VisualC#.NET基礎(chǔ)實(shí)踐教程

普通高等院校計(jì)算機(jī)基礎(chǔ)教育“十三五”規(guī)劃教材

VisualC#.NET基礎(chǔ)

實(shí)踐教程

主編陳海建

副主編趙國(guó)輝

內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介

本書(shū)基于MicrosoftVisualStudio2017開(kāi)發(fā)平臺(tái)，以.NETFramework4.0為基礎(chǔ)，詳

細(xì)介紹了C#編程基礎(chǔ)、流程控制、數(shù)組、界面設(shè)計(jì)、面向?qū)ο蠡A(chǔ)、程序調(diào)試與異常處

理、文件操作和簡(jiǎn)單數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)編程等內(nèi)容。本書(shū)采用模塊化結(jié)構(gòu)，每個(gè)模塊遵循“知識(shí)提

綱”、“知識(shí)導(dǎo)讀”、“任務(wù)驅(qū)動(dòng)”和“實(shí)踐提高”的路徑逐層線性遞進(jìn)，所舉案例層次分

明、簡(jiǎn)單實(shí)用，每個(gè)任務(wù)都有詳細(xì)的操作方案和操作步驟，思路清晰明了，知識(shí)點(diǎn)闡述

通俗易懂。

本書(shū)可作為高等院校計(jì)算機(jī)及相關(guān)專(zhuān)業(yè)的教材，也可作為計(jì)算機(jī)培訓(xùn)教材，同時(shí)還

可作為無(wú)基礎(chǔ)又想快速掌握C#編程的初學(xué)者的自學(xué)用書(shū)。

圖書(shū)在版編目（CIP）數(shù)據(jù)

VisualC#.NET基礎(chǔ)實(shí)踐教程/陳海建主編.—北京：

中國(guó)鐵道出版社有限公司，2019.11

普通高等院校計(jì)算機(jī)基礎(chǔ)教育“十三五”規(guī)劃教材

ISBN978-7-113-25899-3

Ⅰ.①V…Ⅱ.①陳…Ⅲ.①C語(yǔ)言-程序設(shè)計(jì)-高等

學(xué)校-教材Ⅳ.①TP312.8

中國(guó)版本圖書(shū)館CIP數(shù)據(jù)核字(2019)第174572號(hào)

書(shū)名：VisualC#.NET基礎(chǔ)實(shí)踐教程

作者：陳海建

策劃：曹莉群編輯部電話2003

責(zé)任編輯：劉麗麗

封面設(shè)計(jì)：付巍

責(zé)任校對(duì)：張玉華

責(zé)任印制：郭向偉

出版發(fā)行：中國(guó)鐵道出版社有限公司（100054，北京市西城區(qū)右安門(mén)西街8號(hào)）

網(wǎng)址：/51eds/

印刷：北京鑫正大印刷有限公司

版次：2019年11月第1版2019年11月第1次印刷

開(kāi)本：787mm×1092mm1/16印張：17.5字?jǐn)?shù)：386千

書(shū)號(hào)：ISBN978-7-113-25899-3

定價(jià)：45.80元

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打擊盜版舉報(bào)電話：（010）51873659

前言

.NET是一個(gè)面向未來(lái)的高度集成的技術(shù)平臺(tái)。近些年，它由封閉走向開(kāi)放、開(kāi)

源，擁抱多平臺(tái)、多技術(shù)，提供平臺(tái)化的技術(shù)方案開(kāi)放的開(kāi)源社區(qū)。.NET的開(kāi)發(fā)速

度以及效率是所有平臺(tái)無(wú)法與之相比的，這使得越來(lái)越多的企業(yè)紛紛使用.NET技術(shù)

開(kāi)發(fā)，還有部分企業(yè)把原有的開(kāi)發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)移到了.NET平臺(tái)，使.NET開(kāi)發(fā)及應(yīng)用變得空前

廣泛。

VisualC#.NET是微軟公司推出的.NET開(kāi)發(fā)平臺(tái)上一種面向?qū)ο蟮木幊陶Z(yǔ)言。利

用這種面向?qū)ο蟮目梢暬幊陶Z(yǔ)言，結(jié)合事件驅(qū)動(dòng)的模塊設(shè)計(jì)，可以使程序設(shè)計(jì)變

得高效快捷。VisualStudio2017是一套完整的工具，用于生成高性能的Windows桌

面應(yīng)用程序和企業(yè)級(jí)Web應(yīng)用程序。

本書(shū)詳細(xì)介紹了C#編程基礎(chǔ)、流程控制、數(shù)組、界面設(shè)計(jì)、面向?qū)ο蠡A(chǔ)、程

序調(diào)試與異常處理、文件操作和簡(jiǎn)單數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)編程等內(nèi)容。本書(shū)采用模塊化結(jié)構(gòu)，每

