情態(tài)動詞(講師版)

情態(tài)動詞一、 分類【知識清單】【考點(diǎn)一】情態(tài)動詞的語法特征情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。He/I/theycanspeakEnglishfluently.情態(tài)動詞不能單獨(dú)做謂語，后面跟動詞原形一起做謂語。Sheswimacrosstheriver.（注意：實義動詞一般不跟動詞原形，一般接非謂語）Atruefriendshould（love）respectedandtrusted.Westudentsshouldallowedtobringcellphonetoschool.改錯）可以直接提前構(gòu)成疑問句，在后面加not構(gòu)成否定。（情態(tài)助動詞）【考點(diǎn)二】情態(tài)動詞分類只做情態(tài)動詞：must,can,could,may,might既作情態(tài)動詞又作助動詞（幫助形成時態(tài)語態(tài)的）：shall,should,will,would既作情態(tài)動詞又作實意動詞（有實際意義的動詞）：need,dare具有情態(tài)功能的詞組：usedto,haveto,hadbetter,beexpectedto,besupposedto,oughtto基本用法【知識清單】【考點(diǎn)一】canVScould1、 表“能力”can表示現(xiàn)在得能力，could表示過去的能力Eg：IcanspeakfluentEnglishnow,butIcouldn'tlastyear.注：can和beable知辨析：can只有現(xiàn)在式和過去式，而beableto有更多的形式。Eg：I'vealwayswantedtoabletospeakfluentEnglish.Thosebagslookreallyheavy,areyousureyou'llbeabletocarrythemonyourown?was/wereableto表示—經(jīng)過一番努力后做成某事"相當(dāng)于managedtodo或succeedindoingEg：Aftertheaccidentitwasalongtimebeforeshewasabletowalkagain.2、 表“允許，請求”口語中常用could代替can，使語氣更委婉Eg：Couldyoulendmeyourequipment?（班級中的清新女神的口氣）Canyoulendmeyourequipment?（班級中的女漢子的口氣）注：could用來表示請求時，語氣委婉，主要用于疑問句，不能用于肯定句，答語應(yīng)用can（外國人比較直爽，拒絕就是拒絕，不用委婉的could。Eg：一CouldIuseyourdictionary?一Yes,youcan.（否定回答可用：No,I'mafraidnot.）3、 表“猜測”（主要用于否定和疑問）肯定猜測用mustEg：Itcan'tbeeasycaringforamanandachildwhoarenotyourown.Canthemanovertherebeourheadmaster?4、 表“驚訝”譯為“怎么能”（主要用于否定句，疑問句或感嘆句）Eg：Howcanyoubesocrazy?5、 （肯）表示客觀可能性，常用來說明人或事物的特征，可翻譯為“有時會。要表達(dá)具體某事實際發(fā)生的可能性時，不用can，需用could，may，might。Eg：Asahumanbeing,anyonecanmakeamistake.I'mconfidentthatasolutioncanbefound.Hecanbeveryforgetfulsometimes.Imaystayathomethisweekend.（實際可能性）Petermightcometojoinus.（實際可能性）注：慣用形式"cannot.?.100...”表示“無論怎么 也不（過分）”Eg：Youcannotbetoocareful你越小心越好。慣用形式"cannotbut+不定式（不帶to）”表示“不得不，只好”。Eg:Icannotbutadmireherdetermination我不得不欽佩你的決心?！究键c(diǎn)二】mayVSmight1、 表示允許，請求（May比較正式、客氣，往往用于陌生人之間或正式場合，一般用于第一人稱，might更委婉）Eg： MayIsmokehere? No,youmustn't（或No,you'dbetternot.）注意：回答語比較直接。否定回答一般用mustnot/mustn't,表示“禁止、之意，但也可以用hadbetternot（最好別）或maynot（不可以），語氣較為委婉。2、 表推測（也許，可能，大概）might更委婉Eg：Itmayrainthisafternoon.3、 用于祈使句“?！盓g:Mayyoubehappy！Longmayhelive!愿他能持續(xù)住下去。Mayyouhavemanymoredaysashappyasthisone.Maysherestinpeace.愿她安息。注:與hope，wish的區(qū)別Wishsb.sth.固定搭配所以wish后必須接n.Hope（vi）+for（vt）that/todo注:慣用句式maywelldo（彳艮可能）=belikelytodomay/mightaswelldo（最好）=hadbetterEg：Youmayaswelltellusnow,we'llfindoutsoonerorlater.Hemaywellnotforgiveyou.