2022年全國(guó)乙卷英語(yǔ)真題(原卷版)

2022年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試（全國(guó)乙卷）

英語(yǔ)

注意事項(xiàng)：

1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。

2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)

涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí),

將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上，寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。

3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分）

做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷

上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。

第一節(jié)（共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分7.5分）

聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)。每段對(duì)話(huà)后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)

中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話(huà)后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱

讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話(huà)僅讀一遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt?

A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.

答案是C。

1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?

A.Havebreakfast.B.Takeawalk.C.Callhisoffice.

2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

WhatwasGeorgedoinglastnight?

A.Havingameeting.B.Flyinghome,C.Workingona

project.

3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

Whydoesthemansuggestgoingtothepark?

A.Ifsbig.B.It'squiet.C.It'snew.

4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

Howdoesthewomansound?

A.Annoyed.B.Pleased.C.Puzzled.

5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

Whereistheman'stable?

A.Nearthedoor.B.Bythewindow.C.Inthecorner.

第二節(jié)（共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分22.5分）

聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、

B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)

小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)

白讀兩遍。

聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話(huà)，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

6.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodotonight?

A.Eatout.B.Goshopping.C.Dosports.

7.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Bossandsecretary.B.Hostessandguest.C.Husbandand

wife.

聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話(huà)，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

8.WhydoesthewomanthinkJulyisthebesttimetomove?

A.Theirbusinessisslow.

B.Theweatherisfavorable.

C.Ifseasytohirepeople.

9.Howwilltheyhandlethemoving?

A.Finishitallatonce.

B.Havethesalessectiongofirst.

C.Doonedepartmentatatime.

聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話(huà)，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

10.WhatdidPeterlearnfromhisgrandfather?

A.Howtoappreciateartworks.

B.Howtodealwithartists.

C.Howtorunamuseum.

11.WhatdidPeterdoinChicago?

A.Hestudiedatacollege.B.Heservedinthearmy,C.Heworkedina

gallery.

12.WhoseworksdidPeterlikebest?

A.Rembrandt's.B.Botticelli's.C.Rubens\

聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話(huà)，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

13.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?

A.Atalibrary.B.Inalawfirm.C.Onatrain.

14.BywhattimedidJohnplantofinishhistermpaper?

A.March.B.August.C.October.

15.WhydidJohnquithispart-timejob?

A.Hehadtocatchupwithhisstudy.

B.Hewasofferedabetterone.

C.Hegottiredofit.

16.WhatisSusan'sattitudetoJohn'sproblem?

A.Carefree.B.Understanding.C.Forgiving.

聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

17.Whatdidthespeakerdobeforetheyear2012?

A.Afitnesscoach.B.Achessplayer,C.Amarathon

runner.

18.Whywasthe2016Olympicsimportantforthespeaker?

A.HewasmotivatedbyBolt.B.Hebrokeaworldrecord,C.Hewonfifth

place.

19.Whichisthehardestforthespeaker?

A.Gettingoveraninjury.B.Doingstrengthtraining.C.Representing

Botswana.

20.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?

A.Hisplantogoforthegold.

B.Hisexperienceonthetrack.

C.Hisloveforhishomecountry.

第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分40分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題2分，滿(mǎn)分30分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

HenryRaeburn（1756-1823）

TheExhibition

ThisexhibitionofsomesixtymasterpiecescelebratingthelifeandworkofScotland'sbest

lovedpainter,SirHenryRaeburn,comestoLondon.Selectedfromcollectionsthroughoutthe

world,itisthefirstmajorexhibitionofhisworktobeheldinoverfortyyears.

LectureSeries

ScottishNationalPortrait（肖像畫(huà)）Gallerypresentsaseriesoflecturesforthegeneral

public.TheyareheldintheLectureRoom.Admissiontolecturesisfree.

AnIntroductiontoRaeburnRaeburn3EnglishContemporaries

Sunday26Oct.,15.00Thursday30Oct.,13.10

DUNCANTHOMSONJUDYEGERTON

CharactersandCharacterisationinRaeburnandArtistsTraininginthe

RaeburnsPortraits18thCentury

Thursday6Nov.,13.10Thursday13Nov.,13.10

NICHOLASPHILLIPSONMARTINPOSTLE

ExhibitionTimes

Monday—Saturday10.00—17.45Sunday12.00—17.45

Lastadmissiontotheexhibition:17.15.Thereisnore-admission.

