完美版10至14年考研英語二真題及詳細(xì)解析

2023年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語二真題考生考前須知：1考生必須嚴(yán)格遵守各項(xiàng)考場規(guī)那么。2答題前，考生應(yīng)按準(zhǔn)考證上的有關(guān)內(nèi)容填寫答題卡上的“考生姓名〞、“報(bào)考單位〞、“考生編號〞等信息。3答案必須按要求填涂或書寫在指定的答題卡上。(1)英語知識運(yùn)用，閱讀理解A節(jié)、B節(jié)的答案填涂在答題卡1上。填涂局部應(yīng)該按照答題卡上的要求用2B鉛筆完成。如需改動，必須用橡皮擦干凈。(2)英譯漢和寫作局部必須用藍(lán)黑色字跡鋼筆、圓珠筆或簽字筆在答題卡2上做答。字跡要清楚。4.考試結(jié)束，將試題，答題卡1和答題卡2一并裝入試題袋中交回。SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.(10points)Thinnerisn’talwaysbetter.Anumberofstudieshave__1___thatnormal-weightpeopleareinfactathigherriskofsomediseasescomparedtothosewhoareoverweight.Andtherearehealthconditionsforwhichbeingoverweightisactually___2___.Forexample,heavierwomenarelesslikelytodevelopcalciumdeficiencythanthinwomen.___3___amongtheelderly,beingsomewhatoverweightisoftenan___4___ofgoodhealth.Ofevengreater___5___isthefactthatobesityturnsouttobeverydifficulttodefine.Itisoftendefined___6___bodymassindex,orBMI.BMI___7__bodymassdividedbythesquareofheight.AnadultwithaBMIof18to25isoftenconsideredtobenormalweight.Between25and30isoverweight.Andover30isconsideredobese.Obesity,___8___,canbedividedintomoderatelyobese,severelyobese,andveryseverelyobese.Whilesuchnumericalstandardsseem9,theyarenot.Obesityisprobablylessamatterofweightthanbodyfat.SomepeoplewithahighBMIareinfactextremelyfit,10otherswithalowBMImaybeinpoor11.Forexample,manycollegiateandprofessionalfootballplayers12asobese,thoughtheirpercentagebodyfatislow.Conversely,someonewithasmallframemayhavehighbodyfatbuta13BMI.Todaywehavea(an)_14_tolabelobesityasadisgrace.Theoverweightaresometimes_15_inthemediawiththeirfacescovered.Stereotypes_16_withobesityincludelaziness,lackofwillpower,andlowerprospectsforsuccess.Teachers,employers,andhealthprofessionalshavebeenshowntoharborbiasesagainsttheobese._17_veryyoungchildrentendtolookdownontheoverweight,andteasingaboutbodybuildhaslongbeenaprobleminschools.1.[A]denied[B]concluced[C]doubled[D]ensured