個(gè)模塊遵循“知識(shí)提綱”、“知識(shí)導(dǎo)讀”、“任務(wù)驅(qū)動(dòng)”和“實(shí)踐提高”的路徑逐層

線性遞進(jìn)，所舉案例層次分明、簡(jiǎn)單實(shí)用，每個(gè)任務(wù)都有詳細(xì)的操作方案和操作步

驟，思路清晰明了，知識(shí)點(diǎn)闡述通俗易懂。全書(shū)分為10個(gè)模塊，各模塊具體內(nèi)容

如下：

模塊一導(dǎo)學(xué)，主要講解VisualC#.NET的系統(tǒng)集成開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境和基本操作知識(shí)，

以及如何搭建開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境。

模塊二C#的編程基礎(chǔ)，主要講解窗體（Form）、基本控件的使用、數(shù)據(jù)類(lèi)型

及轉(zhuǎn)換、運(yùn)算符與表達(dá)式、運(yùn)算符的優(yōu)先級(jí)、常用函數(shù)。

模塊三流程控制，主要講解選擇結(jié)構(gòu)、循環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)以及它們之間的嵌套結(jié)構(gòu)，

中斷控制語(yǔ)句，選擇控件的使用。

模塊四數(shù)組，主要講解數(shù)組的概念、特點(diǎn)和引用，重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)組的遍歷和

應(yīng)用。

模塊五界面設(shè)計(jì)，主要講解用戶(hù)界面設(shè)計(jì)中的一些美化的高級(jí)控件，包括：

菜單、工具欄、狀態(tài)欄、對(duì)話框等，同時(shí)介紹了通用對(duì)話框、MDI界面設(shè)計(jì)。

模塊六面向?qū)ο蠡A(chǔ)，主要講解面向?qū)ο蟪绦蛟O(shè)計(jì)的基本概念，類(lèi)的定義及

成員，對(duì)象的創(chuàng)建和使用，繼承、接口的定義及實(shí)現(xiàn)。

模塊七程序調(diào)試與異常處理，主要講解C#.NET程序調(diào)試的方法、軟件測(cè)試

原理、非結(jié)構(gòu)化異常處理和結(jié)構(gòu)化異常處理。

模塊八文件操作，主要講解文件和流的基本概念，文件存儲(chǔ)管理操作，文件

流的操作。

VisualC#.NET基礎(chǔ)實(shí)踐教程

模塊九簡(jiǎn)單數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)編程，主要講解數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)基礎(chǔ)，SQL基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，ADO.NET數(shù)

據(jù)庫(kù)訪問(wèn)、數(shù)據(jù)綁定和數(shù)據(jù)綁定控件。

模塊十綜合實(shí)例，結(jié)合前面所學(xué)內(nèi)容，搭建“學(xué)生成績(jī)管理”系統(tǒng)。

本書(shū)由陳海建任主編，趙國(guó)輝任副主編，參加編寫(xiě)的有梁正禮、黃曉冬。其中

陳海建編寫(xiě)模塊一、模塊九和模塊十，趙國(guó)輝編寫(xiě)模塊四、模塊五和模塊七，梁正

禮編寫(xiě)模塊二和模塊六，黃曉冬編寫(xiě)模塊三和模塊八。全書(shū)由趙國(guó)輝修訂、審稿和

校對(duì)，陳海建完成統(tǒng)稿。

在本書(shū)的編寫(xiě)過(guò)程中，編者參閱了大量的文獻(xiàn)資料，在此向這些文獻(xiàn)的作者表

示深深的敬意和謝意！

本書(shū)所有內(nèi)容和思想凝聚了眾多教師的心得并經(jīng)過(guò)充分的提煉和總結(jié)，雖然我

們力求完美，但由于時(shí)間倉(cāng)促，編者水平有限，書(shū)中難免存在疏漏和不足之處，敬

請(qǐng)廣大讀者不吝賜教，編者的E-mail地址：chenhaijian@。

編者

2019年5月

目錄

模塊一導(dǎo)學(xué)......................................................................................................1

知識(shí)提綱....................................................................................................................1

