遼寧省鐵嶺市某校2023-2024學年高二上學期第二次階段考試英語試題（ 含答案解析 ）

2023—2024學年度(上)高二考試英語第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.WhydoesBriangotothehospital?A.Toseeapatient.B.Toseeadoctor.C.TobringabooktoMary.2.Whyisthemanupset?A.Hemadeawrongcall.B.Hisphonedoesnotwork.C.Themachineisnotuseful.3.WhatistheTVprogrammainlyabout?A.Family.B.Peopleover40.C.Cancerresearch.4.Whydidthemanarrivelate?A.Hiscarbrokedown.B.Hehadalongmeeting.C.Hemetsomeoneelseontheway.5.WhydoesKendraneedhelp?A.Sheisanewstudent.B.Shemissedsomeclasses.C.Shealwaysfailsinscience.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A，B，C三個選項中選擇最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀每個小題，每小題5秒鐘，聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段對話，回答第6和第7兩個小題。6.Whydidthewomangiveupherdreamtobeagymteacher?A.Shedidn’thavetheequipment.BShecouldn’taffordtheexpense.C.Shefoundthetrainingwashard.7.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofherjob?A.It’sdisappointing.B.It’sboring.C.It’ssatisfying.聽下面一段對話，回答第8和第9兩個小題。8.Wheredidthetomatosaucecomefrom?A.Alocalfarm.B.Astoreonlyfivemilesaway.C.Theman’sowntomatoes9.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofcooking?A.Sheenjoysit.B.Itmakesherfeelcreative.C.Shedoesn’thavethepatienceforit.聽下面一段對話，回答第10至13四個小題。10.Whendidtheman’sbosscallJeff?A.Inthemorning.B.Intheafternoon.C.Intheevening.11.HowdidJeffexplaineverything?A.Overthephone.B.Bye-mail.C.Inperson.12.Whydidn’tJeffcometotheofficeonTuesday?A.Hewassick.B.Hewasofftheday.C.Hewasworkingsomewhereelse.13.Howdoesthewomansoundintheend?A.Excited.B.Angry.C.Surprised.聽下面一段對話，回答第14至17四個小題。14.WhatmadeJanestartboxing?A.Afilm.B.Afriend.C.Agame.15.WhatdidJane’sfamilythinkofherwhenshetookupboxing?A.Brave.B.Smart.C.Crazy.16.WhatdoesJaneusuallydobeforeaboxingmatch?A.Stayrelaxed.B.Gocamping.C.Gettraining.17.WhatisthebestthingJanegainsfromdoingboxing?A.Friendship.B.Fitness.C.Respect.聽下面一段獨白，回答第18至第20三個小題。18.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutCastleHoward?A.Ittookitsnamefromafilm.B.Ithasbeenhometoafamily.C.Itwasonceusedfordefence.19.WhatisspecialabouttheWalledGardens?A.It’sopeneverydayoftheyear.B.It’sthelargestgardeninEngland.C.It’splantedwithmanykindsofroses.20.Whoisprobablythespeaker?A.Atourguide.B.Agardener.C.Anewsreporter.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ADarkSkyParksAroundtheWorldWarrumbungleNationalParkSituatedinthecentralwestslopesofNewSouthWalesisAustralia’sonlydarkskypark,Warrumbungle.TheparkhasservedasadarkskyparksinceJuly2016.Itscrystal-clearnightskiesandhighaltitude(海拔)makeitanatural,educationalandastronomicalheritagesiteinthesouthernhalfoftheearth.TouristscanuseAustralia’slargestopticaltelescopewithintheparkboundariestoviewtheauroras(極光),theMilkyWayandfaintshootingstars.SarkSarkisaChannelIslandnearthecoastofNormandyundertheprotectionoftheUK.ItwastheWorld’sFirstDarkSkyIslandsetupinJanuary2011.Itshistoricalandculturalblend(交融)attractsover40,000touristsannually.Withnomotorvehiclesandpubliclightingontheisland,thereisanexceptionalviewofthedarkskies.ArichMilkyWayisvisibleinthedarknightskiesfromtheshoresoftheisland