Closed:24—26Decemberand1January.

Admission

￡4.Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyanadultareadmittedfree.

SchoolsandColleges

Aspeciallowentrancechargeof￡2perpersonisavailabletoallinfull-timeeducationup

toandincludingthoseatfirstdegreelevel,inorganisedgroupswithteachers.

21.WhatistherighttimeforattendingRaeburnkEnglishContemporaries?

A.Sun.26Oct.B.Thurs.30Oct.C.Thurs.6Nov.D.

Thurs.13Nov.

22.Howmuchwouldacouplewithtwochildrenunder12payforadmission?

A.￡4.B.￡8.C.￡12.D.￡16.

23.Howcanfull-timestudentsgetgroupdiscounts?

A.TheyshouldgoonSundaymornings.B.Theyshouldcomefromartschools.

C.Theymustbeledbyteachers.D.TheymusthaveIDcardswiththem.

B

In1916,twogirlsofwealthyfamilies,bestfriendsfromAuburn,N.Y.—DorothyWoodruff

andRosamondUnderwood-traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachinaone-

roomschoolhouse.ThegirlshadgonetoSmithCollege.Theyworeexpensiveclothes.Sofor

themtomovetoElkhead,Colo,toinstructthechildrenwhoseshoeswereheldtogetherwithstring

wasasurprise.TheirstayinElkheadisthesubjectofNothingDaunted:TheUnexpected

EducationofTwoSocietyGirlsintheWestbyDorothyWickenden,whoisamagazineeditorand

DorothyWoodruff'sgranddaughter.

Whydidtheygothen?Welltheywantedtodosomethinguseful.Soon,however,they

realizedwhattheyhadundertaken.

Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,and,likethem,hadlittleprivacy,rare

baths,andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.Somemornings,

RosamondandDorothywouldarriveattheschoolhousetofindthechildrenweepingfromthe

cold.Inspring,thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.

InWickenden'sbook,sheexpandedonthehistoryoftheWestandalsoonfeminism,which

ofcourseinfluencedthegirls,decisiontogotoElkhead.Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthe

buildingoftherailroads,whichentailed（牽涉）drillingthroughtheRockies,ofteninblinding

snowstonns.ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy'sreturntoAuburn.

Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicism（堅(jiān)忍）ofthe

peoplemovehertosomebeautifulwriting.HereisapictureofDorothyWoodruff,onherhorse,

lookingdownfromahilltop:"Whenthesunslippedbehindthemountains,itshedarosyglowall

aroundthem.Thenafullmoonrose.Thesnowwasmarkedonlybysmallanimals:foxes,coyotes,

mice,andvaryinghares,whichturnedwhiteinthewinter.^^

24.WhydidDorothyandRosamondgototheRockyMountains?

A.Toteachinaschool.B.TostudyAmericanhistory.

C.Towriteabook.D.Todosightseeing.

25.Whatcanwelearnaboutthegirlsfromparagraph3?

A.Theyenjoyedmuchrespect.B.Theyhadaroomwithabathtub.

C.Theylivedwiththelocalkids.D.Theysufferedseverehardships.

26.WhichpartofWickenden'swritingishair-raising?

A.TheextremeclimateofAuburn.B.ThelivingconditionsinElkhead.

C.TherailroadbuildingintheRockies.D.ThenaturalbeautyoftheWest.

27.Whatisthetext?

A.Anewsreport.B.Abookreview.C.Achildren'sstory.D.Adiary

entry.

C

Canasmallgroupofdrones（無(wú)人機(jī)）guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,at

thesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikely

futureofapplyingtoday's"eyesinthesky“technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsof

kilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure（基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施）worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7

basis.

Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddo

preciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuch

asthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbe

inspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costs

wouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient（高效）acrosstheboard.

Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnel

safety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayear

onmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherail

infrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews'

efforts.

Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservicesfor

railways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.To

performthesetasks,dronesforraildon'tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworking

onanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthe

train,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIand

travellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,they

couldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.

28.Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible?

A.Theuseofdronesincheckingonpowerlines.B.Drones9abilitytoworkathigh

altitudes.

C.Thereductionofcostindesigningdrones.D.Drones'reliableperformancein

remoteareas.

29.Whatdoes"maintenance“underlinedinparagraph3referto?

A.Personnelsafety.B.Assistancefromdrones.

CInspectionandrepair.D.Constructionofinfrastructure.

30.Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?

A.Toprovideearlywarning.B.Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.

C.Toearnprofitsforthecrews.D.Toacceleratetransportation.

31.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?

A.WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDrones

B.HowProductionofDronesCanBeExpanded

C.WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFace

D.HowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailways

D

TheGovernment'ssugartaxonsoftdrinkshasbroughtinhalfasmuchmoneyasMinisters

firstpredicteditwouldgenerate,thefirstofficialdataonthepolicyhasshown.

FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5g

ofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity（月巴胖）.Itisbelievedthat

today'schildrenandteenagersareconsumingthreetimestherecommendedlevelofsugar,putting

thematahigherriskofthedisease.

Initiallythesugartaxwasexpectedtomake￡520mayearfortheTreasury.However,dataof

thefirstsixmonthsshoweditwouldmakelessthanhalfthisamount.Atpresentitisexpectedto

generate￡240mfortheyearendinginApril2019,whichwillgotoschoolsports.

Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutby

manufacturers（制J造商）sotheycanavoidpayingthetax.Drinksnowcontain45millionfewer

kilosofsugarasaresultofmanufacturers9effortstoavoidthecharge,accordingtoTreasury

figures.SinceAprildrinkscompanieshavebeenforcedtopaybetween18pand24pforeverylitre

ofsugarydrinktheyproduceorimport,dependingonthesugarcontent.

However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartaxand

arerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milk-baseddrinksandmost

alcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallcompaniesmanufacturingfewerthanImlitresper

year.

Today'sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugar

taxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilities（設(shè)施）andhealthiereatingin

schools.Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,

andtheindustryisplayingitspart.

32.Whywasthesugartaxintroduced?

A.Tocollectmoneyforschools.B.Toimprovethequalityofdrinks.

C.Toprotectchildren'shealth.D.Toencourageresearchineducation.

33.Howdidsomedrinkscompaniesrespondtothesugartax?

A.Theyturnedtooverseasmarkets.B.Theyraisedthepricesoftheir

products.

C.Theycutdownontheirproduction.D.Theyreducedtheirproducts9sugar

content.

34Fromwhichofthefollowingisthesugartaxcollected?

A.Mostalcoholicdrinks.B.Milk-baseddrinks.C.Fruitjuices.D.Classic

Coke.

35.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?

A.Itisashort-sighteddecision.B.Itisasuccessstory.

C.Itbenefitsmanufacturers.D.Itupsetscustomers.

第二節(jié)（共5小題;每小題2分，滿(mǎn)分10分）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩

項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

Friendshipneedscareandattentiontokeepitingoodhealth.Herearefivewaystosustain

（保持）long-distancefriendships.

?Setaregulardate

Long-lastingfriendshipssharethecharacteristicthatbothsidesequallycontact（聯(lián)系）and

sharewithoneanother.Withbusyschedules,squeezinginphonecallscanbeachallenge.

36.

?Moreisn'talwaysmerrier

Makesureyouhavecommunicatedwithyourfriendabouthowfrequentlyeachofyouwants

tobecontactedandwhatmethodworksbestforyouboth.37.Therearealternativesto

constantwrittencommunication,suchasleavingvoicemessagesorhavingagroupchat.

?Practiseempathy（共情）

38.Thefriendwhoisremainingneedstobesensitivetoalltheadditionaltime

demandsplacedonthefriendwhohasmoved.Theoneinthenewenvironmentshouldbe

sympathetictothefactthatyourfriendmayfeelabandoned.

