Unit1+Grammar+Usage+句子成分與基本結(jié)構(gòu) 高中英語(yǔ)牛津譯林版（2020）必修第一冊(cè)

AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.只工作不玩耍，聰明杰克也變傻。exploretherulesofsentenceelementsandsentencestructures.applytherulesbydoingsomeexercises.

Intoday’sclass,weshall:Unit1BacktoschoolGrammarandusage句子是表達(dá)思想的基本單位，主要的句子成分（sentenceelements）有：

主語(yǔ)（Subject）、

謂語(yǔ)（Verb）、

賓語(yǔ)（Object）、

定語(yǔ)（Attributive）、

狀語(yǔ)（Adverbial）、

補(bǔ)語(yǔ)（Complement）、

表語(yǔ)（Predicative）、同位語(yǔ)（Appositive）等。SentenceelementsSubjectVerbObject

Complement謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)Adverbial狀語(yǔ)Predicative表語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)Attributive定語(yǔ)Theteachergaveaspeech.Manystudentsjoinschoolclub.Weshoulddevelopgoodstudyhabits.Listeningtomusicmakesmerelaxed.Maggieplansherstudycarefully.It’salovelyday.Iwenttoalargelibraryyesterday.Sentenceelements1.主語(yǔ)（S）表示句子表述的是“誰(shuí)”或“什么”，通常由名詞、代詞或與其相當(dāng)?shù)慕Y(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)。如：Thepathbeforeyouleadstoaworldfullofchallenges.

(名詞)Youmustmakeeffortstoimproveyourcommunicationskills.(代詞)LearningEnglishopensthedoortoacolourfulworld.

(動(dòng)詞-ing形式)Whatwechoosedecideswhatweare.(名詞性從句)2.謂語(yǔ)（V）說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或特征和狀態(tài)，由動(dòng)詞組成。由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的是簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)，由兩個(gè)或更多部分構(gòu)成的是復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)。如：Amyhasagiftformusic.(簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ))TheclasssizeissmallintheUK.

(簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ))Youwillfindyourselfgrowingintoawell-roundedindividual.

(復(fù)合謂語(yǔ))Someanimalscanunderstandhumanfeelings.

(復(fù)合謂語(yǔ))句子成分3.

賓語(yǔ)（O）表示動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的對(duì)象，或在介詞后面與介詞構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)。

賓語(yǔ)通常由名詞、代詞或與其相當(dāng)?shù)慕Y(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)。如：

MymumteachesEnglishinamiddleschool.

(名詞)

Weallrespecthim.

(代詞)

Iwillsupportwhateverchoiceyoumake.

(名詞性從句)

有時(shí)動(dòng)詞后面會(huì)接兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，表示人的賓語(yǔ)通常被稱(chēng)為間接賓語(yǔ)（indirectobject）,而表示物的賓語(yǔ)則被稱(chēng)為直接賓語(yǔ)（directobject).如：

Ican’twaittodescribetoyouwhatseniorhighschoollifeislike.4.

表語(yǔ)（P）說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特征、身份、狀態(tài)等，位于系動(dòng)詞（be,look,go,turn,become等）后，通常由名詞、代詞、形容詞或與其相當(dāng)?shù)慕Y(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)。如：

Todayisthestartofanewterm.

(名詞)

TheonlypersonIcareaboutisyou.

(代詞)

Thepossibilitiesareendless.

(形容詞)

Youarewhatyoueat.

(名詞性從句)5.

定語(yǔ)（Attr.）修飾名詞或代詞，表示其性質(zhì)和特征，通常由形容詞或與其相當(dāng)?shù)慕Y(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)。如：Weheardanimpressivespeechlastweek.

(形容詞)Thereisaswimmingpoolinourschool.

(動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示用途)Don’twakeupthesleepingchild.

(動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示狀態(tài))

定語(yǔ)有時(shí)還會(huì)置于名詞或代詞之后。如：Youwillhavetheopportunity

toacquiregreatknowledge.

(動(dòng)詞不定式)Potentialisyournaturalabilitythatcanbedevelopedwhenyoutryhardenough.

(定語(yǔ)從句)6.

狀語(yǔ)（A）修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，表示方式、程度、語(yǔ)氣等，通常由副詞或與其相當(dāng)?shù)慕Y(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)。如：Carefullyplanyourstudy.

(副詞表方式)Sheisverycarefulaboutwhatshesays.

(副詞表程度)Hedidquitewellintheproject.

(副詞表程度)Honestly,

Idon’tmindifyouwanttoleavenow.

(副詞表語(yǔ)氣)GuidedbymyEnglishteacher,

Ienteredawonderland.

(分詞作狀語(yǔ)表方式)Makehaywhilethesunshines.

(狀語(yǔ)從句表時(shí)間)7.

補(bǔ)語(yǔ)（C）用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的特征或狀態(tài)，由名詞、動(dòng)詞、形

容詞等充當(dāng)。如：TheNewYorkCityiscalledtheBigApple.

(名詞作主補(bǔ))Mr.Xuencouragesustorealizeourpotential.

(動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ))Wepaintedthewallgreen.

(形容詞作賓補(bǔ))8.

同位語(yǔ)（apposition）對(duì)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)進(jìn)行解釋?zhuān)ǔＳ擅~、代

詞、數(shù)詞或與其相當(dāng)?shù)慕Y(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)。如：Youtwowaithere.

(與主語(yǔ)同位)Wewereshockedbythenewsthathediedintheaccident.

(與賓語(yǔ)同位)Ms.Xuisourprincipal,averypopularteacher.

