourheadup.〞

Inspiredbywhatshesaid,Ididholdmyheadupandsoon15thedifficulties.Sowheneverintrouble,justfaceitbravelyandyouaresuretomakeitsoonerorlater.

【語(yǔ)篇概述】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文中記述了作者失去了工作,生活拮據(jù),人生跌入谷底心情糟糕至極。作者偶遇一位彈琴賣唱的歌女,她的所作所為所述鼓勵(lì)了作者:要昂起頭,勇敢地面對(duì)困難,困難總會(huì)得到解決。1.A.lonelyB.upsetC.relaxedD.sensitive【解析】選B。根據(jù)空后havingjustbeenfiredfrommyjob可知,作者被解雇心情肯定感到難過(upset)。2.A.prices B.fees C.fines D.bills【解析】選D。根據(jù)下文aroughtimelately可知,作者的日子過得很艱辛,故此處表達(dá)的是,有很多賬單(bills)要還。3.A.when B.as C.while D.afterwards【解析】選A。句意:我剛下公共汽車,這時(shí)我聽到了鋼琴聲。had(just)done...when...,意為“剛做完某事,這時(shí)(突然)……〞。when當(dāng)……時(shí)候;就在這時(shí)(突然)。4.A.detail B.origin C.religion D.resource【解析】選B。作者放慢了步速去尋找這動(dòng)聽音樂的來源(origin)。5.A.patience B.energyC.courage D.technique【解析】選C。根據(jù)常識(shí),在數(shù)百名陌生人面前彈奏和歌唱,肯定需要勇氣(courage)。6.A.atnotime B.atleastC.attimes D.atmost【解析】選B。根據(jù)下一句可知,作者只是給這名女子一些錢并沒有對(duì)她的歌唱進(jìn)行贊揚(yáng)。故此處應(yīng)是作者在自責(zé)那時(shí)沒有贊揚(yáng)該女子的嗓音是多么甜美(我至少“atleast〞可以贊揚(yáng)一下她的聲音是多么甜美)。7.A.equally B.curiouslyC.roughly D.seriously【解析】選B。根據(jù)常識(shí)和下句問話的內(nèi)容,此處作者應(yīng)是很好奇地(curiously)問她。8.A.unattractive B.unhealthyC.unlucky D.unreliable【解析】選C。根據(jù)空后thatsheistryingtorelievethepain可知,此處應(yīng)是她看到有很多不幸的(unlucky)人。9.A.creating B.exploringC.enjoying D.sharing【解析】選D。此處應(yīng)是她想通過分享(share)一些勵(lì)志音樂以減輕那些不幸的人的痛苦。10.A.gettingthrough B.lookingthroughC.goingthrough D.breakingthrough【解析】選C。作者聽到她的音樂沒有繼續(xù)回家而是向她吐露心聲(我近來日子過得“gothrough〞很艱辛,但是你彈奏的音樂讓我又充滿了希望)。getthrough通過,到達(dá),做完,接通,度過,熬過;lookthrough瀏覽,溫習(xí),看穿,識(shí)破,從……中顯露;gothrough經(jīng)受,仔細(xì)檢查;breakthrough突破,突圍。應(yīng)選C。11.A.in B.beyond C.with D.of【解析】選D。她很快樂她能對(duì)作者起到幫助作用。beof+抽象名詞=be+adj.。12.A.sure B.ashamedC.particular D.anxious【解析】選A。根據(jù)空后aboutwhattodo...可知,此處作者應(yīng)是征求對(duì)方的意見(我不確定“sure〞該怎么做)。13.A.success B.opportunityC.assistance D.happiness【解析】選B。不要看失敗,時(shí)機(jī)(opportunity)隨時(shí)隨地可能出現(xiàn)。如果你總是低頭,你可能看不到時(shí)機(jī)。14.A.inspect B.smile C.perform D.struggle【解析】選B。此處表達(dá)的是你應(yīng)該微笑(smile)面對(duì)人生(微笑面對(duì)困難挫折)。15.A.watchedover B.cameoverC.tookover D.gotover【解析】選D。受她的話的鼓勵(lì),我確實(shí)昂起了頭,我很快就戰(zhàn)勝(getover)了各種困難。Ⅳ.語(yǔ)法填空閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。(2021·福州高一檢測(cè))Abrilliant,creative,andeducatedmanwithmanyexperiencesfeltdownafteranaccident,which1.______(take)hislegsandleftarm.Hefearedhewouldspendtherestofhislife2.______(suffer)andwouldspendhislifemeaninglessly.Butwhenherealizedhestillhadhisrighthandandcouldstillwriteeventhoughitwasdifficult,3.ideacametohismind,“Whynotwritetootherpeopleneedingencouragement?〞