2.[A]protective[B]dangerous[C]sufficient[D]troublesome

3.[A]Instead[B]However[C]Likewise[D]Therefore

4.[A]indicator[B]objective[C]origin[D]example

5.[A]impact[B]relevance[C]assistance[D]concern

6.[A]intermsof[B]incaseof[C]infavorof[D]inof

7.[A]measures[B]determines[C]equals[D]modifies

8.[A]inessence[B]incontrast[C]inturn[D]inpart

9.[A]complicated[B]conservative[C]variable[D]straightforward

10.[A]so[B]unlike[C]since[D]unless

11.[A]shape[B]spirit[C]balance[D]taste

12.[A]start[B]quality[C]retire[D]stay

13.[A]strange[B]changeable[C]normal[D]constant

14.[A]option[B]reason[C]opportunity[D]tendency

15.[A]employed[B]pictured[C]imitated[D]monitored

16.[A]opportunity[B]combined[C]settled[D]associated

17.[A]Even[B]Still[C]Yet[D]Only

18.[A]despised[B]corrected[C]ignored[D]grounded

19.[A]discussions[B]businesses[C]policies[D]studies

20.[A]for[B]against[C]with[D]withoutSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Whatwouldyoudowith590m?ThisisnowaquestionforGloriaMackenzie,an84-year-oldwidowwhorecentlyemergedfromhersmall,tin-roofedhouseinFloridatocollectthebiggestundividedlotteryjackpotinhistory.Ifshehopeshernew-foundfortunewillyieldlastingfeelingsoffulfillment,shecoulddoworsethanreadHappyMoneybyElizabethDumnandMichaelNorton.Thesetwoacademicsuseanarrayofbehavioralresearchtoshowthatthemostrewardingwaystospendmoneycanbecounterintuitive.Fantasiesofgreatwealthofteninvolvevisionsoffancycarsandextravaganthomes.Yetsatisfactionwiththesematerialpurchaseswearsofffairlyquicklywhatwasonceexcitingandnewbecomesold-hat;regretcreepsin.Itisfarbettertospendmoneyonexperiences,sayMsDumnandMrNorton,likeinterestingtrips,uniquemealsorevengoingtothecinema.Thesepurchasesoftenbecomemorevaluablewithtime-asstoriesormemories-particularlyiftheyinvolvefeelingmoreconnectedtoothers.Thisslimvolumeispackedwithtipstohelpwageslavesaswellaslotterywinnersgetthemost"happinessbangforyourbuck."Itseemsmostpeoplewouldbebetteroffiftheycouldshortentheircommutestowork,spendmoretimewithfriendsandfamilyandlessofitwatchingtelevision(somethingtheaverageAmericanspendsawhoppingtwomonthsayeardoing,andishardlyjollierforit).Buyinggiftsorgivingtocharityisoftenmorepleasurablethanpurchasingthingsforoneself,andluxuriesaremostenjoyablewhentheyareconsumedsparingly.ThisisapparentlythereasonMacDonald'srestrictstheavailabilityofitspopularMcRib-amarketingtrickthathasturnedtheporksandwichintoanobjectofobsession.Readersof“HappyMoney〞areclearlyaprivilegedlot,anxiousaboutfulfillment,nothunger.Moneymaynotquitebuyhappiness,butpeopleinwealthiercountriesaregenerallyhappierthanthoseinpoorones.Yetthelinkbetweenfeelinggoodandspendingmoneyonotherscanbeseenamongrichandpoorpeoplearoundtheworld,andscarcityenhancesthepleasureofmostthingsformostpeople.Noteveryonewillagreewiththeauthors’policyideas,whichrangefrommandatingmoreholidaytimetoreducingtaxincentivesforAmericanhomebuyers.Butmostpeoplewillcomeawayfromthisbookbelievingitwasmoneywellspent.21.AccordingtoDumnandNorton,whichofthefollowingisthemostrewardingpurchase?

