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Unit4ADVERSITYANDCOURAGEPeriod2Learningaboutlanguage詞匯默寫_______________n.困境;逆境________________adj.嚴(yán)寒的;激烈而不愉快的;味苦的________________n.探險(xiǎn);遠(yuǎn)征;探險(xiǎn)隊(duì)________________n.忍耐力;耐久力________________n.精力;力量;活力________________adj.符合資格;具備……的知識(shí)(或技能、學(xué)歷等)________________adj.熱情的;熱心的________________adv.&prep.上(船、飛機(jī)、公共汽車等)________________n.櫥柜;壁櫥;衣柜_______________vt.分派;布置;分配________________n.(輪船、飛機(jī)或火車上的)乘務(wù)員;服務(wù)員________________n.&vt.羨慕;妒忌________________vt.毀壞;壓壞;壓碎n.擁擠的人群________________沉沒;下沉;下降vt.使下沉;使沉沒________________vt.舍棄;拋棄;放棄________________n.爐具;廚房灶具_(dá)_______________n.毯子________________________財(cái)物;動(dòng)產(chǎn)________________adj.溫馨的;舒適的________________adj.自私的________________adj.脾氣好的/壞的________________adj.真正的;真誠(chéng)的;可信賴的___________________n.毅力;韌性;不屈不撓的精神____________________vi.堅(jiān)持;孜孜以求________________vi.&vt.決定;決心;解決(問題或困難)n.決心;堅(jiān)定的信念________________n.決議;解決;堅(jiān)定_______________n.(輪船、飛機(jī)等上面的)全體工作人員;專業(yè)團(tuán)隊(duì);一群人________________adj.殘酷的;殘忍的;冷酷的________________adj.深入的;徹底的;細(xì)致的________________n.家具_(dá)________________________.不幸地;遺憾地________________adv.幸運(yùn)地________________.(狗)吠叫;吠叫聲________________.球拍;蝙蝠vi.&vt.用球板擊球;揮打;拍打________________adj.潮濕的;濕氣重的________________n.娛樂;消遣;游戲?________________n.指導(dǎo);引導(dǎo);導(dǎo)航________________n.廣告活動(dòng);廣告業(yè)________________vt.&vi.公布;宣傳;做廣告________________adj.公司的;法人的;社團(tuán)的________________adj.痛苦的;令人難受的________________n.&vi.航海;航行________________n.海軍;海軍部隊(duì)________________adj.相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)的;正派的;得體的_______________adj.洶涌的;粗糙的;粗略的________________n.領(lǐng)航員;(飛機(jī)、船舶等上的)航行者_(dá)_______________adj.忠誠(chéng)的;忠實(shí)的________________n.發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī);馬達(dá)adj.有引擎的;機(jī)動(dòng)車的________________n.候選人;應(yīng)試者_(dá)_______________n.(人生的)一段經(jīng)歷;(小說的)片段;插曲________________n.承諾;保證;奉獻(xiàn)________________n.動(dòng)機(jī);原因;目的短語默寫________________拒絕(某人)________________生火________________放出(熱、光、氣味或氣體)________________振作精神________________設(shè)法做某事________________完全地;徹底地________________熱衷于________________上船________________成為被困在________________到一個(gè)地方的探險(xiǎn)核心詞匯教材原句p.40Theofficerwasassigned/employedtoconductathoroughinvestigationintotheincident.這名官員被指派/受雇對(duì)該事件進(jìn)行徹底調(diào)查。1.thoroughadj.深入的;徹底的;細(xì)致的;考慮周到的thoroughunderstanding透徹的了解 thoroughcleaning徹底的打掃thoroughdescription詳盡的描寫Igavetheradioathoroughinspectionbeforebuyingit.我把收音機(jī)徹底檢查了一遍才買了下來。Hewasevenmorethoroughaboutreadingthearticle.他對(duì)這篇文章讀得更仔細(xì)?!驹~語積累】thoroughlyadv.非常;徹底;完全;仔細(xì);縝密 教材原句p.40Unfortunately,hisapplicationwasturneddownbecausehewastooyoungandnotqualifiedenough.不幸的是,他的申請(qǐng)被拒絕了,因?yàn)樗贻p,沒有足夠的資格。2unfortunately(=unluckily)adv.不幸地;遺憾地Unfortunately,IhurtmykneewhenIfelldownontheice.不幸的是,我在冰上摔倒時(shí)摔傷了膝蓋。【詞語積累】(1)fortunateadj.