【考點(diǎn)三】mustVShaveto1、 must主觀“一定”haveto客觀“不得不”Eg：Imuststudyhard/自己下定決心要努力學(xué)習(xí)）Ihavetostudyhard.（被家長罵了之后不得不努力學(xué)習(xí)）2、 mustn’t表“禁止”Eg:Youmustn'teatintheclassroom.注：1）否定形式：Youmustn,tgothere你不許去那里Youdon,thavetogothere你沒必要去那里2）疑問形式：非得、、、、---MustIcomebackinadvance?---Yes,youmust./No,youneedn't./youdon,thaveto.3、must表肯定猜測Eg:Youmustbeconfusedbyyourhandwriting.注：must猜測的可能性很大，may/might可能性很小?！究键c(diǎn)四】shallVSshould1>shall用于第一，三人稱表示“征求意見”要區(qū)別于will表征求常用于第二人稱willyou,may常用與第一人稱mayI（比較正式，多用于陌生人）。Eg：ShallIremovemycoat?2、 shall用于二，三人稱中表示允諾，威脅，命令，警告Eg:l.Don'tworry,youshallbeemployed.（允諾）Heshallberegretfulforitoneday,Itellyou.（警告）YoushalldoasIsay.命令）4.Ifyourchildrendon'tfinishyourhomework,youshallbepunished.（威脅）3、 shall必須（用在條約、規(guī)章、法令文件中表義務(wù)或規(guī)定一般用于第三人稱）Eg：Intrudersshallbefined.非法闖入者將遭罰款。4、 should表應(yīng)該1）.推測2）.責(zé)任Eg：Itshouldbeanicedaytomorrow.（推測）Youshouldberesponsibleforyourbaby.責(zé)任）注：oughtto表示應(yīng)該是客觀的should表主觀的Eg：Youshouldhelpthemmakeprogress.Youarehisfather.Yououghttogethimtoreceivegoodeducation.3） should表“萬一”（用在if引導(dǎo)的條件句中，一般情況不會發(fā)生，但也有發(fā)生的可能，從句謂語用should+動詞原形構(gòu)成，主句都一定用虛擬語氣）Eg：ShouldIbefreetomorrow,I'llcome.（萬一我明天有時間，我就過來）4） should表驚訝譯為“竟然”與why，who，how，what連用Eg：WhyshouldanyonewanttomarryTony?【考點(diǎn)五］willVSwould1、will表“意愿”，“請求”，“習(xí)慣”“功能譯為：能/行”Eg：Heisthemanwhowillconductother.（意愿）這個是?？键c(diǎn)NomatterwhatIsaid,hewouldn'tlistentome.（表意愿的否定）Willyoupleasetakeamessageforhim?（請求）Whenweworkedinthesameoffice,wewouldoftenhavecoffeetogether.（習(xí)慣）Thedoorwilllock.（功能）注：wouldVSusedtodowould可用來表示過去反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的動作，不能表示過去存在的狀態(tài)，另外，would是完全過去的事情，同現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系。而usedtodo表示過去常常，今非昔比Eg：Inthosedays,wheneverIhaddifficulties,IwouldturntoMr.Chenforhelp.Heusedtobeanaughtyboyandcausetrouble.【考點(diǎn)六】dareVSneed既可以用作情態(tài)動詞又可以用作實意動詞情態(tài)動詞：只用于否定與疑問前沒有do后沒有to/doing實意動詞：(needdoing=needtobedone)，過去式用needed>didyouneed?和didn'tneed，肯定式用needs/needed/need,Eg：1,—Needweleavesoon?—Yes,youmust.(No,youneedn't)Youneedn'thavehurried.Ajoblikenursingneedspatienceandunderstanding.(need+名詞，needunderstanding=needtobeunderstood,需要被理解)Doyoustillneedvolunteerstohelpcleanupaftertheparty?(needsomebodytodosomething)Theydidn'tneedtostartsoearly,(donotneedtodo)注：情態(tài)動詞+havedonemusthavedone表過去一定....mighthavedone本可能...