[A]Abighouse

[B]Aspecialtour

[C]Astylishcar

[D]Arichmeal22.Theauthor’sattitudetowardAmericans’watchingTVis

[A]critical

[B]supportive

[C]sympathetic

[D]ambiguous23.Macribismentionedinparagraph3toshowthat

[A]consumersaresometimesirrational

[B]popularityusuallycomesafterquality

[C]marketingtricksareaftereffective

[D]raritygenerallyincreasespleasure24.Accordingtothelastparagraph,HappyMoney

[A]hasleftmuchroomforreaders’criticism

[B]mayprovetobeaworthwhilepurchase

[C]haspredictedawiderincomegapintheus

[D]maygiveitsreadersasenseofachievement25.Thistextmainlydiscusseshowto

[A]balancefeelinggoodandspendingmoney

[B]spendlargesumsofmoneywoninlotteries[C]obtainlastingsatisfactionfrommoneyspent

[D]becomemorereasonableinspendingonluxuriesText2AnarticleinScientificAmericahaspointedoutthatempiricalresearchsaysthat,actually,youthinkyou’remorebeautifulthanyouare.Wehaveadeep-seatedneedtofeelgoodaboutourselvesandwenaturallyemployanumberofself-enhancingstrategiestoresearchintowhatthecallthe“aboveaverageeffect〞,or“illusorysuperiority〞,andshownthat,forexample,70%ofusrateourselvesasaboveaverageinleadership,93%indrivingand85%atgettingonwellwithothers—allobviouslystatisticalimpossibilities.Werosetintourmemoriesandputourselvesintoself-affirmingsituations.Webecomedefensivewhencriticized,andapplynegativestereotypestootherstoboostourownesteem,westalkaroundthinkingwe’rehotstuff.PsychologistandbehavioralscientistNicholasEpleyoversawakeystudyingintoself-enhancementandattractiveness.Ratherthathavepeoplesimplyratetheirbeautycompresswithothers,heaskedthemtoidentifyanoriginalphotograghofthemselves’fromalineupincludingversionsthathadbeenalteredtoappearmoreandlessattractive.Visualrecognition,readsthestudy,is“anautomaticpsychologicalprocessoccurringrapidlyandintuitivelywithlittleornoapparentconsciousdeliberation〞.Ifthesubjectsquicklychoseafalselyflatteringimage-whichmustdid-theygenuinelybelieveditwasreallyhowtheylooked.Epleyfoundnosignificantgenderdifferenceinresponses.Norwasthereanyevidencethat,thosewhoself-enhancethemust(thatis,theparticipantswhothoughtthemostpositivelydoctoredpicturewerereal)weredoingsotomakeupforprofoundinsecurities.Infactthosewhothoughtthattheimageshigheruptheattractivenessscalewererealdirectlycorrespondedwiththosewhoshowedothermakersforhavinghigherself-esteem.“Idon’tthinkthefindingsthatwehavinghaveareanyevidenceofpersonaldelusion〞,saysEpley.“It’sareflectionsimplyofpeoplegenerallythinkingwellofthemselves’.Ifyouaredepressed,youwon’tbeself-enhancing.KnowingtheresultsofEpley‘sstudy,itmakessensethatwhypeopleheatphotographsofthemselvesViscerally-ononelevel,theydon’tevenrecognisethepersoninthepictureasthemselves,Facebooktherefore,isaself-enhancer’sparadise,wherepeoplecanshareonlythemostflatteringphotos,thecreamoftheirwit,style,beauty,intellectandlifestyleit’snotthatpeople’sprofilesaredishonest,sayscatalinatomaofWiscon—Madisonuniversity,〞buttheyportrayanidealizedversionofthemselves.26.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,socialpsychologisthavefoundthat______.

[A]ourself-ratingsareunrealisticallyhigh

[B]illusorysuperiorityisbaselesseffect

[C]ourneedforleadershipisunnatural

[D]self-enhancingstrategiesareineffective27.Visualrecognitionisbelievedtobepeople’s______

[A]rapidwatching

[B]consciouschoice

[C]intuitiveresponse

[D]automaticself-defence28.Epleyfoundthatpeoplewithhigherself-esteemtendedto______

[A]underestimatetheirinsecurities

[B]believeintheirattractiveness

[C]coveruptheirdepressions

[D]oversimplifytheirillusions29.Theword“Viscerally〞(Line2,para.5)isclosestinmeaningto_____.

[A]instinctively

[B]occasionally

[C]particularly

[D]aggressively30.ItcanbeinferredthatFacebookisself-enhancer’sparadisebecausepeoplecan_____.

