新教材適用2024版高考英語(yǔ)二輪總復(fù)習(xí)第2部分閱讀能力突破篇專題1閱讀理解第4講題型破解-主旨大意題考點(diǎn)2文章大意題教師用書(shū)

考點(diǎn)2文章大意題辨明題類(lèi)文章大意題要求考生在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上，從文中提取有效信息，概括歸納出文章的主旨大意、中心思想。此類(lèi)題目沒(méi)有明顯的解題依據(jù)，是對(duì)文章深層次的理解。設(shè)問(wèn)形式常有：(1)Thegeneral/mainideaofthepassageis．(2)Whatisthemaintheme/topic/ideaofthis/thepassage/text?(3)Thepassage/textismainlyabout．(4)Whatdoesthetext/passagemainlyfocuson?(5)Thepassagemainlyfocuseson．技法點(diǎn)撥1．定位主題句確定文章大意文章由段落組成，段落的中心思想服務(wù)于文章的中心思想，因此找到每個(gè)段落的主題句，總結(jié)概括后便不難得出文章的主旨大意。一般情況下，段落的主題句通常在該邏輯段落的首尾，但也有些難度較大的試題會(huì)隱含在段落之中，此時(shí)要理解全文結(jié)構(gòu)，找到支撐性細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容。以下為快速找到主題句的5個(gè)小竅門(mén)：(1)段落中出現(xiàn)表轉(zhuǎn)折的詞語(yǔ)(however,but,infact,actually,while,onthecontrary,incontrast等)時(shí)，其后的句子通常為主題句。(2)首段出現(xiàn)疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，對(duì)該句的回答很可能就是主題句。(3)作者有意識(shí)地反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)的觀點(diǎn)，通常是主旨；反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語(yǔ)，一般為體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞(主旨句通常包含關(guān)鍵詞)。(4)首段出現(xiàn)具體例子或假設(shè)時(shí)，例子或假設(shè)后的內(nèi)容通常為主題句。(5)表示總結(jié)或結(jié)論的句子常包含therefore,inshort,conclude,conclusion,thus等詞。2．根據(jù)不同文體的結(jié)構(gòu)和寫(xiě)作方法來(lái)定位主題句(1)議論文主要是論述作者的某個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，往往采用“總—分”或“總—分—總”的模式，所以主題句常在第一段或最后一段。(2)說(shuō)明文則是說(shuō)明一個(gè)事物的用途或制作過(guò)程，主題句一般在首段。(3)記敘文一般沒(méi)有明顯的主題句，需要根據(jù)文中敘述的內(nèi)容和線索來(lái)概括文章大意，但是如果文章末段出現(xiàn)說(shuō)理性的句子，則這個(gè)句子為主題句。真題體驗(yàn)(2023·浙江1月卷B)Livewithroommates?Havefriendsandfamilyaroundyou?Chancesarethatifyou'relookingtoliveamoresustainablelifestyle,noteveryonearoundyouwillbereadytojumponthatbandwagon．IexperiencedthiswhenIstartedswitchingtoazerowastelifestylefiveyearsago,asIwaslivingwithmyparents,andIcontinuetoexperiencethiswithmyhusband,asheisnotcompletelyzerowastelikeme．I'velearnedafewthingsalongthewaythough,whichIhopeyou'llfindencouragingifyou'redoingyourbesttofigureouthowyoucanmakethechangeinanot-always-supportivehousehold．Zerowastewasaradicallifestylemovementafewyearsback．IremembershowingmyparentsavideoofBeaJohnson,sharinghowcoolIthoughtitwouldbetobuygrocerieswithjars,andhavesolittletrash!Afewdayslater,Icamebackwithmyfirstjarsofzerowastegroceries,andmydadcommentedonhowsillyitwasformetocarryjarseverywhere．Itcameoffasabitdiscouraging．Yetasthemonthsofreducingwastecontinued,IdidwhatIcouldthatwaswithinmyownreach．Ihadmyownbedroom,soIworkedonremovingthingsIdidn'tneed．SinceIhadmyowntoiletries(洗漱用品),Iwasabletostartpersonalisingmyroutinetobemoresustainable．Ialsoofferedtocookeverysooften,soIportionedoutabitofthecupboardformyownzerowastegroceries．Perhapsyourhouseholdwon'tentirelymaketheswitch,butyoumayhavesomecontroloveryourownpersonalspacestomakethechangesyoudesire．Asyoumakeyourlifestylechanges,youmayfindyourselfwantingtospeakupforyourselfifotherscommentonwhatyou'redoing,whichcanturnitselfintoawholehouseholddebate．Ifyouhaveindividualswhoarenotonboard,yourwordsprobablywon'tdomuchandcanoftenleaveyoufeelingmorediscouraged．Sohereismyadvice:Leadbyaction．27．Whatisthetextmainlyabout？A．Howtogetonwellwithotherfamilymembers．B．Howtohaveone'sownpersonalspaceathome．C．Howtoliveazerowastelifestyleinahousehold．D．Howtocontrolthebudgetwhenbuyinggroceries．【解題示范】第一步：閱讀文章，概括文章大意：文章講述了作者如何在家庭中過(guò)零浪費(fèi)的生活方式；第二步：分析選項(xiàng)，斟酌判斷：根據(jù)第一段“Chancesarethatifyou'relookingtoliveamoresustainablelifestyle,noteveryonearoundyouwillbereadytojumponthatbandwagon．”及第二段“I'velearnedafewthingsalongthewaythough,