Hewrotetotheprisonministry(牧師)aboutwritingletterstotheprisoners.Theprisonministerreplied,“Itisacceptable,4.______yourletterswillnot5.______(answer).〞

Filled6.______excitement,themanknewhecouldwritehisletters.Hebegansendingone-waymessagesofGod’slove,hope,strength,andencouragement.Hewrotetwiceaweek,7.______(share)hisexperience,senseofhumor,optimism,andfaith.

Itwasdifficulttowritethoseletters,8.______(especial)withouthopeofareply.Onedayhereceivedaletterfromtheprisonministry.Itwasashortnotefromtheofficerwhomonitoredandcheckedtheprisonmail.

Thelettersaid,“Pleasewriteonthe9.______(good)paperyoucanafford.Yourlettersarepassedfromeachotheruntiltheyliterally(逐字地)fallto10.______(piece)!〞

【語(yǔ)篇概述】本文是記敘文,講述了一個(gè)殘疾人用寫信的方式鼓勵(lì)監(jiān)獄犯人的故事。1.【解析】took?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知,此處應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。2.【解析】suffering?？疾楣潭ù钆?。spend...doingsth.,花費(fèi)……做某事,故用suffering。3.【解析】an?？疾楣谠~。idea發(fā)音以元音音素開頭,故用an。4.【解析】but?？疾檫B詞。此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折。5.【解析】beanswered?？疾楸粍?dòng)。此處表示你的信不會(huì)有人回復(fù)。6.【解析】with?？疾楣潭ù钆?。befilledwith,充滿。7.【解析】sharing?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。主語(yǔ)he與動(dòng)詞share之間是主謂關(guān)系,故用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)。8.【解析】especially?？疾楦痹~。此處表示尤其是,需要副詞形式。9.【解析】best?？疾樽罡呒?jí)。句意:請(qǐng)用你能負(fù)擔(dān)得起的最好的紙書寫。10.【解析】pieces?？疾槊~復(fù)數(shù)。句意:你的信被犯人們傳閱的太多,都成了碎片了。閱讀理解OneSunday,Nicholas,ateenager,wentskiingatSugarloafMountaininMaine.Intheearlyafternoon,whenhewasplanningtogohome,afiercesnowstormsweptintothearea.Unabletoseefar,heaccidentallyturnedoffthepath.Beforeheknewit,Nicholaswaslost,allalone!Hedidn’thavefood,water,aphone,orothersupplies.Hewasgettingcolderbytheminute.Nicholashadnoideawherehewas.Hetriednottopanic(驚慌).HethoughtaboutallthesurvivalshowshehadwatchedonTV.Itwastimetoputthetipshehadlearnedtouse.Hedecidedtostopskiing.Thefirstthinghedidwastofindshelterfromthefreezingwindandsnow.Ifhedidn’t,hisbodytemperaturewouldgetverylow,whichcouldquicklykillhim.Usinghisskiingboard,Nicholasbuiltasnowcave.Hegatheredahugemassofsnowanddugoutaholeinthemiddle.Thenhepiledbranchesontopofhimself,likeablanket,tostayaswarmashecould.Bythatevening,Nicholaswasreallyhungry.Heatesnowanddrankwaterfromanearbystreamsothathisbodywouldn’tlosetoomuchwater.Notknowinghowmuchlongerhecouldlast,Nicholasdidtheonlythinghecould—hesleptinhiscave.Thenextday,Nicholaswentouttolookforhelp,buthecouldn’tfindanyone.Hefollowedhistracksandreturnedtothesnowcave,becausewithoutshelter,hecoulddiethatnight.OnTuesday,Nicholaswentouttofindhelp.Hehadwalkedforaboutamilewhenavolunteersearcherfoundhim.Aftertwodaysstuckinthesnow,Nicholaswassaved.Nicholasmightnothavesurvivedthis