[A]presenttheirdishonestprofiles

[B]definetheirtraditionallifestyles

[C]sharetheirintellectualpursuits

[D]withholdtheirunflatteringsidesText3Cryingishardlyanactivityencouragedbysociety.Tears,betheyofsorrow,anger,onjoy,typicallymakeAmericansfeeluncomforubleandembarrassed.Theshedderoftearsislikelytoapologize,evenwhenadevastating(消滅性的)tragedywastheprovocation.Theobserveroftearsislikelytodoeverythingpossibletoputanendtotheemotionaloutpouring.Butjudgingformrecentstudiesofcryingbehavior,linksbetweenillnessandcryingandthechemicalcompositionoftears,boththoseresponsestotearsareofteninappropriateandmayevenbecounterproductive.Humansaretheonlyanimalsdefinitelyknowntoshedemotionaltears.Sinceevolutionhasgivenrisetofew,ifany,purposelessphysiologicalresponset,itislogicaltoassumethatcryinghasoneormorefunctionsthatenhancesurvival.Althoughsomeobservershavesuggestedthatcryingisawaytoclicitassistanceformothers(asacryingbabymightfromitsmother),thesheddingoftearsishardlynecessarytogethelp.Vocalcrieswouldhavebeenquiteenough,morelikelythantearstogainattention,So,itappears,theremustbesomethingspecialabouttearsthemselves.Indeed,thenewstudiessuggestthatemotionaltearsmayplayadirectroleinalleviatingstress,UniversityofMinnesotaresearcherswhoarestudyingthechemicalcompositionoftearshaverecentlyisolatedtwoimportantchemicalsfromemotionaltears.Bothchemicalsarefoundonlyintearsthatareshedinresponsetoemotion.Tearsshedbecauseofexposureto=cutonionwouldcontainnosuchsubstance.Researchersatseveralotherinstitutionsareinvestigatingtheusefulnessoftearsasameansofdiagnosinghumanillsandmonitoringdrugs.AtTulaneUniversity’sTeatAnalysisLaboratoryDr.PeterKastlandhiscolleaguesreportthattheycanusetearstodetectdrugabuseandexposuretomedication(藥物),todeterminewhetheracontactlensfitsproperlyofwhyitmaybeuncomfortable,tostudythecausesof“dryeye〞syndromeandtheeffectsofeyesurgery,andperhapseventomeasureexposuretoenvironmentalpollutants.AtColumbiaUniversityDt.LiasyFarisandcolleaguesarestudyingtearsforcluestothediagnosisofdiseasesawayfromtheeyes.Tearscanbeobtainedpainlesslywithoutinvadingthebodyandonlytinyamountsareneededtoperformhighlyrefinedanalyses.31.Itisknownfromthefirstparagraphthat________.A)sheddingtearsgivesunpleasantfeelingstoAmericanB)cryingmayoftenimitatepeopleorevenresultintragedyC)cryingusuallywinssympathyfromotherpeopleD)onewhoshedstearsinpublicwillbeblamed32.Whatdoes“boththoseresponsestotears〞(Line6,Para,1)referto?A)Cryingoutofsorrowandsheddingtearsforhappiness.B)Theembarrassmentandunpleasantsensationoftheobservers.C)Thetearshedder’sapologyandtheobserver’sefforttostopthecrying.D)Linkingillnesswithcryingandfindingthechemicalcompositionoftears.33.“Counterproductive〞(Lines6-7,Para,1)veryprobablymeans“________〞.A)havingnoeffectatallB)leadingtotensionC)producingdisastrousimpactD)harmfultohealth34.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutcrying?A)Itisapointlessphysiologicalresponsetotheenvironment.B)Itmusthavearoletoplayinman’ssurvival.C)Itismeanttogetattentionandassistance.D)Itusuallyproducesthedesiredeffect.35.Whatcanbeinferredfromthenewstudiesoftears?A)Emotionaltearshavethefunctionofreducingstress.B)Exposuretoexcessivemedicationmayincreaseemotionaltears.C)Emotionaltearscangiveriseto“dryeye〞syndromeinsomecases.D)Environmentalpollutantscaninducethesheddingofemotionaltears.Text4Whenthegovernmenttalksaboutinfrastructurecontributingtotheeconomythefocusisusuallyonroads,railways,broadbandandenergy.Housingisseldommentioned.Whyisthat?Tosomeextentthehousingsectormustshouldertheblame.Wehavenotbeengoodatcommunicatingtherealvaluethathousingcancontributetoeconomicgrowth.Thenthereisthescaleofthetypicalhousingproject.Itishardtoshoveforattentionamongmultibillion-poundinfrastructureproject,soitisinevitablethattheattentionisfocusedelsewhere.Butperhapsthemostsignificantreasonisthattheissuehasalwaysbeensopoliticallycharged.

Nevertheless,theaffordablehousingsituationisdesperate.Waitinglistsincreaseallthetimeandwearesimplynotbuildingenoughnewhomes.Thecomprehensivespendingreviewoffersanopportunityforthegovernmenttohelprectifythis.Itneedstoputhistoricalprejudicestoonesideandtakesomestepstoaddressoururgenthousingneed.Therearesomeindicationsthatitispreparingtodojustthat.Thecommunitiesminister,DonFoster,hashintedthatGeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,mayintroducemoreflexibilitytothecurrentcapontheamountthatlocalauthoritiescanborrowagainsttheirhousingstockdebt.Evidenceshowsthat60,000extranewhomescouldbebuiltoverthenextfiveyearsifthecapwerelifted,increasingGDPby0.6%.Ministersshouldalsolookatcreatinggreatercertaintyintherentalenvironment,whichwouldhaveasignificantimpactontheabilityofregisteredproviderstofundnewdevelopmentsfromrevenues.Butitisnotjustdowntothegovernment.Whilethesemeasureswouldbewelcomeintheshortterm,wemustfaceuptothefactthattheexisting￡4.5bnprogrammeofgrantstofundnewaffordablehousing,settoexpirein2023,isunlikelytobeextendedbeyondthen.TheLabourpartyhasrecentlyannouncedthatitwillretainalargepartofthecoalition’sspendingplansifreturnstopower.Thehousingsectorneedstoacceptthatweareveryunlikelytoeverreturntoeraoflarge-scalepublicgrants.Weneedtoadjusttothischangingclimate.36.Theauthorbelievesthatthehousingsector__

