外研版小學(xué)英語語法總復(fù)習(xí)知識點歸納定稿版

外研版小學(xué)英語語法總復(fù)習(xí)知識點歸納一、時態(tài)1.一般現(xiàn)在時(1)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或事情，通常用“usually通常,often常常,every…每…,sometimes有時，always總是,”等詞。(2)基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語I/You/We/They/He/She/It肯定句：主語+動詞原形或動詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式否定句：主語+don’t+動詞原形或者doesn’t+動原一般疑問句(Yes/No)Do…Yes,Ido.No,Idon’t.Does…(動詞原形)…Yes,he/shedoes.No,he/shedoesn’t.特殊疑問句Whatdo…Howdoesshe…(動詞原形)…(3)動詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式(同名詞單數(shù)變成復(fù)數(shù)方法相同)1．一般情況+s如:walk-walks2.輔音字母+y結(jié)尾去y+iesfly-flies3.結(jié)尾是s,x，sh,ch+eswatch-watches4.結(jié)尾是0+esdo-does,go-goes5.特殊have-has2．現(xiàn)在進行時(1)表示正在發(fā)生的動作，通常用“now現(xiàn)在,look看，linsen聽”.(2)基本形式:be+動詞-ingeg:Iam(not)doingmyhomework.You/We/Theyare(not)reading.He/She/Itis(not)eating.WhatareyoudoingIshereading(3)動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式(動詞+ing)一般情況+ingwalk—walking結(jié)尾是不發(fā)音的e-e+ingcome—coming重讀閉音節(jié)雙寫最后一個字母+ingswim-swimmingrun-running3.一般過去時(1)表示過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情,通常用“l(fā)ast…上一個…,justnow剛才,manyyearsago許多年前，yesterday昨天”等詞。(2)be動詞的過去式:am/is—wasare—were(3)過去式基本結(jié)構(gòu)肯定句：主語+動詞過去式Iwentshoppinglastnight.否定句：主語+didn’t+動詞原形Ididn’tgoshoppinglastnight.一般疑問句(Yes/No)Did…+動詞原形…Didyougoshoppinglastnight特殊疑問句(wh-)Whatdid…+動詞原形…Whatdidyoudolastnight(4)動詞過去式的變化:規(guī)則動詞的變化:(1)一般動詞+edplanted,watered,climbedlikedtied(2)以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾+d(3)輔音字母加y結(jié)尾-y+iedstudy—studied,cry-cried(4)重讀閉音節(jié)單詞，末尾只有一個輔音字雙寫最后一個字母+edplan–plannedstop–stopped不規(guī)則動詞的變化:原形過去式am/iswasdodid原形過去式arewerefindfoundfeelfelttaketookhavehaddrivedrovebeginbegan原形過去式gowentbuyboughtdrinkdrankreadreadputputmeetmetmakemadeeatateteachtaughtgivegavesingsangcutcutletletringrangrunranwritewroteriderodesitsatseesawcomecamedrawdrewtelltoldcarrycarried4.一般將來時learnlearntstudystudiedgetgot一般將來時表示將來打算做的事或?qū)⒁l(fā)生的事情。常常與tomorrow,nextSunday等時間狀語連用。結(jié)構(gòu):begoingto+動詞原形或will+動詞原形例如:I’mgoingtovisitmygrandpanextweek.二、人稱代詞主格Iweyouhesheitthey賓格meusyouhimheritthem形容詞性物主代詞myouryourhisheritstheir名詞性物主代詞mineoursyourshishersitstheris(注:介詞，動詞后面跟賓格。后面沒有名詞時用名詞性物主代詞。)三、可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式1.一般名詞:+sbook–books2.輔音字母加y結(jié)尾:-y+iesstory—stories3.以s,x，sh,ch，結(jié)尾:+esglass—glasses;awatch-watches以o結(jié)尾:1)有生命的+espotato-potatoes2)無生命的+sphoto-photoes4.以f或fe結(jié)尾:-f或fe變?yōu)関esknife–knives;shelf-shelves5.特殊的名詞復(fù)數(shù):man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-mice,child-childrenfoot-feet,.tooth-teethfish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,四、不可數(shù)名詞(沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式)bread,rice,water,juice，milk，tea，coffee五、縮略形式I’m=Iamyou’re=youareshe’s=sheishe’s=heishasn’t=hehas(got)it’s=itiswho’s=whoiscan’t=cannotisn’t=isnotdidn’t=didnotweren’t=werenotwasn’t=wasnotlet’s=letusI’ll=Iwill六、a.an.the的用法1.單詞的第一讀音是輔音讀音:abook,apeach，a“U”單詞的第一個讀音是元音讀音:anegg，anhour，an“F”2.the要注意的:球類前面不加the，playfootball樂器前面要加the，playthepiano序數(shù)詞前面要加the,thesecond七、介詞1.表示方位:on,in,infrontof,between,nextto,near,beside,at,behind.，under2.