卻沒有couldhavedone本能....卻沒有should/oughttohavedone本應(yīng)該....卻沒有needn,thavedone本不必....卻做了但是注意：might/mayhavedone和could/canhavedone可以表示對過去的推測但是可能性較小沒有must那么一定【基礎(chǔ)演練】John_(arrive)yet,orhewouldhavetelephonedme.(should'thavearrived)Why_itgetcolderwhenweclimbupamountain?Wearegettingnearertothesun!(should)3.Inmymemory,wheneverwechoseadayforapicnic,it_alwaysrainonthatday.(would)You_makemistakes,butthatisthewayyoulearnhowthingsworkandhowtomendthem.(may)-Youdidn,twaitfOrElizabethlastnight,didyou?-Yes,butwshedidn,tcomeatall.(needn,thavearrived)

【題型分類典題精講】【牛刀小試】wasreallyanxiousaboutyou.Youhomewithoutaword.A.mustn'tleave B.shouldn’thaveleftC.couldn'thaveleftD.needn'tleave 1hearyou'vegotasetofvaluablecoins.Ihavealook? Yes,certainly.DoB.MayC.ShallD.Shouldoftenseelightsinthatemptyhouse.DoyouthinkIreportittothepolice?A.shouldB.may C.willD.can——Isn'tthatAnn'shusbandoverthere?——-No,itbehim.I'msurehedoesn'twearglasses.A.can’tB.mustnotC.won'tD.maynot Tomgraduatedfromcollegeataveryyoungage. oh,hehavebeenaverysmartboythen.A.couldB.shouldC.mightD.must Idon'tmindtellingyouwhatIknow. You.I'mnotaskingyouforit.A.mustn'tB.maynotC.can'tD.needn’t［群英薈萃】一It'stheoffice!Soyouknoweatingisnotallowedhere.一Oh,sorry.A.must B.will C.may D.need2.IthavebeenTomthatparkedthecarhere,asheistheonlyonewithacar.A.may B.canC.mustD.should—Idon'tcarewhatpeoplethink.—Well,youA.couldB.wouldC.shouldD.might—Hi,Tom.AnyideawhereJaneis?—Sheintheclassroom.Isawhertherejustnow.A.shallbe B.shouldhavebeenC.mustbe D.mighthavebeencan'tleave.ShetoldmethatIstayhereuntilshecomesback.A.canB.mustC.willD.may【魚目混珠】Thisprinterisofgoodquality.Ifitbreakdownwithinthefirstyear,wewouldrepairitatourexpense.A.wouldB.shouldC.couldD.might

A.wouldB.shouldC.couldD.might三、情態(tài)動詞通關(guān)確保【題型一】單項選擇【牛刀小試】It'saverykindoffer,butIreallyacceptit.A.mustn't B.needn't C.can’tD.don'tYoupractisethedrumswhilethebabyissleeping.A.needn'tB.mightn'tC.mustn’tD.won't WillyoureadmeastoryMummy? OK.Youhaveoneifyougotobedassoonaspossible.A.might B.must C.could D.shallNoonebecomparedwithYaoMinginplayingbasketball.A.can B.need C.must D.might5.Ifyougo,atleastwaituntilthestormisover.A.canB.may C.must D.willTom,youleaveallyourclothesonthefloorlikethis!A.wouldn't B.mustn’t C.needn't D.maynotYoubuyagift,butyoucanifyouwantto.A.must B.mustn't C.haveto D.don’thavetoDoctorsaythatexerciseisimportantforhealth,butitberegularexercise.A.can B.will C.mustD.mayHerbrother beathomenow,becausehewasseenplayingbasketballinthestadiumjustnow.A.mustn't B.needn'tC.can’t D.shouldn't10.Itbethevocabularythatcausedyoutheproblemintheexercisebecauseyouknowalotofwords.A.may B.couldn’t C.should D.needn't---Theroomissodirty.wecleanit?