[A]hasattractedmuchattention

[B]involvescertainpoliticalfactors

[C]shoulderstoomuchresponsibility

[D]haslostitsrealvalueineconomy37.Itcanbelearnedthataffordablehousinghas__

[A]increaseditshomesupply

[B]offeredspendingopportunities

[C]sufferedgovernmentbiases

[D]disappointedthegovernment38.AccordingtoParagraph5,GeorgeOsbornemay_______.

[A]allowgreatergovernmentdebtforhousing

[B]stoplocalauthoritiesfrombuildinghomes

[C]preparetoreducehousingstockdebt

[D]releasealiftedGDPgrowthforecast39.Itcanbeinferredthatastablerentalenvironmentwould_______.

[A]lowerthecostsofregisteredproviders

[B]lessentheimpactofgovernmentinterference

[C]contributetofundingnewdevelopments

[D]relievetheministersofresponsibilities40.Theauthorbelievesthatafter2023,thegovernmentmay______.

[A]implementmorepoliciestosupporthousing

[B]reviewtheneedforlarge-scalepublicgrants

[C]renewtheaffordablehousinggrantsprogramme

[D]stopgenerousfundingtothehousingsectorSectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Mostpeoplewoulddefineoptimismasendlesslyhappy,withaglassthat’sperpetuallyhalffall.Butthat’sexactlythekindoffalsedeerfulnessthatpositivepsychologistswouldn’trecommend.“Healthyoptimistsmeansbeingintouchwithreality.〞saysTalBen-Shahar,aHarvardprofessor,AccordingtoBen-Shalar,realisticoptimistsarethesewhomakethebestofthingsthathappen,butnotthosewhobelieveeverythinghappensforthebest.Ben-Shalarusesthreeoptimisticexercisers.Whenhefeelsdown-sag,aftergivingabadlecture-hegrantshimselfpermissiontobehuman.HeremindshimselfthatmoteverylecturecanbeaNobelwinner;somewillbelesseffectivethanothers.Nextisreconstruction,Heanalyzestheweaklecture,leaninglessons,forthefutureaboutwhatworksandwhatdoesn’t.Finally,thereisperspective,whichinvolvesacknowledgingthatinthegroundschemeoflife,onelecturereallydoesn’tmatter.SectionIVWritingPartA47.Directions:SupposeyouaregoingtostudyabroadandshareanapartmentwithJohn,alocalstudent.Writehimtoemailto

1)tellhimaboutyourlivinghabits,and

2)askforadviceaboutlivingthere.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonanswersheet.Donotuseyourownname.PartB48.Directions:Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyouressay,youshould1)interpretthechart,and2)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)參考答案完形填空1.concluded

2.protective

3.Likewise

4.indicator

5.concern

6.intermsof

7.equals

8.inturn

9.straightforward

10.while

11.shape

12.qualify

13.normal

14.tendency

15.pictured

16.associated

17.Even

18.grounded19.policies

20.against

閱讀理解Text121.BAspecialtour

22.Acritical

23.Draritygenerallyincreasespleasure

24.Bmayprovetobeaworthwhilepurchase

25.AbalancefeelinggoodandspendingmoneyText226.Aourself-ratingsareunrealisticallyhigh

27.Cintuitiveresponse

28.Bbelieveintheirattractiveness

29.Ainstinctively

30.DwithholdtheirunflatteringsidesText331.AsheddingtearsgivesunpleasantfeelingstoAmerican

32.CThetearshedder'sapologyandtheobserver'sefforttostopthecrying.

33.Cproducingdisastrousimpact

34.BItmusthavearoletoplayinman'ssurvival.