.PicduMidideBigorrePicduMidideBigorreinFrancewasdesignatedasadarkskyparkinDecember2013makingitthesecondlargestdarkskyparkintheworld.Theparkcovers3,112squarekilometresspreadacrossthePyreneesNationalParkandUNESCO’sWorldHeritagesite,Pyrenees-MontPerdu.Theparkattractsoveronehundredstarwatcherseveryyear.TheObservatoryMidi-Pyrenees,whichwasbuiltin1870,isoneoftheworld’shighestmuseumsataheightof2,877metresabovesealevel.RamonCrater/MakhteshRamonRamonCraterisaunique1,100-square-kilometrenaturereservelocatedintheNegevDesertinIsrael.In2017,RamonCraterbecamethefirstdesignateddarkskyparkintheMiddleEast.Itslocation,roughclimateandforbiddinglandscapethatarecharacteristicoftheNegevhavelargelydefeatedhistoricalattemptsforhumansettlement,makingitagreatplacetoviewthenightskies.Stargazersusuallycampinthedeserttohaveanuninterruptedviewofthestars,planetsandtheMilkyWay.1.Whichwasthefirsttobedesignatedasadarkskypark?A.Sark. B.PicduMidideBigorre.C.WarrumbungleNationalPark. D.RamonCrater/MakhteshRamon.2.WhatcanweNOTviewatWarrumbungleNationalPark?A.Theauroras. B.Theplanets.C.TheMilkyWay. D.Shootingstars.3.WhatdoweknowaboutRamonCraterfromthepassage?A.It’sanaturalheritagesite. B.Itcovers3,112squarekilometres.C.Itsgeographicalconditionsaretough. D.It’sagreatplaceforhumanstosettlein.【答案】1.A2.B3.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇應用文。主要介紹的是世界各地的幾個夜空公園?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Sark部分中的“SarkisaChannelIslandnearthecoastofNormandyundertheprotectionoftheUK.ItwastheWorld’sFirstDarkSkyIslandsetupinJanuary2011.(薩克島是位于諾曼底海岸附近的海峽島嶼，受英國保護。這是2011年1月建立的世界上第一個夜空島。)”可知，Sark是2011年1月建立的世界上第一個夜空島，由此可知，第一個被指定為夜空公園的是Sark。故選A項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WarrumbungleNationalPark部分中的“TouristscanuseAustralia’slargestopticaltelescopewithintheparkboundariestoviewtheauroras(極光),theMilkyWayandfaintshootingstars.(游客可以在公園內(nèi)使用澳大利亞最大的光學望遠鏡觀看極光、銀河和微弱的流星。)”可知，在Warrumbungle國家公園，游客可以使用澳大利亞最大的光學望遠鏡觀看極光、銀河以及微弱的流星，由此可知，在Warrumbungle國家公園看不到行星。故選B項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)RamonCrater/MakhteshRamon部分中的“RamonCraterisaunique1,100-square-kilometrenaturereservelocatedintheNegevDesertinIsrael.(RamonCrater是一個獨特的1100平方公里的自然保護區(qū)，位于以色列內(nèi)蓋夫沙漠。)”以及“Itslocation,roughclimateandforbiddinglandscapethatarecharacteristicoftheNegevhavelargelydefeatedhistoricalattemptsforhumansettlement,makingitagreatplacetoviewthenightskies.(它的地理位置，惡劣的氣候和令人生畏的景觀是內(nèi)蓋夫的特征，在很大程度上挫敗了人類定居的歷史嘗試，使其成為觀賞夜空的好地方。)”可知，RamonCrater處于內(nèi)蓋夫沙漠，而其地理位置，惡劣的氣候以及令人生畏的景觀是內(nèi)蓋夫沙漠的特點，也挫敗了人類定居此處的嘗試，由此可知，RamonCrater的地理條件很艱苦。故選C項。BOnMarch15,2022,FrancisKéréwasawardedthePritzkerPrize,otherwiseknownastheNobelPrizeforarchitecture,becomingthefirstAfricanarchitectevertoobtainthisprize.Hispathtosuccesswasnotsmooth.Whenhewas7yearsold,FrancisKérélefthisfamilyhometoattendschoolbecausehisvillage,GandoinBurkinaFaso,didnothaveoneofitsown.Thirteenyearslater,hemovedtoGermanyonacarpentryscholarship,withadreamofreturninghomeonedaytobuildtheclassroomsthatdidn’texistthen.Kéréachievedjustthat,becominganarchitectandcompletinghisfirstbuilding,GandoPrimarySchool,in2001.Castingmudlikeconcreteandusinglocalmaterialsoverimportedones,Kéréproposedaparticularvisionofstructurethatbothstrengthenscommunitiesandrespondstotheclimatecrisis.Assuch,Tuesday’sPritzkerPrizeannouncementisnotonlyanodofapprovalforhim,butfor“vernacular”architecture—atermusedtodescribedesignsthatdirectlyrespondtolocalclimates,materialsandbuildingtraditions—itself.Healsoletthewholevillageparticipateinthedesign,encouragingthemtoconstructtheschool,usinglocalwoodtopressthestonefloorsandlocalclaytomakebricks.Theresultwasawelcomingstructurewitha“floating”roofthatallowsnaturalwindsinahotclimate,andwallopeningsthatbringlightforstudentstolearnevenwithoutelectricity.Mr.Kéréshowedthevillagersthatideastodealwithclimateorotherchallengesarealwaysathand.Though,Kéréhassincedesignedbiggerprojects,includingmanynational-scaleprojectsdifferinginsize,hisapproachremainsgroundedinGando.“That’showI’mtryingtotranslatetheworkIhavestartedinGandotostructuresthatpresentnationalpride,”saysthenewly-awardedarchitect.KéréwillofficiallybenamedPritzkerwinnerataceremonyinLondonlaterthisyear.Aswithpreviouswinner,hewillbeawardeda$100,000grantandabronzemedal.4.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph2?A.SpeakhighlyofKéré’sefforts.B.IntroduceKéré’schildhooddream.C.Bringanewtopicfordiscussion.D.Addsomebackgroundinformation.5.What’sKéré’sarchitecturalconcept?A.Economizinglabourforce.B.Havingafancyappearance.C.Highlightingsustainability.D.Usingimportedbuildingmaterials.6.WhichcanbestdescribeFrancisKéré?A.Creativeandcaring.BOptimisticandhumorous.C.Humbleandambitious.D.Stubbornandadventurous.7.Whatkindofwritingisthetext?A.Anawardspeech. B.Anewsreport. C.Anovel. D.Areview.【答案】4.D5.C6.A7.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要介紹了弗朗西斯·凱雷獲得了普利茲克獎的相關事宜?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段三個時間“Whenhewas7yearsold”“Thirteenyearslater”“in2001”可知，第二段主要介紹了弗朗西斯·凱雷的一些成長經(jīng)歷，供讀者了解，這屬于背景信息。故選D項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Castingmudlikeconcreteandusinglocalmaterialsoverimportedones,Kéréproposedaparticularvisionofstructurethatbothstrengthenscommunitiesandrespondstotheclimatecrisis.(凱雷像澆鑄混凝土一樣澆鑄泥土，用當?shù)夭牧洗孢M口材料，提出了一個既能加強社區(qū)又能應對氣候危機的獨特建筑構想)”及“witha“floating”roofthatallowsnaturalwindsinahotclimate,andwallopeningsthatbringlightforstudentstolearnevenwithoutelectricity.(有一個“浮動的”屋頂，炎熱氣候下的自然風可以吹進來，以及墻壁開口能為學生帶來光，即使沒有電也能學習)”可知，凱雷的建筑理念是注重可持續(xù)性。故選C項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Kéréproposedaparticularvisionofstructure(凱雷提出了一個獨特的建筑構想)”及“witha“floating”roofthatallowsnaturalwindsinahotclimate,andwallopeningsthatbringlightforstudentstolearnevenwithoutelectricity.(有一個“浮動的”屋頂，炎熱氣候下的自然風可以吹進來，以及墻壁開口能為學生帶來光，即使沒有電也能學習)”可知，凱雷的設計很有創(chuàng)造力，他還考慮到了當?shù)氐臍夂蚝徒ㄖ鹘y(tǒng)，使用了當?shù)氐牟牧?，所以凱雷很有創(chuàng)造力，也關懷當?shù)厝?。故選A項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。文章開頭就說明2022年3月15日，弗朗西斯·凱雷被授予了普利茲克獎，成為第一位獲得該獎的非洲建筑師。接著介紹了關于凱雷的一些背景信息，介紹了他的建筑理念，最后說明今年晚些時候，凱雷將在倫敦舉行的儀式上被正式命名為普利茲克獎獲得者，并獲得10萬美元的獎金和一枚獎牌。綜合全文可以看出，本文是一篇新聞報道，報道了凱雷獲得了普利茲克獎的相關事宜。故選B項。