電氣自動(dòng)化技術(shù)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)

“十三五”高等教育機(jī)電類專業(yè)規(guī)劃教材

電氣自動(dòng)化技術(shù)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)

ElectricalAutomationTechnologyEnglish

姚薇錢玲玲主編

電氣自動(dòng)化技術(shù)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)（第二版）.indd12020-8-2615:13:29

內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介

本書(shū)以提升電氣自動(dòng)化技術(shù)、機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)等相關(guān)崗位專業(yè)英語(yǔ)技能為目標(biāo)，以學(xué)

生容易看懂的英文圖紙、軟件界面、設(shè)備操作面板、設(shè)備說(shuō)明書(shū)、企業(yè)官網(wǎng)與產(chǎn)品宣傳手

冊(cè)為教學(xué)內(nèi)容，使專業(yè)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)簡(jiǎn)單化、實(shí)用化，有助于學(xué)生進(jìn)行本專業(yè)技能的拓展與提升。

本書(shū)主要內(nèi)容包括基本電路、集成電路、電氣控制技術(shù)應(yīng)用、傳感檢測(cè)技術(shù)應(yīng)用、PLC、

變頻器、氣動(dòng)系統(tǒng)設(shè)備、電力系統(tǒng)裝置、智能控制、機(jī)床、典型機(jī)電控制設(shè)備（機(jī)器人、電梯）等。

本書(shū)采用由淺入深的方式安排內(nèi)容，循序漸進(jìn)地引導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)行專業(yè)英語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)，以掌握

必要知識(shí)和學(xué)習(xí)方法，從而促進(jìn)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)能力的提升。

本書(shū)適合作為高等職業(yè)院校電氣自動(dòng)化技術(shù)、機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)等專業(yè)的教材，也可作為

相關(guān)專業(yè)人員的參考書(shū)。

圖書(shū)在版編目（CIP）數(shù)據(jù)

電氣自動(dòng)化技術(shù)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)/姚薇,錢玲玲主編.—2版.—北京：

中國(guó)鐵道出版社有限公司,2020.8

“十三五”高等教育機(jī)電類專業(yè)規(guī)劃教材

ISBN978-7-113-27166-4

Ⅰ.①電…Ⅱ.①姚…②錢…Ⅲ.①電氣化-自動(dòng)化技術(shù)-英語(yǔ)-

高等學(xué)校-教材Ⅳ.①TM92

中國(guó)版本圖書(shū)館CIP數(shù)據(jù)核字(2020)第147413號(hào)

書(shū)名：電氣自動(dòng)化技術(shù)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)

作者：姚?薇?錢玲玲

策劃：王春霞編輯部電話：（010）63551006

責(zé)任編輯：王春霞?繩?超

封面設(shè)計(jì)：付?巍

封面制作：劉?穎

責(zé)任校對(duì)：張玉華

責(zé)任印制：樊啟鵬

出版發(fā)行：中國(guó)鐵道出版社有限公司（100054，北京市西城區(qū)右安門西街8號(hào)）

網(wǎng)址：/51eds/

印刷：中煤（北京）印務(wù)有限公司

版次：2013年8月第1版?2020年8月第2版?2020年8月第1次印刷

開(kāi)本：787?mm×1?092?mm?1/16?印張：11?字?jǐn)?shù)：263千

書(shū)號(hào)：ISBN978-7-113-27166-4

定價(jià)：32.00元

版權(quán)所有侵權(quán)必究

凡購(gòu)買鐵道版圖書(shū)，如有印制質(zhì)量問(wèn)題，請(qǐng)與本社教材圖書(shū)營(yíng)銷部聯(lián)系調(diào)換。電話：（010）63550836

打擊盜版舉報(bào)電話：（010）51873659

電氣自動(dòng)化技術(shù)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)（第二版）.indd22020-8-2616:47:11

FOREWORD前言

本書(shū)以提升電氣自動(dòng)化技術(shù)、機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)等相關(guān)崗位專業(yè)英語(yǔ)技

能為目標(biāo)確定教學(xué)模塊，結(jié)合技術(shù)發(fā)展動(dòng)態(tài)和技術(shù)綜合應(yīng)用，組織英文

內(nèi)容，具有較強(qiáng)的專業(yè)針對(duì)性；以學(xué)生能夠看懂的英文圖紙、軟件界面、

設(shè)備操作面板、設(shè)備說(shuō)明書(shū)、企業(yè)官網(wǎng)與產(chǎn)品宣傳手冊(cè)為教學(xué)內(nèi)容，使

專業(yè)英語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)簡(jiǎn)單化、實(shí)用化。本書(shū)最大限度地吸納項(xiàng)目化的教學(xué)理