知識(shí)導(dǎo)讀....................................................................................................................1

一、C#介紹......................................................................................................1

二、VisualStudio2017的集成開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境簡(jiǎn)介...................................................2

三、.NETFramework與面向?qū)ο缶幊?............................................................4

任務(wù)驅(qū)動(dòng)....................................................................................................................6

任務(wù)一安裝VisualStudio2017開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境......................................................6

任務(wù)二用VisualStudio2017創(chuàng)建第一個(gè)應(yīng)用程序......................................12

任務(wù)三創(chuàng)建一個(gè)C#控制臺(tái)程序...................................................................16

實(shí)踐提高..................................................................................................................16

實(shí)踐一編寫(xiě)“關(guān)于”窗口............................................................................17

實(shí)踐二編寫(xiě)“輸入姓名并顯示歡迎詞”的控制臺(tái)應(yīng)用程序.............................17

理論鞏固..................................................................................................................18

模塊小結(jié)..................................................................................................................19

模塊二C#編程基礎(chǔ).........................................................................................20

知識(shí)提綱..................................................................................................................20

知識(shí)導(dǎo)讀..................................................................................................................20

一、標(biāo)識(shí)符與關(guān)鍵字.......................................................................................20

二、窗體.........................................................................................................21

三、三種基本控件..........................................................................................22

四、C#的數(shù)據(jù)類(lèi)型..........................................................................................25

五、數(shù)據(jù)類(lèi)型的轉(zhuǎn)換.......................................................................................27

六、常量與變量..............................................................................................28

七、運(yùn)算符與表達(dá)式.......................................................................................30

任務(wù)驅(qū)動(dòng)..................................................................................................................35

任務(wù)一基本控件的應(yīng)用...............................................................................35

任務(wù)二數(shù)據(jù)類(lèi)型轉(zhuǎn)換...................................................................................36

任務(wù)三變量與常量的應(yīng)用............................................................................37

I

VisualC#.NET基礎(chǔ)實(shí)踐教程

任務(wù)四求一個(gè)四位整數(shù)的各位數(shù)之和.........................................................38

任務(wù)五判斷閏年..........................................................................................39

任務(wù)六字符串處理......................................................................................39

實(shí)踐提高..................................................................................................................41

實(shí)踐一文本復(fù)制..........................................................................................41

實(shí)踐二求圓的直徑......................................................................................41

實(shí)踐三四位整數(shù)數(shù)位倒置（3種方法）.......................................................42

實(shí)踐四奇偶性判斷......................................................................................42

實(shí)踐五子字符串截取...................................................................................43

理論鞏固..................................................................................................................43

模塊小結(jié)..................................................................................................................45

模塊三流程控制.............................................................................................46

知識(shí)提綱..................................................................................................................46

知識(shí)導(dǎo)讀..................................................................................................................46

一、流程控制結(jié)構(gòu)..........................................................................................46

二、順序結(jié)構(gòu)..................................................................................................47

三、選擇結(jié)構(gòu)..................................................................................................47

四、循環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)..................................................................................................57

五、常用控件和組件.......................................................................................65

任務(wù)驅(qū)動(dòng)..................................................................................................................70

任務(wù)一儲(chǔ)戶(hù)取現(xiàn)票面換算............................................................................70

任務(wù)二2個(gè)浮點(diǎn)數(shù)求最大值.........................................................................72

任務(wù)三商家促銷(xiāo)打折付款計(jì)算....................................................................73

任務(wù)四求整數(shù)n到m之間偶數(shù)之和............................................................76

任務(wù)五簡(jiǎn)單計(jì)算器......................................................................................77

任務(wù)六學(xué)生選課程序（單選按鈕和復(fù)選框）...............................................79

任務(wù)七簡(jiǎn)單相冊(cè)..........................................................................................82

實(shí)踐提高..................................................................................................................84

實(shí)踐一求一個(gè)任意位整數(shù)的各位數(shù)之和......................................................84

實(shí)踐二4個(gè)數(shù)字求最小................................................................................84

實(shí)踐三更改窗體顏色...................................................................................84

實(shí)踐四調(diào)查表..............................................................................................85

實(shí)踐五分類(lèi)統(tǒng)計(jì)字符個(gè)數(shù)............................................................................85

實(shí)踐六求前n項(xiàng)的斐波那契數(shù)列.................................................................86

理論鞏固..................................................................................................................86

II

目錄

模塊小結(jié)..................................................................................................................89