COffthecoastofFormentera,anisland,livesseagrassthatstretches15kilometres.Theseagrass,coveringseveralhectares,ismadeupofasingleorganism.Thegrassisalsolong-lived,fortensorhundredsofthousandsofyears.Alongwithtwootherkindsofcoastalecosystems—mangroveswamps(紅樹沼澤)andtidalmarshes,seagrassmeadowsareparticularlygoodattakingcarbondioxidefromtheair.Thisrolewashighlightedinareport,whichwaspublishedonMarch2ndbyUNESCO,onbluecarbon—thecarbontakeninbyEarth’soceanicandcoastalecosystems.Intotalaround33billiontonsofcarbondioxide,aboutthreequartersoftheworld’semissionsin2019,arelockedawayintheplanet’sbluecarbonsinks.ResearchbyCarlosDuarte,thereport’sauthorandamarine(海洋的)ecologist,hasshownthatonehectareofseagrasscantakeinasmuchcarbondioxideeachyearas15hectaresofrainforest.Onereasonthatblue-carbonecosystemsmakesucheffectivesinksisthatunderwaterforestsarethickerthantheland-basedwoods.Theycanalsotrap(收集)floatingpiecesandorganicmatter,whichsettlesontheseafloorandcandoubletheamountofcarbonstoredaway.Theyhaveanotheradvantage,too.Climatechangeisleadingtomorewildfiresaroundtheworld.Asforestsburn,theircarbonstocksarereleasedbackintotheatmosphere.Unlikeforestsonland,blue-carbonecosystemsdonotburn.Blue-carbonecosystemsmaynotbefired,buttheyremainaffectedtoothersortsofdisasters.InMay2020hurricaneAmphandestroyed1,200squarekilometresofmangroveforest.AmarineheatwaveinAustralianwatersin2010and2011damagedaroundonethirdoftheworld’slargestseagrassmeadowinSharkBay.“Mangroveforestscanweakenorcontrolwavesandprovidenaturalbarrierstostormsurges.Protectingandexpandingthem,then,appearstobeamust,”saidamarinebiologist.8.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Thedetailedexplanationofbluecarbon.B.Thespecialfeaturesoftheseagrass.C.Thedoubtabouttheblue-carbonecosystems.D.Thecapacityoftheblue-carbonecosystemstostorecarbon.9.Whycantheblue-carbonecosystemsmakesucheffectivesinks?A.Therearemoreunderwateranimals.B.Theircarbonstocksarereleasedback.CTheyhavegreatabilitytoabsorbcarbon.D.Theyaren’tinfluencedbynaturaldisasters10.Whatdothemarinebiologist’swordsmean?A.Humansshouldpreserveblue-carbonecosystens.B.Mangroveforestscanstrengthenwaves.C.Mangroveforestsaretoostrongtobebroken.D.Blue-carbonecosystemscanbefired.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Blue-CarbonEcosystemAreExpandingMuchFasterB.TheGrassesCanStoreMoreCarbonThanYourExpectationCMangroveForestsCanControlWavesEfficientlyD.PlantsintheOceanAreBetteratStoringCarbon【答案】8.D9.C10.A11.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了藍碳生態(tài)系統(tǒng)具有強大的吸收和存儲碳的能力，并且相比于陸地上的森林，它們不會因為起火而釋放自身存儲的碳，不過它們會受到其他災害的影響，因此要加以保護它們?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段中“Intotalaround33billiontonsofcarbondioxide,aboutthreequartersoftheworld’semissionsin2019,arelockedawayintheplanet’sbluecarbonsinks.ResearchbyCarlosDuarte,thereport’sauthorandamarine(海洋的)ecologist,hasshownthatonehectareofseagrasscantakeinasmuchcarbondioxideeachyearas15hectaresofrainforest.(總共約330億噸二氧化碳，約占2019年全球排放量的四分之三，被鎖在地球的藍色碳匯中。該報告的作者、海洋生態(tài)學家CarlosDuarte的研究表明，一公頃海草每年吸收的二氧化碳相當于15公頃雨林)”可知，本段主要講述海洋生物吸收二氧化碳的量占比很大，能力比陸地上的雨林更強，即藍碳生態(tài)系統(tǒng)儲存碳的能力。