——Ofcourse.A.Will B.Shall C.Would D.Do12.Ifyouwanttoborrowafootballafterschool,yourstudentcardhere.A.hastoleaveB.mustleaveC.hastobeleftD.mustbeleftA.hastoleaveB.mustleaveC.hastobeleftD.mustbeleft13.Youpaytoomuchattentiontoyourreadingskills,asissoimportant.D.neednotA.cannotB.should C.mustD.neednot14Seewhoisthere!itbeMay?A.May B.Must C.Can D.Will15Johnbeabasketballplayer.Heismuchtooshort.A.may B.mustn't C.can’t D.should16.TheChineseteacherlookssopale.Shebeill.A.must B.mustn't C.can D.need17.Somethingtosaveourearth.Doyouthinkso?A.cando B.mustdo C.hastodo D.mustbedoneLookatwhatyouhavedone!Youbemorecareful.A.ought B.can C.would D.should—Whatdoesthesignoverthereread?—“Nopersonsmokeorcarryalightedcigarette,cigarorpipeinthisarea：'A.will B.may C.shall D.must一youbehappy!一Thesametoyou!A.Wish B.Hope C.May D.Should【略有所成】Theyhavearrivedatlunchtimebuttheirflightwasdelayed.A.will B.can C.must D.should 1don,treallylikeJames.Whydidyouinvitehim? Don,tworry.Hecome.Hesaidhewasn,tcertainwhathisplanswere.A.mustnot B.neednot C.wouldnot D.mightnotThefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryonegetout.A.hadto B.would C.could D.wasableto4.Someyoungpeoplethesedaysjustgooutoftheirhomestocontacttherealworld.A.mustn‘t B.won’t C.mightn‘tD.shouldn't How,syournewbabysitter? Weaskforabetterone.Allourkidslovehersomuch.A.should B.might C.mustn't D.couldn’t Whydidn,tyoucometoSimon,spartylastnight? Iwantedto,butmymomsimplynotletmeoutsolateatnight.A.could B.might C.would D.shoulddidn,tseeherinthemeetingroomthismorning.Shehavespokenatthemeeting.A.mustn't B.shouldn'tC.needn't D.couldn’tJackdescribedhisfather,whoabraveboymanyyearsago,asastrong-willedman.A.wouldbe B.wouldhavebeenC.mustbe D.musthavebeenMymomsuggeststhatweeatoutforachangethisweekend.A.should B.might C.could D.would havewatchedthatmovie一it'llgivemehorribledreams.A.shouldn’tB.needn't C.couldn'tD.mustn'tll.Markhavehurried.Afterdrivingattopspeed,hearrivedhalfanhourearly.A.needn’tB.wouldn't C.mustn't D.couldn't12.Sincenobodygavehimanyhelp,he__havedonetheresearchonhisown.A.can B.must C.would D.needJeanhavekepthispromise.Iwonderwhyhechangedhisidea.