?39

Anniversariesandbirthdayscarryevenmoreweightinlong-distancefriendships.Although

technologymightmakeday-to-daycommunicationpossible,extraeffortgoesalongwayon

specialdays.Simplykeepingadiarythatkeepstrackoffriends,birthdaysandotherimportant

dateswillmakesurenothingslipsbyyou.

?Don'trelyontechnologyalone

40、butlong-distancefriendships—evencloseones-mayrequiremoreconscious

efforttosustain.Trytoseekoutchancestorenewfriendships.Howtodoit?Justspendface-to-

facetimetogetherwheneverpossible.

A.Rememberimportantdates

B.Compensatebywritingletters

C.Itisalsohelpfulforyoutobeafriendshipkeeper

D.Trytofindatimethatworksforbothofyouandsticktoit

E.Friendsneedtotalkabouttheirpreferredmethodsofcommunication

F.Itiseasytohaveasenseofconnectednessthroughsocialmedia

G.Youmaybethefriendwholeftortheonewhowasleftbehind

語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分45分）

第一節(jié)（共20小題;每小題1.5分,滿(mǎn)分30分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填

入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

Youngchildrenacrosstheglobeenjoyplayinggamesofhideandseek.Forthem,there's

somethinghighlyexcitingabout41someoneelse'sglanceandmakingoneselfunabletobe

seen.

However,weallwitnessthatpreschoolchildrenareremarkably42athiding.They

oftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands,leavingtherestoftheirbodies43.

Foralongtime,thisineffectivehidingmethodwas44asevidencethatchildrenare

hopelessly“egocentric”（自我中心的）creatures.Butour45researchresultsinchild

developmentalpsychology46thatidea.

Webroughtyoungchildrenaged2-4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC.Each

47satdownwithanadultwhocoveredherowneyesor48.Wethenaskedthe

childifshecould49orheartheadult.Surprisingly,childrenrepliedthattheycouldn't.The

same50happenedwhentheadultcoveredherownmouth:51childrensaid

thattheycouldn't52toher.

Anumberof53ruledoutthatthechildrenmisunderstoodwhattheywerebeing

asked.Theresultswereclear:Ouryoungsubjects54thequestionsandknew

55whatwasaskedofthem.Their56tothequestionsreflectedtheirtrue

57that“Icanseeyouonlyifyoucanseeme,too."Theysimply58mutual

（相互）recognitionandregard.Our59suggestwhenachild“hides“byputtinga

blanketoverherhead,itisnotaresultofegocentrism.Infact,childrenconsiderthismethod

60whenothersuseit.

41.A.followingB.takingC.escapingD.

directing

42.A.cleverB.badC.scaredD.quick

43.A.exposedB.examinedC.untouchedD.

imbalanced

44.A.supportedB.guaranteedC.imaginedD.

interpreted

45.A.disappointingB.mixedC.surprisingD.desired

46.A.explainedB.confirmedC.contradictedD.tested

47.A.parentB.childC.researcherD.doctor

48.A.feetB.noseC.handsD.ears

49.A.seeB.helpC.reachD.fool

50.A.eventB.thingC.actionD.accident

51.A.YetB.NowC.SoonD.Once

52.A.speakB.listenC.turnD.wave

53.A.instructionsB.descriptionsC.experimentsD.

assumptions

54.A.comprehendedB.predictedC.exploredD.ignored

55.A.partlyB.honestlyC.vaguelyD.exactly

56.A.responsesB.approachesC.contributionD.

sensitivity

57.A.abilityB.beliefC.identityD.purpose

58.A.holdbackB.relatetoC.insistonD.makeup

59.A.limitationsB.requirementsC.theoriesD.findings

60.A.tentativeB.impressiveC.creativeD.effective

第二節(jié)（共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿(mǎn)分15分）

閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

May21stthisyearmarksthefirstInternationalTeaDay,whichwasnamedofficially

61theUnitedNationsonNovember27th,2019.Tocelebrate62festival,anumber

ofeventstookplaceattheChineseBusinessmanMuseuminBeijingonThursday.

ThechairmanoftheChinaCulturePromotionSociety63(address)theopening

ceremony.t4AsamainpromoteroftheInternati