故選D項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Onereasonthatblue-carbonecosystemsmakesucheffectivesinksisthatunderwaterforestsarethickerthantheland-basedwoods.Theycanalsotrap(收集)floatingpiecesandorganicmatter,whichsettlesontheseafloorandcandoubletheamountofcarbonstoredaway.(藍碳生態(tài)系統(tǒng)能如此有效地吸收碳的一個原因是水下森林比陸地森林更茂密。它們還可以捕獲漂浮的碎片和有機物質(zhì)，這些物質(zhì)沉積在海底，可以使儲存的碳量增加一倍)”可知，藍碳生態(tài)系統(tǒng)可以進行如此有效的碳匯是因為它們吸收碳的能力很強。故選C項?！?0題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Mangroveforestscanweakenorcontrolwavesandprovidenaturalbarrierstostormsurges.Protectingandexpandingthem,then,appearstobeamust(紅樹林可以減弱或控制海浪，并為風暴潮提供天然屏障。因此，保護和擴大它們似乎是必須的)”可知，該海洋生物學家認為紅樹林這樣的藍碳生態(tài)系統(tǒng)可以防范自然災害，必須加以保護。故選A項。【11題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章主要圍繞藍碳生態(tài)系統(tǒng)強大的吸收和存儲碳的能力展開，并補充說明其相比于陸地上的森林的優(yōu)勢，以及影響它們的因素。再結合第一段中“Alongwithtwootherkindsofcoastalecosystems—mangroveswamps(紅樹沼澤)andtidalmarshes,seagrassmeadowsareparticularlygoodattakingcarbondioxidefromtheair.(與另外兩種沿海生態(tài)系統(tǒng)——紅樹林沼澤和潮汐沼澤一樣，海草草甸特別擅長從空氣中吸收二氧化碳)”可知，D項“海洋中的植物更善于儲存碳”適合作為標題。故選D項。DRunningisoftentiringandalotofhardwork,butnothingbeatsthefeelingyougetafterfinishingalongworkoutaroundthetrack.Butwhileit’slongbeenbelievedthatendorphins(內(nèi)啡肽)—chemicalsinthebodythatcausehappiness—arebehindtheso-called“runner’shigh”,astudysuggestedthattheremaybemoretothisphenomenonthanwepreviouslyknew.AccordingtoarecentstudypublishedbyagroupofscientistsfromseveralGermanuniversities,agroupofchemicalscalledendocannabinoids(內(nèi)源性大麻素)mayactuallyberesponsibleforthisfamiliargreatfeeling.Totestthistheory,thescientiststurnedtomice.Bothmiceandhumansreleasehighlevelsofendorphinsandendocannabinoidsafterexercise.Afterexercisingonrunningwheels,themiceseemedhappyandrelaxedanddisplayednosignsofanxiety.Butafterbeinggivenadrugtoblocktheirendorphins,themice’sbehaviordidn’tseemtochange.However,whentheirendocannabinoidswereblockedwithadifferentdrug,theirrunners’highsymptomsseemedtofade.“Thelong-heldnotionofendorphinsbeingresponsiblefortherunner’shighisfalse.Endorphinsareeffectivepainrelievers,butonlywhenitcomestothepaininyourbodyandmusclesyoufeelafterworkingout,”PatrickLucasAustinwroteonscienceblogLifchacker.Similarstudiesareyettobecarriedoutonhumans,butit’salreadyknownthatexerciseisahighlyeffectivewaytogetridofstressoranxiety.TheUK’sNationalHealthServiceevenprescribes(開藥方)exercisetopatientswhoaresufferingfromdepression.“Beingdepressedcanleaveyoufeelinglowinenergy,whichmightputyouoffbeingmoreactive.Regularexercisecanimproveyourmoodifyouhavedepression,anditsespeciallyusefulforpeoplewithmildtomoderate(中等的)depression,”itwroteonitswebsite.Itseemslikenothingcanbeatthatfeelingwegetafteragoodworkout,evenifwedon’tfullyunderstandwhereitcomesfrom.Atleastifwe’refeelingdown,weknowthatallwehavetodoistoputonourrunningshoes.12.WhatdidscientistsfromGermanuniversitiesrecentlydiscover?A.Workingoutisahighlyeffectivewaytotreatdepression.B.Therunner’shighcouldbecausedbyendocannabinoids.C.Endorphinsmaycontributetoone’shighspiritsafterrunning.D.Thelevelofendorphinsandendocannabinoidscouldaffectone’smood.13Whydidthescientistsgivemicedrugsintheirexperiment?A.Tofindwhatreducestherunner’shighsymptoms.B.Toseethespecificsymptomsoftherunner’shigh.C.Toidentifywhatisresponsiblefortherunner’shigh.D.Totestwhatinfluencesthelevelofendocannabinoidsreleased.