表示時間:(1)at:幾點前面用at如:atsixo’clock,沒有day的節(jié)日前用at如:atChristmas,固定詞組attheweekends，atnight(2)on:用于星期，日期，某一天的上午、下午、晚上(指具體的某一天時)onSunday在星期天onSundaymorning在星期天的上午onMarch8在3月8日;帶有Day的節(jié)日前用on如:onNationalDay(3)in:早晨，中午，晚上前用in:inthemorning，intheafternoon，intheevening，月份前用in，如inDecember;季節(jié)前用in，如winter;年份前用in，如in1999八、基數(shù)詞變成序數(shù)詞的方法1.直接在基數(shù)詞詞尾加上th。如:seventh第七，tenth第十，thirteenth第十三，2.以y結(jié)尾的基數(shù)詞，變y為i，再加上eth。如:twentieth第二十。3.不規(guī)則的。如:first第一,second第二，third第三，fifth第五，eighth第八，ninth第九，twelfth第十二。4.有兩個或以上單詞組成的基數(shù)詞只改最后一個單詞如twenty-first第二十一。九、some/any的用法1.肯定句中用some:Ihavesometoysinmybedroom.2.問句和否定句中用any:DoyouhaveanybrothersorsistersHehasn’tgotanypencilsinhispencil-case.3.詢問想要什么時用some:WouldyoulikesomejuiceCanIhavesomestamps十、therebe結(jié)構(gòu)1.肯定句(有…):Thereis+單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞Thereare+復(fù)數(shù)注:遵循就近原則，看靠therebe最近的2.一般疑問句(有…嗎,):Isthere…Yes,thereis./No,thereisn’t.Arethere…Yes,thereare./No,therearen’t.3.否定句(沒有):Thereisn’t….Therearen’t….4.therebe句型與have(has)的區(qū)別:therebe表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has)表示某人擁有某物。十一、祈使句Sitdownplease.Don’topenthedoor,please.Let’sgotothepark.(注:祈使句中動詞用原形)十二、(情態(tài))動詞can,may,must,should,will后面直接用動詞原形。1.I/He/She/Theycansing.MayIcomeinImustgonow.2.Youshouldbequietinthelibrary.3.You’llbegoodfriends.十四、特殊疑問句1.What什么(問什么事,什么物或什么工作等)Whatareyoudoing,I’mreading.WhatdidyoudoyesterdayIplayedbasketball.WhatareyougoingtodoI’mgoingtodohomework.WhatisthatIt’sabook.Whatdoeshe/shedo?She’sanurse.WhattimeisitIt’sseven.2.Whatcolour問顏色WhatcolourisyourcoatIt’sred.3.when什么時候WhendoyougetupIgetupatsixthirty.WhenisyourbirthdayIt’sonthe21stofDecember.4.Which哪一個Whichisyourwatch,theyellowoneorthewhiteone?Theyellowismine.5.Who誰WhoisthemanwithabignoseHe’smyuncle.6.Whose誰的WhosebagisitIt’shisbag.7.Where哪里WhereismypenIt’sunderthebook.8.Why為什么WhydoyoulikesummerBecause…9.Howmany多少Howmanybooksarethereintheschoolbag?Therearefourbooksintheschoolbag.10.Howold幾歲HowoldistheyoungmanHe’snineteen.11.Howmuch多少錢HowmuchisthetoybearIt’selevenyuan.12.How怎么樣（Howlong/big/tall）HowdoyougotoschooleverydayIgotoschoolbycar.HowlongistheriverIt’s10mileslong.十五.已經(jīng)學(xué)過的動詞sayhelpknowlostlivereadruntakesinglistendancetalkwantseedrawbuyjumpmakehelplearnwashcomeswimgivetakesingfallclimbflyvisithaveeatgetcooktellcarryanswerphonetravellikegofindplaymeetridepassskipwatchflyopenwearputcatchwaitsendneedtakeusefeelsmellshoutworkputtakegetbringspeaksitdownstandupfindoutturnrightturnleftgostraightgotoschool8.Why為什么WhydoyoulikesummerBecause…9.Howmany多少Howmanybooksarethereintheschoolbag?Therearefourbooksintheschoolbag.10.Howold幾歲HowoldistheyoungmanHe’snineteen.11.Howmuch多少錢HowmuchisthetoybearIt’selevenyuan.12.How怎么樣（Howlong/big/tall）HowdoyougotoschooleverydayIgotoschoolbycar.HowlongistheriverIt’s10mileslong.十五.已經(jīng)學(xué)過的動詞sayhelpknowlostlivereadruntakesinglistendancetalkwantseedrawbuyjumpmakehelplearnwashcomeswimgivetakesingfallclimbflyvisithaveeatgetcooktellcarryanswerphonetravellikegofindplaymeetridepassskipwatchflyopenwearputcatchwaitsendneedtakeusefeelsmellshoutworkputtakegetbringspeaksitdownstandupfindoutturnrightturnleftgostraightgotoschool8.Why為什么Whydoyoulikesumm