幸運(yùn)的 befortunateindoingsth.因做某事感到幸運(yùn) befortunatetodosth.有幸能做某事 It’sfortunatethat...幸運(yùn)的是…Someservantswerefortunateingettingkindmasterswhodidn’taskthemtoworktoohard.有些仆人很幸運(yùn),他們的主人很和善,并不要求他們拼命地干活。I’mfortunateenoughtohavefoundajobthatIlove.我很幸運(yùn)找到了一份我喜歡的工作。Itwasfortunateforhimthathisparentsmanagedtosendhimtoschoolthoughbadlyoff.他很幸運(yùn),盡管很窮,他的父母還是設(shè)法送他上學(xué)。(2)fortunen.運(yùn)氣;財(cái)富 tryone’sfortune碰運(yùn)氣 makeafortune發(fā)大財(cái) HewenttoAustraliaandsoonmadeafortune.他去了澳大利亞,很快就發(fā)了財(cái)。(3)fortunatelyadv.幸運(yùn)地 unfortunateadj.不幸的 單句語法填空(1)___________(fortunate),aftersixyears’hardwork,hefoundedhisowncompany.(2)___________(unfortunate),hisfatherdied,leavingthewholefamilyevenpoorer.(3)Hefelt___________(fortune)thattheinterviewerspokehighlyofhimduringtheinterview.(4)Iwasfortunate___________(enjoy)suchattractivesceneryinyourhometown.(5)CentralLondonisfortunate___________havingsomanylargeparksandopenspaces.完成句子(6)I___________(非常幸運(yùn)地遇到了教授)whoappreciatedmypaintingsverymuch.(7)___________(幸運(yùn)的是)theyhadsetoutearlybecausethetrafficwasterrible.(8)Knowingthatitwaseasytofinddiamondinthedesert,hewentthereto__________________(碰運(yùn)氣).3.applicationn.申請(qǐng);請(qǐng)求;(尤指理論、發(fā)現(xiàn)等的)應(yīng)用makeanapplication(tosb.)forsth.(向某人)申請(qǐng)……anapplicationletter求職信;申請(qǐng)信fillinanapplicationform填寫申請(qǐng)表Ididn’treceiveanacknowledgementofmyapplication.對(duì)我的申請(qǐng),我還沒有收到復(fù)信告知收悉。Theymadeanapplicationtothecommitteeforpermissiontousethetenniscourt.他們向委員會(huì)申請(qǐng)使用這個(gè)網(wǎng)球場(chǎng)。theapplicationsofgeneticengineeringinagriculture基因工程在農(nóng)業(yè)上的應(yīng)用Theapplicationofnewscientificdiscoveriestoindustrialproductionmethodsusuallyincreasesefficiency.把新的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)應(yīng)用到工業(yè)生產(chǎn)方法上,通常可以提高效率。詞語積累】(1)applyv.應(yīng)用;申請(qǐng)apply...to...把……應(yīng)用到……applyoneselfto致力于,專心于apply(tosb.)for...(向某人)申請(qǐng)……Thenewtechnologywasappliedtofarming.這項(xiàng)新技術(shù)被應(yīng)用于農(nóng)業(yè)。Hehasbeenapplyinghimselftoachievinghispersonalgoal.他一直致力于實(shí)現(xiàn)他的個(gè)人目標(biāo)。Lyndandhundredsofyoungpeoplelikehimappliedforthepostoftypist.林德和幾百個(gè)像他那樣的青年申請(qǐng)這個(gè)打字員的職位。(2)applicantn.申請(qǐng)人 appliedadj.應(yīng)用的;實(shí)用的單句語法填空(1)Yourfootwillfeelbetterafterthe___________(apply)ofthisointment.(2)Tomydelight,Iwaschosenfromhundredsof___________(apply)toattendtheopeningceremony.(3)Nowlotsofnewtechnologiescanbeappliedto___________(solve)problemsinindustry.(4)Iamwritingtoapply___________thepositionasavolunteerintheEnglishfestival.(5)Lastweekweapplied___________(join)theBridgeClub.完成句子(6)Onlyinthiswaycanwe___________(更好地將理論應(yīng)用于實(shí)踐).(7)We___________(將向……申請(qǐng))theauthoritiesforassistance.(8)Thecoach___________(專心于)selectingthebestathleteslastyear.教材原句p.41Hefinallyfinishedtheresearchpaperunderhistutor’sguidance.在導(dǎo)師的指導(dǎo)下,他終于完成了研究論文。4.guidancen.