《美國大學(xué)英語寫作》課后習(xí)題答案前四章答案

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1

ANSWERKEYFORACTIVITIESANDTESTS

Note: Activitiesforwhichanswerswillvaryareomitted.Alsoomittedareactivitiesfor whichanswersaregiveninthetext.

PartOne:EssayWriting

Chapter1:AnIntroductiontoWriting

Activity1onPointandSupportinaParagraph(page5)

Point: Therearedrawbackstomoviegoing.

Support: 1. Inconvenience

b. Longtimetofindparkingspotandlongwalktotheater

d. Stickyfloor

3. Othermoviegoers

a. Runningkids

b. Laughing,shoutingteenagers

Activity2onIntroductoryParagraph(page8)

1. c

2. b

3. a

4. a. Inconvenienceofgoingout

b. Temptationsofthetheater

c. Behaviorofsomepatrons

Activity3onBody:SupportingParagraphs(8-9)

1. Tobeginwith,Ijustdon’tenjoythegeneralhassleoftheevening.

2. b. Parkinglotisalwaysjammed

d. Ticketsmaysellout,andtheateriscrowded

e. Ticketscostupto$11each

3. Second,thetheaterofferstemptingsnacksthatIreallydon’tneed.

4. b. 2)chocolatebars

3)MilkDuds

5. Manyoftheotherpatronsareevenmoreofaproblemthantheconcessionstand.

6. a. Littlekidsraceupanddowntheaisles

b. Teenagerstalkbacktothescreen,whistle,makefunnynoises

Activity4onConcludingParagraph(9-10)

1. a

2. c

Chapter2:TheWritingProcess

Activity6onWritingaFirstDraft(29-30)

1. thesis 5. specific

2. first (answersmayvary) 6. bms

3. equiped 7. conclusion

4. secondandthird

Activity7onRevisingwithaSecondDraft(33)

1. Second

2. however

3. unity...MyfriendsareasbadasIam.

4. support...snackslikeceleryandcarrot

sticks...noicecreaminthefreezer...

drippingwithbutter...riskpullingout

myfillingsasIchew

watchingwhatIkeepinthehouse

comfortableseats

As

jumpintomyhands

9. disgusted

Activity8onEditing(34)

1. spelling 3. capitalletters

2. commas 4. thesizeofsmallautomobiles

ReviewActivity10onPrewriting(36-38)

L,Q,SO,C,F

ReviewActivity11onOutlining(39-40)

1. Thesis:Myhighschoolhadthreeproblemareas.

a. Students

(1) Involvedwithdrugs

(2) Formedcliques

b. Teachers

(1) Muchtoostrict

(2) Unwillingtohelpafterclass

c. Buildings

(1) Leakyceilings

(2) Ill-equippedgym

2. Thesis:Workingasadishwasherinarestaurantwasmyworstjob.

a. Workingconditions

(1) Heatinkitchen

(2) Noisyworkarea

b. Hours

(1) Ten-hourshifts

(2) Hourschangedeveryweek

c. Pay

(1) Minimumwage

(2) Nobonusforovertime

3. Thesis:Runningisanidealwaytogetneededexercise.

a. Greatwaytokeepfit

(1) Burnscalories/weightloss

(2) Greatforheartandlungs/buildslegmuscles

b. Inexpensive

(1) Nospecialequipmentneeded/nogymfees

(2) Nospecialclothingneeded,exceptsneakers

c. Notboring

(1) Canrunwhilelisteningtomusiconheadphones

(2) Canrunwithfriends

4. Thesis:TheInternetisaninvaluabletoolforcollegestudents..

a. Keepupevenifabsent

(1) E-mailinstructor/classmates

(2) Accessonlinelearningcenters/extrahelp

(3)Testpreparation/practiceexercises

b. Research

(1) Findinformationfortermpapers

(2) Readmoreaboutimportanttopics

c. Takeonlinecourses

(1) Schedulemoreflexibleifthestudyingisonline

(2) Savemoney/timetravelingtoclass

ReviewActivity12onOutlining(41-43)

Thesis: Moreandmore,theinventionsofmoderntechnologyseemtobecuttingusofffromcontactwithourfellowhumanbeings.