35.AEmotionaltearshavethefunctionofreductionofreducingstress.Text436.Binvolvescertainpoliticalfactors

37.Csufferedgovernmentbiases

38.Aallowgreatergovernmentdebtforhousing

39.Ccontributetofundingnewdevelopments

40.Dstopgenerousfundingtothehousingsector總的來說，今年的英語二閱讀難度與往年相比略有上升，文章題材比擬多地涉及到社會生活類題材，話題多樣，比方移民、生活中的快速反響、職場性別比例等。文章的來源還是從我們在課堂上給考生提到的知名歐美報(bào)刊雜志中摘錄并進(jìn)行改編。與往年文章有一個(gè)較大的差異在于，跨考教育英語教研室張藍(lán)鶴老師認(rèn)為，今年的閱讀文章中出現(xiàn)了個(gè)別生僻詞匯，但是這樣的詞匯對于考生理解文意來說問題并不大，完全是可以通過上下文把詞匯的感情色彩和根本意思推斷出來?？忌鷤儜?yīng)該分清楚閱讀考試主要考察大家的就是閱讀能力，所以出現(xiàn)的大綱外的詞匯幾乎都可以從上下文推斷出來，所以同學(xué)們可以在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)當(dāng)中多加練習(xí)從上下文推測詞義的能力。文章句式雖無太多長難句，但是參加了一些特殊語法結(jié)構(gòu)，比方倒裝句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句等，英語二長難句給大家的印象就是長而不難，所以如果在平時(shí)的練習(xí)當(dāng)中注意分析真題中的句子，弄清句子的主干，那么在考場中對這些問題就都能夠迎刃而解了。就題目而言，今年還是以細(xì)節(jié)題和推斷題為主，還有少量觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題，但是相較往年題目而言，比擬容易確定正確答案，強(qiáng)調(diào)廣闊考生對于文章內(nèi)容有一個(gè)比擬精細(xì)的把握，并對原文的意思進(jìn)行理解，再與選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行比對，才能選出正確答案。針對今年出題的這種模式，建議2023年的考生在復(fù)習(xí)的初期，多進(jìn)行精讀練習(xí)，熟練掌握常見的句式結(jié)構(gòu)，把握文章語句所說的意思，同時(shí)進(jìn)行同義替換的練習(xí)，這樣不僅能提高考生詞匯量的儲藏，而且能加深對于英語語句的理解。這樣一個(gè)過程對于做對考研閱讀題是很有幫助的。新題型41.DrepresentstheeleganceoftheBritishlandart.

42.EdepictstheordinarysideoftheBritishlandart.

43.Gcontainsimagesfromdifferentpartsofthesamephotograph.