念，實(shí)現(xiàn)了專業(yè)技術(shù)和專業(yè)英語(yǔ)的有機(jī)融合。全書(shū)從簡(jiǎn)單的電工電子元件、

儀表設(shè)備入手，涉及工業(yè)控制設(shè)備的產(chǎn)品手冊(cè)、系統(tǒng)構(gòu)造規(guī)則等，以圖

片的形式呈現(xiàn)，簡(jiǎn)單易學(xué)。

本書(shū)分為6章，共19個(gè)單元。電路理論基礎(chǔ)模塊主要是以圖文并茂

的形式介紹元器件、儀表、參數(shù)等英文表述；電氣控制系統(tǒng)、工業(yè)控制系

統(tǒng)模塊兼顧專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)理論知識(shí)，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生理解設(shè)備的安裝和閱讀產(chǎn)品手

冊(cè)的能力；電力系統(tǒng)保護(hù)模塊主要使學(xué)生掌握電力保護(hù)裝置的產(chǎn)品名稱；

機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)模塊主要使學(xué)生了解典型機(jī)電設(shè)備各部件的英文描述；拓

展部分選取了相關(guān)閱讀材料，可提高學(xué)生閱讀英文文獻(xiàn)的能力。

本書(shū)相較于第一版在內(nèi)容選取上涉及自動(dòng)應(yīng)用的多個(gè)領(lǐng)域，增加了機(jī)

器人、電梯這些典型的自動(dòng)化設(shè)備的內(nèi)容，同時(shí)介紹了其行業(yè)的優(yōu)秀企業(yè)。

教師可根據(jù)專業(yè)實(shí)際和課時(shí)數(shù)自由選取合適的單元組織教學(xué)內(nèi)容。

本書(shū)由姚薇、錢玲玲主編，并負(fù)責(zé)全書(shū)內(nèi)容的選取與構(gòu)架安排。王超、

薛嵐在本書(shū)的編寫(xiě)中提出了寶貴意見(jiàn)，特此感謝。

由于編者水平有限，書(shū)中難免存在不足和疏漏之處，敬請(qǐng)讀者批評(píng)指正。

編者

2020年2月

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電氣自動(dòng)化技術(shù)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)（第二版）.indd22020-8-2615:13:29

CONTENTS??目錄

CONTENTS目錄

CHAPTER1?CircuitTheoryFundamentals

Unit1?ElectricalCircuitry

ExtensionMaterials6

Self-Test6

NewWordsandPhrases7

Unit2?Electronics

ExtensionMaterials11

Self-Test11

NewWordsandPhrases12

CHAPTER2?ElectricControlSystem

Unit3?ElectricMotors

ExtensionMaterials20

Self-Test22

NewWordsandPhrases23

Unit4?ElectricalControlSystem

ExtensionMaterials28

Self-Test29

NewWordsandPhrases30

I

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電氣自動(dòng)化技術(shù)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)

CHAPTER3?IndustrialControlSystem

Unit5?ControlSystem

ExtensionMaterials36

Self-Test37

NewWordsandPhrases38

Unit6?FundamentalsandApplicationofSensors

ExtensionMaterials43

Self-Test44

NewWordsandPhrases44

Unit7?Inverter

ExtensionMaterials52

Self-Test53

NewWordsandPhrases54

Unit8?ProgrammableLogicController

ExtensionMaterials58

Self-Test62

NewWordsandPhrases62

Unit9?PneumaticControlSystem

ExtensionMaterials68

Self-Test74

NewWordsandPhrases74

II

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CONTENTS??目錄

CHAPTER4?PowerSystemProtection

Unit10?PowerSystemProtection

ExtensionMaterials82

Self-Test85

NewWordsandPhrases85

CHAPTER5?MechatronicsTechnology

Unit11?Mechatronics

ExtensionMaterials92

Self-Test95

NewWordsandPhrases95

Unit12?MachineTools

ExtensionMaterials101

Self-Test104

NewWordsandPhrases104

Unit13?Elevator

ExtensionMaterials116

Self-Test118

NewWordsandPhrases119

Unit14?Robot

ExtensionMaterials131

Self-Test133

III

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電氣自動(dòng)化技術(shù)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)

NewWordsandPhrase134

CHAPTER6?Expansion

Unit15?PIDControllers

NewWordsandPhrases140

AnalyzetheFollowingSentences141

Translation142

Unit16?CADandCAM

NewWordsandPhrases150

AnalyzetheFollowingSentences151

Translation152

Unit17?EngineeringDrawings

NewWordsandPhrases156

AnalyzetheFollowingSentences157

Translation157

Unit18?WisdomFactory

NewWordsandPhrases161

AnalyzetheFollowingSentences162

Translation162

Unit19?Industry4.0

NewWordsandPhrases165

AnalyzetheFollowingSentences166

Translation166

Reference

IV

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CHAPTER1

CircuitTheory

Fundamentals

Objectives:

(1)Explainhowthecurrentflows.

