科技英語摘要排序練習(xí)

Thefollowingaredisorderedabstracts.Pleaserenumberthem(byfigures1,2,3,4,5and6ifithas)tomakethemwell-organized.Thesystemfirstdetectstheheadandtorsowithshapefeatures,andthenperformedasinglehypothesistrackingtocapturethelimbs.Thetrackingfusesmultiplekindsofinformationforheuristicsamplingwiththesamplingfunctionfocusedonthepropagationofparticlesinplausibledirectionswithasmallnumberofparticles.Thus,thismethodhasbetteraccuracyandsamplingefficiencythantheconventionalcondensationandannealedparticlefilteringmethods.Thecombineddetectionandtrackingalleviatesdriftandimprovesthesamplingefficiencyusinginformationfusionsampling.TheerrorontheHumanEva-IIdatasetwas71mm.Thispaperpresentsasystemfor3-Dhumanmotiontrackingbasedoninformationfusionsamplingfrommultiplesynchronizedvideos.Keys>>1.Performancewiththenewtechniqueswasatleastasgoodasthatwiththestandardthumbnailgrid,eventhoughnoneofthesubjectshadpriorexperiencewithsuchsystems.2.Inanumberofcases–suchasfindingsmallgroupsofphotosorwhenseekingforimagescontainingsmalldetails–thenewtechniquesweresignificantlyfasterthantheconventionalapproach.3.Inthispaperweevaluatetechniquesforbrowsingphotographsonsmalldisplays.Wepresenttwonewinteractiontechniquesthatreplaceconventionalscrollingandzoomingcontrols.4.Inaddition,AutoZoomandGestureZoomsupportedsignificantlymoreaccurateidentificationofsubsetsofphotographs.Subjectsalsoreportedlowerlevelsofphysicalandcognitiveeffortandfrustrationwiththenewtechniquesincomparisontothethumbnailgridbrowser.5.Viaasingleuseraction,scrollingandzoomingareinter-dependentlycontrolledwithAutoZoomandindependentlycontrolledwithGestureZoom.Bothtechniqueswereevaluatedinalarge-scale,72-subjectusabilityexperimentalongsideaconventionalthumbnailgridimagebrowser.Keys>>( )Wedemonstrateseveralpracticalapplications,includingdirectobservationofrecombinationeventsinafamilytrio,deterministicphasingofdeletionsinindividualsanddirectmeasurementofthehumanleukocyteantigenhaplotypesofanindividual.( )Ourapproachhaspotentialapplicationsinpersonalgenomics,single-cellgenomicsandstatisticalgenetics.( )Wedevelopedamicrofluidicdevicecapableofseparatingandamplifyinghomologouscopiesofeachchromosomefromasinglehumanmetaphasecell.Single-nucleotidepolymorphism(SNP)arrayanalysisofamplifiedDNAenabledustoachievecompletelydeterministic,whole-genome,personalhaplotypesoffourindividuals,includingaHapMaptriowithEuropeanancestry(CEU)andanunrelatedEuropeanindividual.( )Thephasesofallelesweredeterminedat~99.8%accuracyforupto~96%ofallassayedSNPs.( )Conventionalexperimentalmethodsofstudyingthehumangenomearelimitedbytheinabilitytoindependentlystudythecombinationofalleles,orhaplotype,oneachofthehomologouscopiesofthechromosomes.Keys>>( )Sinceasingleexamplein2003,noexampleshavebeenreportedofthecatalyticconversionofdinitrogenintoammoniaunderambientconditions.( )Thisisanothersuccessfulexampleofthecatalyticanddirectconversionofdinitrogenintoammoniaunderambientreactionconditions.( )WebelievethattheresultsdescribedinthisArticleprovidevaluableinformationwithwhichtodevelopamoreeffectivenitrogen-fixationsystemundermildreactionconditions.( )Thesynthesisoftransitionmetal–dinitrogencomplexesandthestoichiometrictransformationoftheircoordinateddinitrogenintoammoniaandhydrazinehavebeenthesubjectofconsiderableresearch,withaviewtoachievingnitrogenfixationunderambientconditions.( )Thedimolybdenum–dinitrogencomplexbearingPNPpincerligandswasfoundtoworkasaneffectivecatalystfortheformationofammoniafromdinitrogen,with23