44.CremindspeopleoftheEnglishlandscapepaintingtradition

45.FembodiesaromanticescapeintotheScottishoutdoor.點(diǎn)評：本篇文章選自TheTelegraph，原文標(biāo)題為UncommonGround–LandArtinBritain1966-1979,SouthamptonCityArtGallery,review。文章從幾幅有名的照片展開，為大家揭示了英國地景藝術(shù)的美妙。這篇新題型難度并不大，且非常討巧的是這些關(guān)鍵詞都包含大寫字母，在文章非常好辨識，所以考生只要快速定位到文中相應(yīng)段落，然后再根據(jù)關(guān)鍵字的前后句意思得出正確答案即可。英譯漢在大局部人眼中，樂觀主義就意味著永遠(yuǎn)滿懷希望、無憂無慮，遇事只往好的方面想。然而積極心理學(xué)專家認(rèn)為這種樂觀只是假象，不建議人們這么做。哈佛大學(xué)教授塔爾·本沙哈爾指出：“健康的樂觀主義應(yīng)該是切合實(shí)際的。〞他認(rèn)為，現(xiàn)實(shí)的樂觀主義者會盡力讓事事順利，而不是迷信萬事大吉。本沙哈爾提出了“三步樂觀法〞。第一步：在碰到例如演講表現(xiàn)糟糕這種讓人沮喪的情況時(shí)，他首先會撫慰自己人非圣賢，不是所有的演講都能拿到諾貝爾獎，總會有些演講的效果不如他人。第二步：重現(xiàn)場景。他會對這次失敗的演講進(jìn)行分析，總結(jié)優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，為以后的演講吸取經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)。第三步：形成這樣一個(gè)觀念，要明白在生命的宏大藍(lán)圖中，一次演講著實(shí)微缺乏道。翻譯這局部采用詞義加邏輯的技巧。翻譯詞義有很強(qiáng)的邏輯性,，詞與詞之間會相互制約，因此應(yīng)當(dāng)上下文多結(jié)合、推敲詞義時(shí)搭配關(guān)系，決不能單獨(dú)、片面、純粹地理解一個(gè)詞的意思，毫無靈活可言地套用。這局部主要考察閱讀理解和翻譯的綜合能力，題目量較大，而且要翻譯成相對應(yīng)的漢語，所以考生把時(shí)間控制在25分鐘內(nèi)。除此以外，以往的高頻語法考點(diǎn)，比方賓語從句、狀語從句以及并列結(jié)構(gòu)和倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)等方面的批量存在也再一次證明考生對于語法不可無視。建議2023屆考生在這一階段就開始累積詞匯，貫穿語法知識。以防明年在語法上面吃虧。相較于考研英語(一)，考研英語(二)的重心不是長句解讀，但從2023年到今年沒有一年不涉及長句解讀，而且至少40%左右是長句。事實(shí)上，只要讀英語，都離不開長句，英語本來就是長句居多的語言。所以，充分了解各種從句的翻譯方法對于英語(一)英語(二)的考生而來，同等重要。2023年的這篇文章具體來說，第49題考察的就是對于定語從句的翻譯，遇到這種句子，我們往往先把整個(gè)句子劃分為一個(gè)一個(gè)的意群，分清楚各局部的邏輯關(guān)系，然后按照漢語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣來解題。即我們常說的拆句子，組句子的過程。步驟是——把每個(gè)拆分點(diǎn)做好以后再合在一起。具體技巧在學(xué)習(xí)期間老師已經(jīng)反復(fù)跟考生們強(qiáng)調(diào)過。再者，本次考試中關(guān)于倒裝句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句的考察也無一不證實(shí)了跨考老師在講翻譯時(shí)給廣闊考生強(qiáng)調(diào)此種句型翻譯的重要性。因此，考生只需要將這些技巧牢記于心就可，切不可慌張亂了法那么。寫作小作文DearJohn,Iwillstudyinyouruniversityandshareanapartmentwithyou.SoIamwritingtotellyoumylivinghabitsandconsultyoursuggestionsoflivingthere.Generallyspeaking,Iamanearlybird,neverburningthemidnightoil.Besides,Ienjoyaquietenvironment,andI’mafraidyoumayhavetouseanearphonewhenlisteningtothemusic.What’smore,Ifranklyhopethatyoucouldtellmethecampuslifethereandthenwemaymakeagreementsonourlivinghabitslater,whichI’msurewillbenefitourfollowingdays.I’mlookingforwardtoyourreply.Yourssincerely,Xxx