(與表語(yǔ)同位)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ)Practice謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)主補(bǔ)Onthefirstdayofschool,MissYangaveashortspeechabouttheimportanceofsettinggoals.Payattentiontotheunderlinedsentencesandfillinthetablebelow.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.AlbertEinsteinsaid,“Ifyouwanttoliveahappylife,tieittoagoal.”(1)Iagree.Goalsareimportantinmanyways.(2)Settinggoalsgivesyouafocusinlife.Bysettinggoalsnow,youaredecidingwhatyouwanttoachieveinthefuture.Thenyouknowwhereyouaregoinginlifeandcanworkhardtogetthere.Settinggoalsalsohelpsyoudevelopgoodhabits.Torealizeyourgoals,youneedtohaveagoodplan,manageyourtimewellandpayattentiontodetails.(3)Thesehabitswillbehelpful.Finally,(4)settinggoalsmakesyoumoreconfident.Whenyouachieveagoal,youseetheresultofyourhardworkandknowhowmuchprogressyouhavemade.Agoalisadreamthatneedsaction.Asaresultofyouraction,yourdreamwillcometrueandhopefully(5)youwillliveahappylife.———————————————————————————ExploringtherulesSubjectVerbIagree.SubjectVerbPredictiveSubject

VerbObjectSubjectVerbIndirectobjectDirectobjectSubjectVerbObjectObjectcomplement

Thesehabitswillbehelpful.Youwillhaveahappylife.Settinggoalsgivesyouafocusinlife.Settinggoalsmakesyoumoreconfident.Subject+Verb(SV)Subject+Verb+Predicative(SVP)Subject+Verb+Object(SVO)Subject+Verb+Indirectobject+Directobject(SVOO)Subject+Verb+Object+Objectcomplement(SVOC)Rule1:Thesubjectandthe________arenecessarypartsofasentence.

verb

WorkingouttherulesWorkingouttheRulesSubject+Verb(SV)Subject+Verb+Predicative(SVP)Subject+Verb+Object(SVO)Subject+Verb+Indirectobject+Directobject(SVOO)Subject+Verb+Object+Objectcomplement(SVOC)Rule1

Thesubjectandthe__________arenecessarypartsofasentence.verbFindthesubjectsandtheverbsofthefollowingsentences.1.Yourtimeandeffortatseniorhighschoolwillopen

thedoortoyourpotential.

2.Thepathbeforeyouleadstoaworldfullofchallenges.3.Potentialcanbedevelopedwhenyoutryhardenough.WorkingouttheRulesSujectVerbSubjectVerbSubjectVerb1.You

willdiscover

yourpotential

whileyoudevelopasastudentandasaperson.2.Youwillfindyourselfgrowingintoawell-roundedindividual.Rule2:Atransitiveverbisalwaysfollowedbya(n)_________.Objectsareusually_______or___________._WorkingouttheRulesobjectnounspronounssubjectverbobjectRule3:Someverbscanhavetwoobjects.

Theindirectobjectusuallyreferstoapersonandthedirectobjectathing.S+V+IO+DOSettinggoalsgivesyou

afocusinlife.MyEnglishteacherBengaveme

apresentformyhardwork.WorkingouttheRulesPractice1.Brainstorm.Whatverbshavewelearnedthatcantaketwoobjects? ?sb.sth.2.MakesentencesusingS+V+IO+DOstructure.e.g.Swimmingintheseainthesummergivesmeafeelingofrelaxation.

主

謂vi結(jié)構(gòu)

主

謂vt賓結(jié)構(gòu)vi.不+賓語(yǔ)———————vt.+賓語(yǔ)*Thesunroseintheeast.*Themoneyhasrunout.*Helistenedsilently.*Heraisedhishand.*Hehasrunoutofthemoney.

*Helistenedtomusicsilently.Hecanhearthemusic.

接雙賓的動(dòng)詞(雙賓動(dòng)詞)——兩種格式：

Hebringscookiestomeeveryday.(bringmesth)Shemadeabeautifuldressforme.(makemesth)*用to側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的方向,表示朝著,向著,對(duì)著某人

give,show,send,bring,offer,lend,hand,pass,post,take,

throw等。*用for側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的受益者,表示為了某人,替某人make,buy,do,cook,sing,order,book(預(yù)定),keep,save等。

能帶賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞(賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞)：1.感官動(dòng)詞：see,watch,lookat,observe,notice,feel,find,hear,listento+賓語(yǔ)+do/doing/done2.使讓動(dòng)詞：have,make+賓語(yǔ)+do/done;keep/leave+賓語(yǔ)+doing/done

get+賓語(yǔ)+todo/done3.其它：

advise,allow,permit,forbid,like,want,wish,expect,

require,request,ask,order,command(+賓語(yǔ)+todo)

ApplyingtheRulesP7B1Markthedifferentelementsofeachsentencewithdifferentsymbols.

1.You

willfind

(seniorhigh)school

differentfrom(juniorhigh)school.2.(Your)schoolwork

willbe

morechallenging.3.We

willgive

you

(more)independence.4.You

shouldlisten

[morecarefully].5.You

canjoin

aclub.6.(Your)teachers

willhelp

you

[in(many)ways].7.You

willsucceed.

B2Belowaresometipsaboutsettinggoals.Matchtheunderlinedsentenceswiththecorrectstructures.Writethelettersintheboxes.cbdgeafTheleaveshaveturnedyellow.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.Wouldyoupleasepassmethedictionary?Theyhavecarriedouttheplansuccessfully.Theredsunrisesintheeast.Theboysmustlookaftertheirthings.TheEnglishclassbeginsateighto'clock.Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.