Firsttopicsentence: Theworldofbusinessisoneareainwhichtechnologyisisolatingus.

Support:

2. Workers’salariesareautomaticallycreditedtotheirbank

accounts.

3. Personalbankingisbecomingadetachedprocess.

a. Customersinteractwithmachinestomakedepositsandwithdrawals.

Someloansareacceptedorrejectedbycomputers,notloanofficers.

Secondtopicsentence:Anotherareathattechnologyischangingisentertainment.

Support: 1. Musicisasolitaryexperience.

2. Fewerpeoplegoouttoseemovies.

Thirdtopicsentence: Educationisathirdimportantareainwhichtechnologyisseparatingusfromothers.

Support: 1. Studentssitaloneinfrontofcomputersatschool.

2. Studentsusesoftwareathomeinsteadof

interactingwithothers.

3. DVDsarereplacingclassinstruction.

ReviewActivity13onRevising(43-45)

Changesindraft2:Removessentencebeginning“Thisisanother…”

Changesindraft3: Addstransitionalphraseatbeginning:“Besidesmissing…”

Addsothertransitions:“Now,”“Another.”

Addsdetailsabout“pleasures”of“sleepinglate,”MondayNight

Football,TomHanksmovie.

Changesindraft4: Correctserrorsincapitalization,parallelism,spelling,punctuation,

andtitles.

2,1,4,3

Chapter3:TheFirstandSecondStepsinEssayWriting

Activity1onUnderstandingThesisStatements(47-48)

1. Havingtocareforachildrequireshardwork,commitment,andpatience.

2. Celebritiesareoftenpoorrolemodelsbecauseofthewaytheydress,talk,and

behave.

3. Myfirstnightasasecurityguardturnedouttobeoneofthemostfrighteningexperiencesofmylife.

4. SUVsareinferiortocarsbecausetheyarehardertocontrol,moreexpensive,anddangeroustotheenvironment.

5. ThetwentiethcenturyproducedthreeinventionsthatdramaticallychangedthelivesofallAmericans.

6. Stressinthefast-foodworkplacehasledtoseriousphysical,psychological,andemotionalproblemsforemployees.

7. Advertiserstargetyoungpeopleinordertomarketcigarettes,alcohol,andadultmovies.

8. ChristianBale’svariedfilmrolesdemonstratehisversatilityasanactor.

9. Americancarmakersneedtoproducevehiclesthatarefuelefficient,safe,andlessexpensive.

10. Beingsuccessfulatanyjobrequirespunctuality,dependability,andambition.

Activity2onWritingaGoodThesis(49)

List1 List3

3 Majorleaguebaseballplayers 1 Retailcompanies

1 Athletes 2 Supermarkets

5 Majorleaguepitchers’salaries 4 Dealingwithcustomers

toohigh

2 Professionalathletes 3 Workinginasupermarket

4 Majorleaguepitchers 5 I’velearnedhowtohandle

unpleasantsupermarketcustomers.

List2 List4

4 JohnPhilipSouza 3 Camping

3 Americancomposers 4 Firstcampingtrip

5 Music101taughtmetoapppreciate

Souza’sbandmusic 2 Summervacation

1 Music 5 Myfirstcampingtripwasa

2 Bandmusic disastrousexperience.

l Vacations

Activity3onCommonErrorsinWritingaThesis(55-56)

1. TB

2. TN

3. TB

4. TN

Activity4onSupporttheThesiswithSpecificEvidence(56-58)

Note:Answerswillvary;examplesareshown.