模塊四數(shù)組....................................................................................................90

知識(shí)提綱..................................................................................................................90

知識(shí)導(dǎo)讀..................................................................................................................90

一、數(shù)組的概念..............................................................................................90

二、一維數(shù)組..................................................................................................90

三、二維數(shù)組和多維數(shù)組...............................................................................91

四、數(shù)組常用的屬性及方法............................................................................93

五、集合.........................................................................................................94

任務(wù)驅(qū)動(dòng)..................................................................................................................96

任務(wù)一使用一維數(shù)組處理數(shù)字中的極值......................................................96

任務(wù)二一維數(shù)組處理反序輸出....................................................................97

任務(wù)三求二維數(shù)組中的最大值....................................................................98

任務(wù)四“冒泡”法排序.............................................................................100

任務(wù)五數(shù)組常用方法的使用......................................................................102

實(shí)踐提高.................................................................................................................104

實(shí)踐一一維數(shù)組處理平均值......................................................................104

實(shí)踐二求二維數(shù)組平均值..........................................................................105

實(shí)踐三學(xué)生成績(jī)調(diào)查統(tǒng)計(jì)..........................................................................105

理論鞏固.................................................................................................................106

模塊小結(jié).................................................................................................................108

模塊五界面設(shè)計(jì)...........................................................................................109

知識(shí)提綱.................................................................................................................109

知識(shí)導(dǎo)讀.................................................................................................................109

一、分組框控件............................................................................................109

二、列表框控件............................................................................................109

三、組合框控件............................................................................................110

四、圖像列表控件........................................................................................111

五、樹(shù)狀控件................................................................................................111

六、日期/時(shí)間控件.......................................................................................112

七、計(jì)時(shí)器控件............................................................................................113

八、菜單設(shè)計(jì)................................................................................................113

九、工具欄控件............................................................................................116

十、狀態(tài)欄控件............................................................................................117

III

VisualC#.NET基礎(chǔ)實(shí)踐教程

十一、文件對(duì)話框控件.................................................................................118

十二、字體對(duì)話框控件.................................................................................118

十三、顏色對(duì)話框控件.................................................................................119

十四、窗體界面布局.....................................................................................119

十五、對(duì)象焦點(diǎn)............................................................................................120

十六、多窗體程序設(shè)計(jì).................................................................................121

十七、MDI界面程序設(shè)計(jì).............................................................................123

十八、鍵盤(pán)和鼠標(biāo)操作.................................................................................124

任務(wù)驅(qū)動(dòng).................................................................................................................130

任務(wù)一RadioButton、CheckBox、Panel和GroupBox的應(yīng)用.....................130

任務(wù)二ListBox和ComboBox的應(yīng)用.........................................................132

任務(wù)三利用單、復(fù)選按鈕等控件進(jìn)行字體設(shè)置.........................................135

任務(wù)四樹(shù)狀控件的應(yīng)用.............................................................................137

任務(wù)五通用對(duì)話框設(shè)置.............................................................................139

任務(wù)六MDI程序設(shè)計(jì)................................................................................141

任務(wù)七鍵盤(pán)操作........................................................................................142

實(shí)踐提高.................................................................................................................144

實(shí)踐一圖像列表控件.................................................................................144

實(shí)踐二調(diào)查表............................................................................................144

實(shí)踐三顏色對(duì)話框控件.............................................................................145

實(shí)踐四鼠標(biāo)事件........................................................................................146

理論鞏固.................................................................................................................146

模塊小結(jié).................................................................................................................148

模塊六面向?qū)ο蠡A(chǔ)....................................................................................149

知識(shí)提綱.................................................................................................................149

知識(shí)導(dǎo)讀.................................................................................................................149

一、面向?qū)ο蟪绦蛟O(shè)計(jì)的基本概念...............................................................149

二、類(lèi)的定義................................................................................................150

三、類(lèi)的成員................................................................................................151

四、對(duì)象的創(chuàng)建與使用.................................................................................154

五、構(gòu)造方法與析構(gòu)方法.............................................................................155

六、繼承.......................................................................................................156

七、接口.......................................................................................................158

任務(wù)驅(qū)動(dòng).................................................................................................................159

任務(wù)一類(lèi)的定義與創(chuàng)建對(duì)象......................................................................159

IV

目錄

任務(wù)二類(lèi)的屬性與構(gòu)造方法......................................................................161

任務(wù)三方法參數(shù)傳遞的應(yīng)用......................................................................164

任務(wù)四類(lèi)的繼承........................................................................................165

任務(wù)五接口的實(shí)現(xiàn)....................................................................................168

實(shí)踐提高.................................................................................................................171

實(shí)踐一共有字段與對(duì)象的使用..................................................................171

實(shí)踐二屬性與構(gòu)造方法的使用..................................................................172

實(shí)踐三父類(lèi)與子類(lèi)....................................................................................173

實(shí)踐四接口的定義與實(shí)現(xiàn)..........................................................................174

理論鞏固.................................................................................................................175

模塊小結(jié).................................................................................................................178

模塊七程序調(diào)試與異常處理..........................................................................179

知識(shí)提綱.................................................................................................................179

知識(shí)導(dǎo)讀.................................................................................................................179

一、程序錯(cuò)誤................................................................................................179

二、語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤................................................................................................179

三、運(yùn)行時(shí)錯(cuò)誤............................................................................................180

四、邏輯錯(cuò)誤................................................................................................180

五、程序調(diào)試................................................................................................181

六、程序調(diào)試前的設(shè)置.................................................................................181

七、斷點(diǎn)的使用............................................................................................182

八、控制程序的執(zhí)行.....................................................................................183

九、監(jiān)視和檢查數(shù)據(jù)的值.............................................................................183

十、人工查找錯(cuò)誤........................................................................................185

十一、異常處理............................................................................................185

十二、異常類(lèi)................................................................................................186

十三、引發(fā)異常............................................................................................186

十四、異常捕捉及處理.................................................................................187

任務(wù)驅(qū)動(dòng).................................................................................................................188

任務(wù)一運(yùn)行時(shí)異常....................................................................................188

任務(wù)二被零除異常....................................................................................189

任務(wù)三用try…catch結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行異常處理.....................................................190

任務(wù)四用try…catch…finally結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行異常處理........................................191

實(shí)踐提高.................................................................................................................192

實(shí)踐一使用try、catch和finally關(guān)鍵字定義異常.....................................192

V

VisualC#.NET基礎(chǔ)實(shí)踐教程

實(shí)踐二用try…catch…finally結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行異常處理........................................193

實(shí)踐三用戶(hù)自定義異常.............................................................................193

理論鞏固.................................................................................................................194

模塊小結(jié).................................................................................................................196

模塊八文件操作...........................................................................................197

知識(shí)提綱.................................................................................................................197

知識(shí)導(dǎo)讀.................................................................................................................197

一、文件和流................................................................................................197

二、文件的存儲(chǔ)管理.....................................................................................198

三、文件流的操作........................................................................................205

四、通用對(duì)話框............................................................................................210

任務(wù)驅(qū)動(dòng).................................................................................................................211

任務(wù)一對(duì)指定文件夾中的文件進(jìn)行分類(lèi)存儲(chǔ).............................................211

任務(wù)二簡(jiǎn)易記事本....................................................................................213

實(shí)踐提高.................................................................................................................215

實(shí)踐一登錄日志........................................................................................215

實(shí)踐二信息錄入及查詢(xún).............................................................................216

理論鞏固.................................................................................................................216

模塊小結(jié).................................................................................................................218

模塊九簡(jiǎn)單數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)編程.................................................................................219

知識(shí)提綱.................................................................................................................219

知識(shí)導(dǎo)讀.................................................................................................................219

一、數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)基礎(chǔ)............................................................................................219

二、SQL基礎(chǔ)...............................................................................................220

三、ADO.NET簡(jiǎn)介......................................................................................221

四、ADO.NET數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)訪問(wèn)技術(shù)....................................................................221

五、ASP.NET數(shù)據(jù)綁定技術(shù).........................................................................221

六、數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)綁定控件.....................................................................................221

任務(wù)驅(qū)動(dòng).................................................................................................................222

任務(wù)一數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的創(chuàng)建及刪除......................................................................222

任務(wù)二數(shù)據(jù)表的創(chuàng)建及刪除......................................................................223

任務(wù)三簡(jiǎn)單SQL語(yǔ)句的應(yīng)用.....................................................................224

任務(wù)四連接數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)：Connection對(duì)象........................................................229

任務(wù)五執(zhí)行SQL語(yǔ)句：Command對(duì)象.....................................................232

VI

目錄

任務(wù)六讀取數(shù)據(jù)：DataReader對(duì)象...........................................................234

任務(wù)七顯示數(shù)據(jù)：DataGridView控件.......................................................235

實(shí)踐提高..........................................................