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“notion”mean?A.Effect. B.Goal. C.Opinion. D.Question15.WhatcanweknowaboutregularworkoutsaccordingtotheUK’sNationalHealthService?A.Theycanhelpeasedepressionsymptoms.B.Theyarethebestwaytotreatdepression.C.Theyonlyworkforthosewithseriousdepression.D.Theycanhelppeoplecompletelyrecoverfromdepression.【答案】12.B13.C14.C15.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了研究表明跑步后人們會感覺很好，其真正的原因可能是內(nèi)源性大麻素。【12題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Runningisoftentiringandalotofhardwork,butnothingbeatsthefeelingyougetafterfinishingalongworkoutaroundthetrack.(跑步通常很累，也需要很多艱苦的工作，但沒有什么能比得上你在賽道上完成長時間鍛煉后的感覺)”以及第三段“AccordingtoarecentstudypublishedbyagroupofscientistsfromseveralGermanuniversities,agroupofchemicalscalledendocannabinoidsmayactuallyberesponsibleforthisfamiliargreatfeeling.(根據(jù)德國幾所大學的一組科學家最近發(fā)表的一項研究，一組稱為內(nèi)源性大麻素的化學物質(zhì)實際上可能是這種熟悉的極好感覺的原因)”可知，跑步者的興奮可能是由內(nèi)源性大麻素引起的。故選B項。【13題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“AccordingtoarecentstudypublishedbyagroupofscientistsfromseveralGermanuniversities,agroupofchemicalscalledendocannabinoidsmayactuallyberesponsibleforthisfamiliargreatfeeling.(根據(jù)德國幾所大學的一組科學家最近發(fā)表的一項研究，一組稱為內(nèi)源性大麻素的化學物質(zhì)實際上可能是這種熟悉的極好感覺的原因)”以及第四段“Bothmiceandhumansreleasehighlevelsofendorphinsandendocannabinoidsafterexercise.Afterexercisingonrunningwheels,themiceseemedhappyandrelaxedanddisplayednosignsofanxiety.Butafterbeinggivenadrugtoblocktheirendorphins,themice’sbehaviordidn’tseemtochange.However,whentheirendocannabinoidswereblockedwithadifferentdrug,theirrunners’highsymptomsseemedtofade.(老鼠和人類在運動后都會釋放出高水平的內(nèi)啡肽和內(nèi)源性大麻素。在轉輪上鍛煉后，老鼠看起來很開心，很放松，沒有表現(xiàn)出焦慮的跡象。但在服用了阻斷內(nèi)啡肽的藥物后，老鼠的行為似乎沒有改變。然而，當它們的內(nèi)源性大麻素被另一種藥物阻斷時，它們跑步者的高癥狀似乎會消退)”可知，科學家們在實驗中給老鼠服用藥物，是為了找出使跑步者興奮的原因。故選C項。【14題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第五段“Thelong-heldnotionofendorphinsbeingresponsiblefortherunner’shighisfalse.Endorphinsareeffectivepainrelievers,butonlywhenitcomestothepaininyourbodyandmusclesyoufeelafterworkingout,(人們長期以來認為內(nèi)啡肽是導致跑步者興奮的原因，這種notion是錯誤的。內(nèi)啡肽可以有效緩解疼痛，但只有在鍛煉后你的身體和肌肉感到疼痛時才有效)”可知，內(nèi)啡肽在人們鍛煉后身體和肌肉感到疼痛時才會起作用，說明內(nèi)啡肽不會導致跑步者興奮，因此內(nèi)啡肽會導致跑步者興奮的觀點是錯誤的，推測劃線單詞notion表示“觀點”，與opinion同義。故選C項。【15題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段“Regularexercisecanimproveyourmoodifyouhavedepression,anditsespeciallyusefulforpeoplewithmildtomoderate(中等的)depression,(如果你患有抑郁癥，定期鍛煉可以改善你的情緒，對輕度至中度抑郁癥患者尤其有用)”可知，定期鍛煉可以幫助緩解抑郁癥狀。故選A項。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Wheneverythinggoeswrong,alwayslookatwhatyouhave,insteadofwhatyouhavelost.Becauseit’snotwhattheworldtakesawayfromyouthatmatters;it’swhatyoudowithwhatyouhaveleft.____16____Painispartofgrowing.Sometimeslifeclosesdoorsbecauseit’stimetomoveforward.