14.Somanymistakesinyourhomework!Youmorecareful.A.maybe B.hadto C.wouldbe D.shouldhavebeen---Ican,tunderstandwhyourbossislate.---Hetheearlybus.A.couldmiss B.mayhavemissedC.canhavemissedD.mightmissHehissuppernow,forthedininghallisstillclosed.A.can’tbehaving B.needn'tbehavingC.mustn'tbehaving D.shouldn'tbehavingparkedmybikebehindthebuilding,butnowitisgone.It.A.maybestolen B.mustbestolenC.musthavebeenstolenD.musthavestolenAmiddayrestrecoverbrainpowertoitsbestandmakepeopleperformbetter.A.can B.must C.may D.shall19.Ifyouhavesomethingimportanttodo,youwasteanytime.A.needn'tB.mustn’t C.maynotD.won't“Didyouscoldhimforhiscarelessness?"“Yes,butit"A.I'drathernotdoB.I’drathernothavedoneC.Ishouldn'tdoD.I'dbetternotdo“Doyouhavetoleavenow?"“Iamverysorry,butIreallyA.can'tB.haveC.should A.can'tB.haveC.should D.must“Let'sgotothelibrary,shallwe?"?"“Let'sgotothelibrary,shallwe?"?"A.No,Ican'tYes,IwillA.No,Ican'tYes,IwillC.Yes,thankyouD.No,we’dbetternot23.“CanItakeitaway?"betternot."A.shouldB.couldC.wouldC.Yes,thankyouD.No,we’dbetternot23.“CanItakeitaway?"betternot."A.shouldB.couldC.wouldD.had24.Youhavebroughtyourcamera.Theyallhadtheirswiththem.A.couldn'tB?A.couldn'tB?needn’tC.wouldn'tD.mustn't25.Ithasbeenannouncedthatcandidatesbeintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected.A.canB.willC.mayD.shallA.canB.willC.mayD.shall26,—Whyaren,ttheyhereyet?—Theythebus.A.canhavemissedB.mustbelateformayhavemissedD.shouldhavemissed【爐火純青】l.Someaspectsofapilot,sjobbeboring,andpilotsoften workatinconvenienthours.A.can;haveto B.may；canC.haveto；may D.oughtto;must 1leftmyhandbagonthetrain,butluckilysomeonegaveittoarailwayofficial. Howunbelievabletogetitback!Imean,someoneit.A.willhavestolen B.mighthavestolenC.shouldhavestolenD.musthavestolen ShallIinformhimofthechangeoftheschedulerightnow? 1amafraidyou,incasehecomeslateforthemeeting.A.willB.must C.may D.canAleftluggageofficeisaplacewherebagsbeleftforashorttime,especiallyatarailwaystation.A.should B.can C.must D.will “Youyourteacherforhelp.Heiskind-hearted.^ “Yes.Awholeday."A.canask,willwaste B.musthaveasked,hadwastedC.couldhaveasked,waswastedD.shouldn'thaveasked,wouldbewasted6.ItisusuallywarminmyhometowninMarch,butitberathercoldsometimes.A.must B.can C.should D.wouldTheteacherhavethoughtJohnsonwasworthitorshewouldn'thavewastedtimeonhim,Isuppose.A.should B.can C.would D.MustJanehavecometotheparty,butshenotfindtheexacttime.A.could;could B.might;couldC.should;could D.should;wouldThankyouforallyourhardworklastweek.Idon'tthinkweitwithoutyou.A.canmanageB.couldhavemanagedA.canmanageB.couldhavemanaged--ItissaidthatChinahasbeenamemberofWTOsince11December2001.--Well,it'swonderfulthattheChinesepeoplehavemadesomuchprogresstheseyears.A.can B.may C.might D.shouldThehotelisonlyastone,sthrowaway,youtakeabus.A.neednotto B.notneedtoC.don'tneed D.neednot12.Inmymemory,wheneverwechoseadayforapicnic,italwaysrainonthatday.A.would B.should C.can D.shallWearesorrythatyoufeeluncomfortable.A.will B.could C.must D.shouldHehadbeenknockingatthedoorforalongtime,butnoonecametoopenit.Hesaidtohimself,“Nooneindoors."A.mustbe B.canbe C.maybe D.shouldbe一Wouldyouliketowatchthevideo,inwhichyoucanseeforeignersmakingjiaoziduringtheSpringFestival?—Sure,itbeveryinteresting.A.should B.may C.can D.will【題型二】語法填空Wecan'timaginethattwochildren_bekilledbythewashingmachineoftheirhouse.2.Oneofourrulesisthateverystudent_wearschooluniformwhileatschool.You_getthemachinerepairedthisweek.Iwon'tneedituntilnextmonth.-Thesegrapeslookreallybeautiful.-They_!Seetheprice$3.99apound.Veryexpensive,aren'tthey?—Thedeadlineisdrawing,butIfail