1. c. Learningnewrulesandprocedures

2. c. Senseofhumor

3. c. Gotlotsofexercise

4. c. Savemoney

5. c. Longhours

6. c. Worryaboutfinances

7. c. Allowedtimeforalotofstudentquestions

8. c. Comfortablechairsanddesks

9. c. Usedcarsarecheaper/easiertorepair/easiertoinsure.

10. c. Telemarketers/Rebates/Infomercials

Activity5onTheImportanceofSpecificDetails(60)

S 1. [Theparagraphlistsspecificfeaturesthatmakethetreehousea

“masterpiece,”includingthenumberoffloors,therealglasswindows,

andthecedarplankwalls.Specificitemslikethecast-ironstove,anold

rockingchair,andtelescopealsoaddtothedescription.]

X 2. [Whatkindofanimalsdidthewritersee?Whatwastheweatherlike?

Wasitrainingorcold?Whatprovisionsandequipmentdid

thewriterbringonthecampingtrip?]

S 3 [Theparagraphlistsspecificexamplesofitemsthatshouldnotbe

improved:cheesecakeandjeans.]

X 4. [Whatkindsofproblemsdoesthedoghave?Howdoesthedogmisbehave

whentheownersareaway?Howdidtheownerstrytotrainthedog?]

Activity6onTheImportanceofAdequateDetails(61-62)

Thefirstparagraphisadequatelydeveloped.

PracticeActivity8onIdentifyingthePartsofanEssay(63-64)

Group1 Group2 Group3 Group4 Group5

S T T T TH

T S S TH S

TH S S S T

S TH TH S S

PracticeActivity9onIdentifyingthePartsofanEssay(64-65)

Thesisstatement:4

Topicsentenceoffirstsupportingparagraph:5

Topicsentenceofsecondsupportingparagraph:15

Topicsentenceofthirdsupportingparagraph:22

Firstsentenceoftheconclusion:34

PracticeActivity10onEvaluating PracticeActivity11onEvaluating

ThesisStatements(66) ThesisStatements(66-67)

1. A a. 1. TN a.

OK b. OK b.

2. OK a. 2. TN a.

A b. OK b.

3. OK a. 3. OK a.

A b. TN b.

4. A a. 4. TN a.

OK b. OK b.

5. A a. 5. OK a.

OK b. TN b.

PracticeActivity12onEvaluating PracticeActivity13onEvaluating

ThesisStatements(67) ThesisStatements(67-68)

1. TB a. 1. OK a.

OK b. 2 b.

2. TB a. 2. 2 a.

OK b. OK b.

3. OK a. 3. OK a.

TB b. 2 b.

4. TB a. 4. 2 a.

OK b. OK b.

5. TB a. 5. 2 a.

OK b. OK b.

PracticeActivity14onCompletingThesisStatements(68-69)

Note:Answerswillvary;examplesareshown.

1. afirst-aidkit. 6. gooddigestion.

2. unfriendly. 7. divorce.

3. catchyopeningthemesongs. 8. chooseanexerciseactivity.

4. healthydrinkchoices. 9. smells

5. intelligent. 10. independent.

PracticeActivity15onWritingaThesisStatement(69-70)

Note:Wordingofthesismayvary.

1. Visitingananimalsheltercanoftenresultinapetadoption.

2. Thefilmwasnotworthseeing.

3. Ihavetriedseveralwaystogiveupsnacks.

4. ThomasJeffersoncontributedmuchtothefoundingofournation.

5. Englishisaversatilecollegemajor.

PracticeActivity16onLimitingaTopicandWritingaThesis(70-71)

Note:Answerswillvary;examplesareshown.

1. Sharinganapartmentwitharoommatecallsforgoodwill,asenseofgive-and-take,andplentyofintelligence.

2. Toimproveyourbehaviortowardothers,learntolisten,tosympathize,andtoshare.

5. Threepotentiallydeadlydrivinghabitsareinattention,a“toughguy”attitude,

andashorttemper.