equiv.ofammoniabeingproducedwiththecatalyst(12

equiv.ofammoniaareproducedbasedonthemolybdenumatomofthecatalyst).Keys>>( )Thissyntheticbutbiocompatiblehost–guestsystemmaybeausefulalternativetostreptavidin–biotinformembraneproteomicsaswellasotherbiologicalandbiotechnologicalapplications.( )Membraneproteomics,thelarge-scaleglobalanalysisofmembraneproteins,isoftenconstrainedbytheefficiencyofseparatingandextractingmembraneproteins.( )Despitethemanyadvantagesofthismethod,severalshortcomingsremain,includingpotentialcontaminationbyendogenouslybiotinylatedmoleculesandinterferencebystreptavidinduringanalyticalstages.( )Recentapproachesinvolveconjugatingmembraneproteinswiththesmallmoleculebiotinandusingthereceptorstreptavidintoextractthelabelledproteins.( )Thecapturedproteinscanberecoveredeasilyatroomtemperaturebytreatmentwithastrongcompetitorsuchas1,1′-bis(trimethylammoniomethyl)ferrocene.( )Here,wereportasupramolecularfishingmethodformembraneproteinsusingthesyntheticreceptor–ligandpaircucurbit[7]uril–1-trimethylammoniomethylferrocene(CB[7]–AFc).CB[7]-conjugatedbeadsselectivelycaptureAFc-labelledproteinsfromheterogeneousproteinmixtures,andAFc-labellingofcellsresultsintheefficientcaptureofmembraneproteinsbythesebeads.Keys>>Thesystemfirstdetectstheheadandtorsowithshapefeatures,andthenperformedasinglehypothesistrackingtocapturethelimbs.Thetrackingfusesmultiplekindsofinformationforheuristicsamplingwiththesamplingfunctionfocusedonthepropagationofparticlesinplausibledirectionswithasmallnumberofparticles.Thus,thismethodhasbetteraccuracyandsamplingefficiencythantheconventionalcondensationandannealedparticlefilteringmethods.Thecombineddetectionandtrackingalleviatesdriftandimprovesthesamplingefficiencyusinginformationfusionsampling.TheerrorontheHumanEva-IIdatasetwas71mm.Thispaperpresentsasystemfor3-Dhumanmotiontrackingbasedoninformationfusionsamplingfrommultiplesynchronizedvideos.5-1-2-4-31.Performancewiththenewtechniqueswasatleastasgoodasthatwiththestandardthumbnailgrid,eventhoughnoneofthesubjectshadpriorexperiencewithsuchsystems.2.Inanumberofcases–suchasfindingsmallgroupsofphotosorwhenseekingforimagescontainingsmalldetails–thenewtechniquesweresignificantlyfasterthantheconventionalapproach.3.Inthispaperweevaluatetechniquesforbrowsingphotographsonsmalldisplays.Wepresenttwonewinteractiontechniquesthatreplaceconventionalscrollingandzoomingcontrols.4.Inaddition,AutoZoomandGestureZoomsupportedsignificantlymoreaccurateidentificationofsubsetsofphotographs.Subjectsalsoreportedlowerlevelsofphysicalandcognitiveeffortandfrustrationwiththenewtechniquesincomparisontothethumbnailgridbrowser.5.Viaasingleuseraction,scrollingandzoomingareinter-dependentlycontrolledwithAutoZoomandindependentlycontrolledwithGestureZoom.Bothtechniqueswereevaluatedinalarge-scale,72-subjectusabilityexperimentalongsideaconventionalthumbnailgridimagebrowser.3-5-1-2-44

Wedemonstrateseveralpracticalapplications,includingdirectobservationofrecombinationeventsinafamilytrio,deterministicphasingofdeletionsinindividualsanddirectmeasurementofthehumanleukocyteantigenhaplotypesofanindividual.5

Ourapproachhaspotentialapplicationsinpersonalgenomics,single-cellgenomicsandstatisticalgenetics.2

Wedevelopedamicrofluidicdevicecapableofseparatingandamplifyinghomologouscopiesofeachchromosomefromasinglehumanmetaphasecell.Single-nucleotidepolymorphism(SNP)arrayanalysisofamplifiedDNAenabledustoachievecompletelydeterministic,whole-genome,personalhaplotypesoffourindividuals,includingaHapMaptriowithEuropeanancestry(CEU)andanunrelatedEuropeanindividual.3

Thephasesofallelesweredeterminedat~99.8%accuracyforupto~96%ofallassayedSNPs.1

Conventionalexperimentalmethodsofstudyingthehumangenomearelimitedbytheinabilitytoindependentlystudythecombinationofalleles,orhaplotype,oneachofthehomologouscopiesofthechromosomes.2

Sinceasingleexamplein2003,

noexampleshavebeenreportedofthecatalyticconversionofdinitrogenintoammoniaunderambientconditions.4

Thisis

anothersuccessfulexampleofthecatalyticanddirectconversionofdinitrogenintoammoniaunderambientreactionconditions.5

WebelievethattheresultsdescribedinthisArticleprovidevaluableinformationwithwhichtodevelopamoreeffectivenitrogen-fixationsystemundermildreactionconditions.1

Thesynthesisoftransitionmetal–dinitrogencomplexesandthestoichiometrictransformationoftheircoordinateddinitrogenintoammoniaandhydrazinehavebeenthesubjectofconsiderableresearch,withaviewtoachievingnitrogenfixationunderambientconditions.3

Thedimolybdenum–dinitrogencomplexbearingPNPpincerligandswasfoundtoworkasaneffectivecatalystfortheformationofammoniafromdinitrogen,with23

equiv.ofammoniabeingproducedwiththecatalyst(12

equiv.ofammoniaareproducedbasedonthemolybdenumatomofthecatalyst).6

Thissyntheticbutbiocompatiblehost–guestsystemmaybeausefulalternativetostreptavidin–biotinformembraneproteomicsaswellasotherbiologicalandbiotechnologicalapplicati