指導(dǎo);引導(dǎo);(火箭等的)導(dǎo)航undersb.’sguidance在某人的指導(dǎo)下withouttheguidanceofsb.沒有某人的指導(dǎo)provideguidance提供指導(dǎo)personalguidance親自指導(dǎo)Underhisfather’sguidance,helearnedhowtoswim.他在父親的指導(dǎo)下學(xué)會(huì)了游泳。Hecompletedhispaperindependentlywithouttheguidanceofhistutor.他在沒有導(dǎo)師指導(dǎo)的情況下獨(dú)立完成了論文?!驹~語積累】guidevt.指導(dǎo),影響(某人的行為);指引n.指南,手冊(cè)單句語法填空(1)WhenIwasintrouble,heoffered____________(guide)tomeonmycareer.(2)____________hisfather’sguidance,heisverylikelytosettlethematter.完成句子(3)____________(在他姐姐的指導(dǎo)下),heislikelytocompletetheproject.(4)Theagencyoffers____________(切合實(shí)際的指導(dǎo))topeoplestartingtheirownbusinesses.教材原句p.41Thecompanylaunchedanadvertisingcampaigntopromoteitscorporateimage.公司發(fā)起了一場(chǎng)廣告宣傳活動(dòng)來提升公司形象。5.advertisevt.&vi.(為……)做廣告;(在報(bào)紙、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)等上)公布;宣傳(自己的事)advertiseforsb.todosth.登廣告招聘某人做某事Wedecidedtoadvertiseournewproduct.我們決定為我們的新產(chǎn)品做廣告。Motherhasbeenadvertisingforacleanerforweekswithoutsuccess.近幾周母親接連登廣告想招聘一名清潔工,但至今沒有找到人。Theyadvertisedforayounggirltolookafterthechildren.他們登廣告想招聘一位年輕姑娘來照顧孩子們。【詞語積累】advertisingn.廣告活動(dòng);廣告業(yè)advertisementn.廣告advertisern.登廣告者;廣告商【一言助記】Theadvertisersputsomeadvertisementsinthelocalpapertoadvertisetheirproducts.廣告商在當(dāng)?shù)貓?bào)紙上刊登了一些廣告來宣傳他們的產(chǎn)品。單句語法填空(1)Thecouncilareadvertising____________ateacherinthisweek’snewspaper.(2)We’veadvertisedforsomeone____________(look)afterthegarden.(3)The____________(advertise)campaigndidn’thavemucheffectonsales.(4)Ifyouwanttosellyouroldsofa,whynotputan____________(advertise)inthelocalnewspaper?完成句子(5)Wecan____________(在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上刊登廣告).(6)We____________(刊登廣告求購(gòu))asecond-handcar.教材原句p.42Theysailedonroughseasfordays...他們?cè)诓龥坝康暮C嫔虾叫辛撕脦滋臁?.roughadj.洶涌的;粗糙的;粗略的;艱難的;崎嶇的;令人不快的;粗魯?shù)拇钆洌篵eroughonsb.對(duì)某人粗暴苛刻aroughsea波濤洶涌的大海 aroughtime艱難時(shí)期aroughroad崎嶇的道路 aroughcalculation/estimateofthecost對(duì)成本的粗略計(jì)算/估計(jì)Shouldtheweatherberough,wewon’tbeabletogoriding.萬一是狂風(fēng)暴雨的天氣,我們就不能去騎馬。IthinkJoneshastendedtogetjustalittlerough.我覺得瓊斯變得有點(diǎn)粗魯了。Itisreallyunwisetoberoughonyourcustomers.對(duì)你的顧客粗暴是很不明智的。【詞語積累】roughlyadv.粗暴地,粗野地;粗糙地;大約,大致,差不多 寫出句中rough的含義(1)You’dbettergiveusaroughideaofyourprice. ___________(2)Hetooksomenailsandbitsofwood,andbuiltthemintoaroughcupboard.___________(3)Inthedarkourjeepbumpedalongtheroughmountainroad. ___________(4)Wehadratheraroughtime. ___________(5)Thelittleboyhasaroughtongue. ___________完成句子(6)Theboss ___________(對(duì)……很粗暴)theyoungman.(7)Theshipwasbadlyknockedaboutby ___________(波濤洶涌的大海).教材原句p.38...Well,itsohappenedthatonemorningIboughtanewspaper...……嗯,碰巧有一天早上我買了一份報(bào)紙……【句式分析】該句中it是形式主語,that引導(dǎo)的從句是真正的主語。1.Ithappensthat...碰巧……Ithappensthathiseldersisterisagoodfriendofmine.碰巧他姐姐是我的一個(gè)好朋友?!練w納拓展】Itchancesthat...(=Ithappensthat...)碰巧……Sb.happen(s)todosth.某人碰巧做某事。Sth.happenedtosb.某事發(fā)生在某人身上。Itchancedthatthewinterofthatyearwasasevereone.