6. Regularexerciseisagoodwaytoreducestress,worry,andyourwaistline.

10. Interestingly,sourcesofnoisepollutioncanbeloud,moderate,orevenveryfaint.

PracticeActivity17LimitingaTopicandWritingaThesis(71-72)

Note:Answerswillvary;examplesareshown.

1. Parenting

Difficultiesofparenting

2. CellPhones

Usingcellphonesintheclassroom

3. Homework

Thebenefitsofhomework

4. Happiness

Howtoachievehappiness

5. Weather

Specificweatherpatterns

6. Career

Acareerofinterest

7. ForeignLanguages

Whyeveryoneshouldlearnaforeignlanguage

8. Leadership

Effectiveleadership

9. Math

Studyingalgebra

10. Change

Positivelychangingtheworld

PracticeActivity18onProvidingSpecificEvidence(72-74)

Note:Answerswillvary;examplesareshown.

Climbedoverrough,sometimesdangerousterrain;blackbearandhercubpassed

withinfiftyyardsofus;viewfromthetopmeasuredaboutthirtymilesaround

ArtInstitutecontainswonderfulJapaneseprints;themunicipalparkoffersflower

showsinsummer;greatprofessionalbaseballstadium;artscenterhasBroadway

playsandfirst-rateconcerts

3. Tootired,toohungry,toodisorganized

4. Howtobecarefulandresponsible;howtorespectpeople’sfeelings/privacy;how

tocommunicatewithpeoplewhospeaklittleEnglish

5. Babysitting,gardening,bakingcookies

6. Newignition,newbrakes,newheater

7. Catgotsick;kidsgotsick;roofstartedtoleak

8. Luisisalwaysupbeat-hiscourageiscontagious;Andrealovespeople-completely unselfish;Jackieistheartistinthegroup-herpoetryshowshowdeep/sensitiveshe is

PracticeActivity19onIdentifyingAdequateSupportingEvidence(74-75)

AD 1.

U 2. [Whatarespecificexamplesofhowpeoplearethoughtlesstopets?What

aretheparticularneedsofpetsthatmaybeignored?Examplesmightincludebathinganimalsregularly,treatingthemforfleas,helpingthemstaycoolinsummer,exercisingthem,andprovidinganutritiousdiet.]

U 3. [Whatarespecificexamplesofshowsthatareoflittleinteresttopeople?

Exactlyhowwouldcommercialsbechanged?Howwouldnetworknewsbemademoreinteresting?Examplesmightincludethenamesofshows(situationcomedies,gameshows,andsoon)thataren’tpopular.Commercialsmightbechangedbyeliminatingrepetitiousjinglesorcelebrityendorsements(usingexamplesofcurrentcommercials).]

AD 4.

U 5. [Whatareexamplesofhowthewomanwassetinherways?Whatdidshe

sayaboutthekindofhairdoshewanted?Forexample,thewomanmighthaverejectedanysuggestionsotherthanthestyleshewasusedto.Whatdidthewriterdothatwasunsuccessful?Andhowdidthewomanseemtoindicatethatthewriterwasnotdoingwhatshewanted?Forinstance,shemighthaveshakenherheadorsighedeverytimethewriterattemptedtopleaseher.]

PracticeActivity20onAddingDetailstoCompleteanEssay(75-77)

Note:Answerswillvary.

Firstofall,nowthatweweredisconnected,wefoundplentyofhoursforpersonalinterests.Weallreadmorethatweekthanwehadreadduringthesixmonthsbefore.DadintroducedMomtohisfavoritemysterywriter—DorothySayers—anditwaspleasanttoseethemsittingonthesofatogether,eachoneabsorbedinabook.Luella,seriousasalways,readnovelsbyCharlesDickens,whileIsettledmodestlyforthedailynewspapers.Weeachalsoenjoyedsomehobbieswehadignoredforages.MomandDaddidcrosswordpuzzlestogether,Ludustedoffherstampcollection,andIfinishedknittingthesweaterIhadstartedlastSeptember.Inaddition,mysisterandIbothstoppedprocrastinatingwithourhomework.InsteadofputtingoffourEnglishandmathassignments,wetackledthemrightaftersupperandfoundthat,withoutthetemptationofgoingonlineeveryfewminutes,wecoulddotheminacoupleofhours—farmorequicklythanweexpected.