____17____Whentimesaretough,remindyourselfthatnopaincomeswithoutapurpose.Rememberthattherearetwokindsofpain:painthathurtsandpainthatchangesyou.Whenyourollwithlife,insteadofresistingit,bothkindshelpyougrow.____18____Everytimeyougethurt,youheal(痊愈).Afterdarknessthereisalwayslight—youareremindedofthiseverymorning,butstillyouoftenforget,andinsteadchoosetobelievethatthenightwilllastforever.Itwon’t.Nothinglastsforever.Complainingchangesnothing.____19____It’salwaysbettertoattempttodosomethinggreatandfailthantoattempttodonothingandsucceed.It’snotoverifyou’velost;it’soverwhenyoudonothingbutjustcomplainaboutit.Ifyoubelieveinsomething,keeptrying.Don’tlettheshadowsofthepastdarkenthedoorstepofyourfuture.Thebestthingyoucandoistokeepgoing.Don’tbeafraidtogetbackup—totryagain,toloveagain,toliveagainandtodreamagain.____20____Life’sbestlessonsareoftenlearnedattheworsttimesandfromtheworstmistakes.Therewillbetimeswhenitseemslikeeverythingthatcouldpossiblygowrongisgoingwrong.Andevenifyoufallshort,keepgoing.A.Self-examinationisnecessary.B.Everythinginlifeistemporary.C.Don’tletahardlessonhardenyourheart.D.Thosewhocomplainthemostaccomplishtheleast.E.Hereareafewtipstoinspireyouwhenyouneeditmost.F.Whenyoufeellikequitting,alwaysrememberyouarethebest.G.That’sagoodthingbecauseweoftenwon’tmoveunlesslifeforcesusto.【答案】16.E17.G18.B19.D20.C【解析】【導語】本文是說明文。當一切都錯了的時候，總是看看你擁有什么，而不是你失去了什么。文章介紹了一些能夠激勵我們勇敢面對挫折和失敗的建議?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)下文小段主旨“Painispartofgrowing(痛苦是成長的一部分)”和“Complainingchangesnothing(抱怨改變不了什么)”以及“Thebestthingyoucandoistokeepgoing（你能做的最好的事情就是堅持下去）”可知，文章接下來會給讀者一些建議。由此可知，E項：Hereareafewtipstoinspireyouwhenyouneeditmost.(當你最需要的時候，這里有一些建議可以激勵你)符合文意。故選E?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Sometimeslifeclosesdoorsbecauseit’stimetomoveforward.(有時候，生活關閉了一扇門，因為是時候前進了)”可知，痛苦可能是讓我們前進的好事。由此可知，G項：That’sagoodthingbecauseweoftenwon’tmoveunlesslifeforcesusto.(這是一件好事，因為我們通常不會前進，除非生活迫使我們)符合文意。故選G?！?8題詳解】設空處概括本段內(nèi)容，為本段小標題。根據(jù)下文“Afterdarknessthereisalwayslight–youareremindedofthiseverymorning,butstillyouoftenforget,andinsteadchoosetobelievethatthenightwilllastforever.Itwon’t.Nothinglastsforever.(黑暗之后總會有光明——你每天早上都會想起這一點，但你仍然經(jīng)常忘記，反而選擇相信黑夜將永遠持續(xù)下去。它不會。沒有什么是永恒不變的)”可知，生活中沒有什么是永恒不變的。由此可知，B項：Everythinginlifeistemporary(生活中的一切都是暫時的)適合做本段主旨。故選B?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)本段主旨“Complainingchangesnothing(抱怨改變不了什么)”及下文It’snotoverifyou’velost;it’soverwhenyoudonothingbutcomplainaboutit.(使你輸了，也沒有結束；當你除了抱怨什么都不做的時候，它就結束了)可知，抱怨改變不了什么，只知道抱怨，不去嘗試的話，那什么也收獲不了。由此可知，D項：Thosewhocomplainthemost,accomplishtheleast.(抱怨最多的人成就最少)符合文意。故選D。【20題詳解】根據(jù)上句“Don’tbeafraidtogetbackup—totryagain,toloveagain,toliveagainandtodreamagain.(不要害怕重新站起來——再試一次，再愛一次，再活一次，再夢想一次)”以及后句“Life’sbestlessonsareoftenlearnedattheworsttimesandfromtheworstmistakes.(生活中最好的教訓往往是在最糟糕的時候和最嚴重的錯誤中吸取的)”可知，不要害怕爬起來，人在最糟糕的時候往往能得到人生中最好的教訓，設空處應承上啟下，C項：Don’tletahardlessonhardenyourheart.(不要讓慘痛的教訓使你的心變硬)符合語境。故選C。