亞馬遜熱帶雨林-生物多樣性及其重要性

TheAmazonRiverLifeforceoftheAmazonrainforestBeginsasatrickleintheAndesmountainsandflowsmorethan6400kmandenterstheAtlanticOceanatBelem,Brazilwhereitis480kmwide.Itisstill11.2kmwide1600kminland.ItisdeepenoughforOceanLinerstotravelover4000kminland.第一頁第二頁，共33頁。TheAmazonRiver第二頁第三頁，共33頁。TheAmazonRiver第三頁第四頁，共33頁。TheAmazonRiverTherearethousandsofkilometersofnavigablewatersthroughouttheAmazonandit’stributaries.CarriesmassivequantitiesofsiltwhichtravelsasrunofffromtheforestfloorSiltisdepositedatthemouthoftheAmazoncreatingthelargestriverislandintheworldMarajoIsland(samesizeasSwitzerland)第四頁第五頁，共33頁。TheAmazonRiver第五頁第六頁，共33頁。TheAmazonRiver第六頁第七頁，共33頁。TheAmazonRiverMorethan2,000speciesoffishexistintheAmazonRiver,whichismorethanwhatexistsintheAtlanticOcean.第七頁第八頁，共33頁。TheAmazonRiver第八頁第九頁，共33頁。第九頁第十頁，共33頁。The“LungsofourPlanet”AmazonRainforestEncompassesareasinBrazil,Venezuela,Colombia,EcuadorandPeru,Suriname,Guyana,Bolivia,andFrenchGuinea.第十頁第十一頁，共33頁。The“LungsofourPlanet”第十一頁第十二頁，共33頁。The“LungsofourPlanet”IftheAmazonwasacountryitwouldbethe9thlargestcountryontheplanet(1.2billionacresor48millionfootballfields).Itrepresents54%ofallrainforestsontheearth.20%ofalloxygenisprovidedhere.第十二頁第十三頁，共33頁。The“LungsofourPlanet”第十三頁第十四頁，共33頁。The“LungsofourPlanet”Let’simagineafootballfield…..第十四頁第十五頁，共33頁。BiodiversityintheAmazon

1footballfield(1acre)cancontain900tons(1,800,000lbs)oflivingplants,includingmorethan750speciesoftreesand1500otherspeciesofplants.Therearelessthan750speciesoftreesinallNorthAmerica.OnetreeinPeruwasfoundtohave43differentspeciesofants–atotalthatequalsthenumberofantspeciesoftheU.K.第十五頁第十六頁，共33頁。Biodiversity

第十六頁第十七頁，共33頁。Biodiversity

ScientistshaveabetterunderstandingofthenumberofstarsthantheyhaveofthenumberofspeciesthereareonEarth.Estimatesvaryfrom2-100millionspecieswiththebestestimateof10million.1.4millionhavebeennamed.1/5ofallbirdsarefoundintheAmazon.第十七頁第十八頁，共33頁。Biodiversity

Lessthan1%ofplantspecieshavebeenstudiedforpossibleuses.121prescriptiondrugscurrentlysoldworldwidecomefromplantsources.U.S.NationalCancerCenterhaveidentified3000plantsthatareactiveagainstcancercells.70%arefoundintheRainforest,and25%areONLYfoundintheRainforest.第十八頁第十九頁，共33頁。Biodiversity

WatchpartofPlanetEarth’s“Jungles”Listsomeexamplesofuniquefauna(animal)diversity.Listsomeexamplesofuniqueflora(plant)diversity.TimeLapsephotographyshowsplantgrowthinan“open”area.WhyistheRainforestsoproductive?第十九頁第二十頁，共33頁。FoodAtleast3000fruitsarefoundintherainforests;oftheseonly200arenowinuseintheWesternWorld.TheIndiansoftherainforestuseover2,000.第二十頁第二十一頁，共33頁。Food80%ofthedevelopedworld’sdietoriginatedinthetropicalrainforestavocados,coconuts,figs,oranges,lemons,grapefruit,bananas,guavas,pineapples,mangosandtomatoes;vegetablesincludingcorn,potatoes,rice,wintersquashandyams;spiceslikeblackpepper,cayenne,chocolate,cinnamon,cloves,ginger,sugarcane,tumeric,coffeeandvanillaandnutsincludingBrazilnutsandcashews.第二十一頁第二十二頁，共33頁。IndigenousPeopleTherewereanestimatedtenmillionIndianslivingintheAmazonianRainforestfivecenturiesago.Todaytherearelessthan200,000.InBrazilalone,Europeancolonistshavedestroyedmorethan90indigenoustribessincethe1900’s.Withthemhavegonecenturiesofaccumulatedknowledgeofthemedicinalvalueofrainforestspecies.第二十二頁第二十三頁，共33頁。RainforestLoss1-11/2acresofrainforestarelosteverysecond.That’s1footballfield/s(1800/hr,43,200/day).Someestimatessaythatwearelosing137plant,animalandinsectspecieseverysingledayduetorainforestdeforestation.Thatequatesto50,000speciesayear.第二十三頁第二十四頁，共33頁。第二十四頁第二十五頁，共33頁。第二十五頁第二十六頁，共33頁。RainforestLoss

Massivedeforestationcauses;-airandwaterpollution -soilerosion -releaseofcarbondioxide-lossofindigenouscultures-lossofbiodiversityandspecies第二十六頁第二十七頁，共33頁。Someestimatesarethat1.5footballfields(1.5acres)ofRainforestarelosteverysecond.第二十七頁第二十八頁，共33頁。Ittakesroughly10secondstoreciteyourABC’s.Thisi