Second,wedidchoresthathadbeenhangingoverourheadsfortoolong.Thereweremanyjobsaroundthehousethathadneededattentionforsometime.MomfixedafaucetthathadbeendrippingforweekswhileDadpatchedthecrackedplasterinthediningroom.LuandIcleanedourclosets,findingDVDs,CDs,andmagazinesthathadbeenmissingformonths.Bytheendoftheweek,thehousewasintidiershapethanithadbeensincewemovedin.Wealsohadachancetodosomelong-postponedshopping.MomandDadpickedoutanewsofafortheden;Luboughtsomenewbooks,andIwentthroughawholestackofcatalogsandfinishedallmyChristmasshoppingbyphone.Andeachofusdidsomepaperworkthatwaslongoverdue.MomandDadstruggledwiththisyear’sincometaxforms,LuwrotetoJohnny,afriendshemetatSpiritLakelastsummer,andIwroteathank-younotetoAuntElsieforlettingmestaywithherduringmyweekendinNewYorkCitylastmonth.

Finally,andprobablymostimportant,wespenttimewitheachother.Insteadofjustbeinginthesameroomtogetherwhilewestaredatdifferentscreens,weactuallytalkedformanypleasanthours.Momtoldusabouttheprogrammingprojectshehasbeendoingatwork,andwehadfunplanningthetriptoBostonwearegoingtotakethissummer.Moreover,forthefirsttimeinyearsmyfamilyplayedsomecardgamesandboardgamestogether.WeplayedseveralgamesofScrabble,andweevengotouttheMonopolysetandplayedagamefollowingtherulesourfamilyhasmadeupovertheyears.Becausewecouldn’tkeepupwitheveryoneelectronically,wehadsomefamilyfriendsoveroneeveningandspentanenjoyabletimewiththem.WeweregladtoseehowmuchtheOverholtchildrenhadgrown,andJoeandSandyCipriannikeptuslaughingalleveningwiththeirstoriesaboutfixinguptheoldhousetheybought.

Chapter4:TheThirdStepinEssayWriting

Fill-insonCommonMethodsofOrganization(80-82)

ThetopicsentencesintheessayusethewordsThefirst,second,andfinaltohelpshowtimeorder.

Theparagraphusesthefollowingwordstohelpshowtimeorder:second,followed,andFinally.

ThetopicsentencesintheessayusethewordsForonething(ormore),less,andmostimportanttohelpshowemphaticorder.

ThewordsThemostimportantareusedtomarkthemostemphaticdetailintheparagraph.

Activity1onCommonMethodsofOrganization(82-83)

A. 1. timeorder B. time;emphatic;time;emphatic

2. emphaticorder

3. combinationoftimeandemphaticorder

Activity2onTransitions(84-86)

1. Additionsignals:First,Second,Next,Finally

2. Timesignals:first,next,Finally

3. Spacesignals:Next[to],Totheright,Near

4. Change-of-directionsignals:But,however

5. Illustrationsignals:Forexample,suchas

6. Conclusionsignals:Finally,therefore

Activity3onTransitionalSentences(87)

Note:Answerswillvary.

AfterleavingtheCapitol,wewalkedalongtheMalltotheLincolnMemorial.

AshortdistancetotherightoftheLincolnMemorialistheVietnamMemorial.

Activity4onOtherConnectingWords(89)

1. fourtimes

2. he

3. ironrange;throbbingswellings;frigid

Activity5onIntroductoryParagraph Activity6onConcludingParagraph

(92-93) (95)

1. B Startingwithanopposite 1. P/R

2. E Quotation 2. Q