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Frommysecondgradeon,therewasoneeventIfearedeveryyear:thepianorecital(獨奏會).Arecital____21____Ihadtopracticeaboringpieceofmusicandperformbeforestrangers.EachyearIwouldaskmyfatherifIcouldskiptherecital“justthisonce”.Andeachyearhe’dshakehishead,sayingsomethingaboutbuildingself-confidenceandworkingtowarda(n)____22____Soitwaswithreallygreat____23____thatIstoodinchurchonerecentSunday,videocamerainhand,andwatchingmy68-year-oldfathersweatinginhisshirtbefore____24____toplaythepianoinhisveryfirstrecitalMyfatherhashada(n)____25____toplaymusicsincechildhood,buthisfamilywaspoorandcouldn’taffordlessons.Hecouldhavegoneonregrettingit,astoomanyofusdo.Butthoughhewasrootedinhispast,hewasn’t____26____there.Whenheretiredthreeyearsago,he____27____hischurchmusicdirectortotakehimasastudent.Foramomentaftermyfathersatdownatthekeyboard,hesimplystareddownathisfingers.Hasheforgottenthe____28____?Iworried,rememberingthosesplitseconds____29____agowhenmymindwouldgoblank(空白的)andmyfingerswould_____30_____.Butthencamethebeautifulmelody(旋律),fromthe_____31_____fingersthatoncebaited(裝餌于)myfishinglines.AndI_____32_____hehadbeendoingwhatmusicteachersalwaysstress:_____33_____themusicandpretendtheothersaren’tthere.“I’m_____34_____ofhimforstartingsomethingnewathisage,”IsaidtomysonJeff.“Yeah,anddoingitso_____35_____,”Jeffadded.Withhisfirstrecital,myfathertaughtmemoreaboutcourageanddeterminationthanallthewordsheusedthose30-plusyearsago.21.A.reflected B.explained C.proved D.meant22.A.stage B.goal C.journey D.opportunity23.A.trouble B.strength C.satisfaction D.disappointment24.A.rising B.changing C.falling D.climbing25.A.attempt B.challenge C.desire D.promise26.A.educated B.stuck C.protected D.entertained27.A.persuaded B.invited C.inspired D.allowed28.A.words B.videos C.notes D.lessons29.A.moments B.hours C.weeks D.years30.A.play B.freeze C.click D.adjust31.A.different B.same C.warm D.dirty32.A.predicted B.imagined C.realised D.insisted33.A.passover B.turnup C.bringin D.concentrateon34.A.proud B.aware C.doubtful D.ashamed35.A.gently B.anxiously C.beautifully D.frequently【答案】21.D22.B23.C24.A25.C26.B27.A28.C29.D30.B31.B32.C33.D34.A35.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。講述了作者的父親在退休后開始學習彈鋼琴，并在68歲時在他的第一場獨奏會上演奏鋼琴的故事?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：獨奏會意味著我必須練習一首無聊的音樂，在陌生人面前表演。句意：A.reflected反射；B.explained解釋；C.proved證明；D.meant意義。根據(jù)后文“Ihadtopracticeaboringpieceofmusicandperformbeforestrangers(我不得不練習一段無聊的音樂，在陌生人面前表演)”可知，此處指獨奏會意味著我必須練習一首無聊的音樂，在陌生人面前表演。故選D?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：每年他都會搖頭，嘀咕一些關于建立自信和朝著目標努力的事情。A.stage階段；B.goal目標；C.journey旅行，旅程；D.opportunity機會。根據(jù)上文“buildingself-confidenceandworkingtoward(建立自信并朝著這個方向努力)”可知，這里指建立自信，朝著一個目標努力。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：最近的一個星期天，我手里拿著攝像機，站在教堂里，看著68歲的父親汗流浹背，然后站起來在他的第一場獨奏會上彈鋼琴，我感到非常滿意。A.trouble麻煩；B.strength體力，力量；C.satisfaction滿意；D.disappointment失望。根據(jù)“watchingmy68-year-oldfathersweatinginhisshirtbefore____4____toplaythepianoinhisveryfirstrecital(看著68歲的父親汗流浹背，然后站起來在他的第一場獨奏會上彈鋼琴)”可知，這里指看著父親在他的第一場獨奏會上彈鋼琴，作者感到非常滿意。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意見上題解析。A.rising起身，站起；B.changing改變；C.falling下降；D.climbing爬。根據(jù)“toplaythepiano(去彈鋼琴)”可知，作者的父親站起來