碰巧那年冬天特別冷。Shehappenedtohavejustfinishedreadingthebook.她碰巧剛讀完那本書。Somethingunexpectedmusthavehappenedtohimifhedidn’tturnupattheparty.如果他沒有出現(xiàn)在聚會(huì)上,一定發(fā)生了意想不到的事。單句語法填空(1)___________sohappenedthatIhadnomoneywithme.(2)Ihappened___________(be)therewhentheaccidenthappened.(3)Itchanced___________theharvestwasbadthatyear.完成句子(4)You___________(碰巧出去了)whenIcametoyourhouse.(5)___________(碰巧)hehadtobepresentatameeting.(6)It’sthebestthingthathasever___________(發(fā)生在我身上).教材原句p.44TherewerenotreesgrowingonAntarcticaandnooil,sotheonlyfuelwecouldusewasanimalfat.南極洲沒有樹木生長(zhǎng),也沒有石油,所以我們唯一能使用的燃料就是動(dòng)物脂肪。4.Therebe+主語+非謂語動(dòng)詞該句式中,非謂語動(dòng)詞作后置定語,修飾前面的主語。具體形式:(1)Therebe+主語+doing(表示主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行)Thereare300peoplemovingtothenewfactoryinthesouth.有三百人搬到南方的新工廠。(2)Therebe+主語+done(表示被動(dòng)或完成)Inthisbook,therearepassageslearntbefore.在這本書里,有一些以前學(xué)過的段落。(3)Therewillbe+主語+todo(表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生)Therewillbesomeproblemstodiscussattheconference.會(huì)議上將有一些問題要討論?!菊`區(qū)警示】當(dāng)主語與其后的不定式是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí),不定式用主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)均可,有些沒有意義上的區(qū)別,有些則有區(qū)別。 Thereisnotimetolose/tobelost.時(shí)間不容耽擱。Thereisnothingtosee.沒有什么東西值得看。 Thereisnothingtobeseen.看不見什么東西。單句語法填空(1)In1812,theyearCharlesDickenswasborn,therewere66novels_________(publish)inBritain.(2)Yetthereisevidence_________(suggest)thatthetrendisgrowing.(3)Thereisonlyonemoreday_________(go)beforeyourfavoritemusicgroupplaylive.(4)Therearestillmanyproblems_________(solve)beforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.完成句子(5)Therearesomecitizens_________(站在畫廊前).(6)Thereisaredcar_________(停在房子外面).(7)_________(無事可做)andhejustsitsthereabsent-minded.教材原句p.45Whenwewerefinallyrescued,wefeltsuchreliefandjoythatmanyofuscouldnothideourtears.當(dāng)我們終于獲救時(shí),我們感到如釋重負(fù),喜極而泣。5.such...that...如此……以至于……ThisbookiswritteninsucheasyEnglishthatbeginnerscanunderstandit.這本書是用淺易的英語寫的,所以初學(xué)者可以讀懂。(1)such...that...可用于以下三個(gè)句型:such+a(n)+adj.+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+that...;such+adj.+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+that...;such+adj.+不可數(shù)名詞+that...ThisissuchausefuldictionarythatI’mthinkingofbuyingit.這本詞典很有用,我正打算買它。Theyaresuchfineteachersthatweallhavegreatrespectforthem.他們是非常好的老師,我們都對(duì)他們極為尊敬。Hehasmadesuchgreatprogressthattheteachersarepleasedwithhim.他進(jìn)步得很快,老師們對(duì)他感到很滿意。(2)so...that...用于以下四個(gè)句型:so+adj./adv.+that...; so+adj.+a(n)+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+that...; so+many/few+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+that...; so+much/little(少)+不可數(shù)名詞+that...Susanwassoexhaustedthatshecouldn’teatdinner.蘇姍疲憊得吃不下晚餐。Thisissointerestingabookthatweallenjoyreadingit.這本書非常有趣,我們都喜歡看。HehassomanybooksthatIcan’tco

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