今年小作文依舊延續(xù)2023至2023年已經(jīng)考查過的書信，值得注意的是，繼去年考查邀請和建議的結(jié)合信之后，今年依然考查結(jié)合信，是告示和咨詢信的結(jié)合，去年考查的是公務(wù)書信，今年考查的是私人書信。今年小作文與去年難度相當(dāng)。作文題目中沒有列出應(yīng)該包括的具體內(nèi)容，而讓考生自己去寫生活習(xí)慣，給考生一些自由發(fā)揮的空間。就語域來說，由于文章中有咨詢的成分在其中，需要詢問John對在當(dāng)?shù)鼐幼〉囊恍┙ㄗh，所以要注意語氣要禮貌，用詞要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在文章結(jié)尾要表示感謝。大作文GrowingurbanpopulationanddecliningruralpopulationFromthegraph,wecanseethattheurbanpopulationwasgrowingandtheruralpopulationwasdecliningfrom1990to2023.Thenumberoftheurbanpopulationrosefrom300millionin1990toabout460millionin2000,andtoabout685millionin2023,whiletheruralpopulationdecreasedfromabout820millionin1990to800millionin2000andtoabout690millionin2023.It'sobviousthatinthepasttwodecades,theurbanareawitnessedasteadygrowth,butinthelatterdecade,theruralpopulationhadaremarkabledecline.Therearetworeasonsforthisphenomenon.Ononehand,theeconomicboomledtotheregularimprovementofpeople’slivingstandard,andfurtherresultedinasteadygrowingurbanpopulation.Ontheotherhand,from2000,thecountrysideurbanizationorientedbythegovernmentgaverisetoaconspicuouslydecliningruralpopulation.Inconclusion,basedontheaboveanalysis,theurbanpopulationwillbegrowing,whiletheruralpopulationwillcontinuetodropinthefuture.2023年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語二真題考生考前須知：1考生必須嚴(yán)格遵守各項(xiàng)考場規(guī)那么。2答題前，考生應(yīng)按準(zhǔn)考證上的有關(guān)內(nèi)容填寫答題卡上的“考生姓名〞、“報(bào)考單位〞、“考生編號〞等信息。3答案必須按要求填涂或書寫在指定的答題卡上。(1)英語知識運(yùn)用，閱讀理解A節(jié)、B節(jié)的答案填涂在答題卡1上。填涂局部應(yīng)該按照答題卡上的要求用2B鉛筆完成。如需改動，必須用橡皮擦干凈。(2)英譯漢和寫作局部必須用藍(lán)黑色字跡鋼筆、圓珠筆或簽字筆在答題卡2上做答。字跡要清楚。4.考試結(jié)束，將試題，答題卡1和答題卡2一并裝入試題袋中交回。Section1UseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Giventheadvantagesofelectronicmoney,youmightthinkthatwewouldmovequicklytothecashlesssocietyinwhichallpaymentsaremadeelectronically.1atruecashlesssocietyisprobablynotaroundthecorner.Indeed,predictionshavebeen2fortwodecadesbuthavenotyetcometofruition.Forexample,BusinessWeekpredictedin1975thatelectronicmeansofpaymentwouldsoon"revolutionizethevery3ofmoneyitself,"onlyto4itselfseveralyearslater.Whyhasthemovementtoacashlesssocietybeenso5incoming?Althoughelectronicmeansofpaymentmaybemoreefficientthanapaymentssystembasedonpaper,severalfactorswork6thedisappearanceofthepapersystem.First,itisvery7tosetupthecomputer,cardreader,andtelecornmunicationsnetworksnecessarytomakeelectronicmoneythe8formofpaymentSecond,papercheckshavetheadvantagethatthey9receipts,somethingthaimanyconsumersareunwillingto10.Third,theuseofpaperchecksgivesconsumersseveraldaysof"float"-ittakesseveraldays11acheckiscashedandfundsare12fromtheissuer'saccount,whichmeansthatthewriterofthecheckcancaminterestonthefundsinthemeantime.13electronicpaymentsarcimmediate,theyeliminatethefloatfortheconsumer.Fourth,electronicmeansofpaymentmay14securityandprivacyconcerns.Weoftenhearmediareportsthatanunauthorizedhackerhasbeenabletoaccessacomputerdatabaseandtoalterinformation15there.Thefactthatthisisnotan16occurrencemeansthatdishonestpersonsmightbeabletoaccessbankaccountsinelectronicpaymentssystemsand17fromsomeoneelse'saccounts.The18ofthistypeoffraudisnoeasytask,andanewfieldofcomputerscienceisdevelopingto19securityissues.Afurtherconcernisthattheuseofelectronicmeansofpaymentleavesanelectronic20thatcontainsalargeamountofpersonaldata.Thereareconcernsthatgovernment,employers,andmarketersmightbeabletoaccessthesedata,therebyviolatingourprivacy.1.[A]However[B]Moreover[C]Therefore[D]Otherwise2.[A]off[B]back[C]over[D]around3.[A]power[B]concept[C]history[D]role4.[A]reward[B]resist[C]resume[D]reverse5.[A]silent[B]sudden[C]slow[D]steady6.[A]for[B]against[C]with[D]on7.[A]imaginative[B]expensive[C]sensitive[D]productive8.[A]similar[B]original[C]temporary[D]dominant9.[A]collect[B]provide[C]copy[D]print10.[A]giveup[B]takeover[C]bringback[D]passdown11.[A]before[B]after[C]since[D]when12.[A]kept[B]borrowed[C]released[D]withdrawn13.[A]Unless[B]Until[C]Because