(2)Listsomebasicelectroniccomponents.

(3)Knoweachcomponentinapowersupplies.

(4)Listtheapplicationofelectronics.

(5)Differentiatebetweenanaloganddigitalelectronics.

(6)Describedifferentlogicgates.

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CHAPTER1?CircuitTheoryFundamentals

Unit1

ElectricalCircuitry

1.Threebasicpropertiesusedinelectricalcircuits

Allcomponentsusedinelectricalcircuitshavethreebasicproperties,knownascapacitance,

inductanceandresistance,asshowninFigure1.1.Inmostcases,however,oneoftheseproperties

willbefarmoreprevalentthantheothertwo.

1)Resistance

Thatcharacteristicofamediumopposestheflowofelectricalcurrentthroughitself.

2)Capacitance

Thepropertyofacomponentistoopposeanychangeinvoltageacrossitsterminals,by

storingandreleasingenergyinaninternalelectricfield.

3)Inductance

Thepropertyofacomponentistoopposeanychangeincurrentthroughitself,bystoringand

releasingenergyinamagneticfieldsurroundingitself.

ResistorVoltmeters

Ammeters

R80V

A1

V1V2

5A

A0

XC

A2RX

LInductor

V0

5ACapacitor100V

SourceSource

（a）RCcircuit（b）RLcircuit

Figure1.1Basiccircuits

Asyoumightexpect,componentswhosemainpropertyisresistancearecalledresistors;

thosethatexhibitcapacitancearecalledcapacitors,andtheonesthatprimarilyhaveinductance

arecalledinductors.

1)Resistor

Asyoucouldprobablyguessfromthename,aresistorincreasestheresistanceofcircuit.The

mainpurposeofthisistoreducetheflowofelectricityinacircuit.Resistorscomeinalldifferent

shapesandsizes,asshowninFigure1.2.

2

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Unit1??ElectricalCircuitry

2)Capacitor

Acapacitorisacomponentmadefromtwo(ortwosetsof)conductiveplateswithaninsulator

betweenthem.Theinsulatorpreventstheplatesfromtouching.Thestrengthofacapacitoris

calledcapacitanceandismeasuredinFarads(F).Theyareusedinallsortsofelectroniccircuits,

especiallycombinedwithresistorsandinductors,andarecommonlyfoundinPCs,asshownin

Figure1.3.

(a)Adjustableresistors(b)Colorringresistors(c)Cementresistor

(d)Piezoresistor(e)Thermistor(f)Photoresistor

Figure1.2Variousresistors

(a)Electrolyticcapacitor(b)Circuitboard

Figure1.3Applicationofthecapacitor

3

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CHAPTER1?CircuitTheoryFundamentals

3)Inductor

Aninductorisessentiallyacoilofwire.Whencurrentflowsthroughaninductor,amagnetic

fieldiscreated,andtheinductorwillstorethismagneticenergyuntilitisreleased.Insomeways,

aninductoristheoppositeofacapacitor.Thestrengthofaninductoriscalled,takeawildguess,

itsinductance,andismeasuredinHenrys(H).ApictureofdifferentinductorsasshowninFigure1.4.

Figure1.4Apictureofdifferentinductors

2.Theconsistofabasictypeofelectriccircuit

1)Source

Thesourcecanbeanysourceofelectricalenergy.Inpractice,therearethreegeneral

possibilities:itcanbeabattery,anelectricalgenerator,orsomesortofelectronicpowersupply,as

showninFigure1.5.

(a)Batteries(b)Anelectricalgenerator(c)DCregulatedpowersupply

Figure1.5Sourceofelectricalenergy

2)Load

Theloadisanydeviceorcircuitpoweredbyelectricity.Itcanbeassimpleasalightbulbor

ascomplexasamodernhigh-speedcomputer,asshowninFigure1.6.

(a)Alightbulb(b)Industrialcontrolequipment(c)Amodernhigh-speedcomputer

Figure1.6Loadfordifferentpurposes

4

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Unit1??ElectricalCircuitry

3.Thephysicalcharacteristicsofthecircuit

Theelectricityprovidedbythesourcehastwobasiccharacteristics,calledvoltageand

current.Thesearedefinedasfollows:

1)Voltage

Theelectrical“pressure”thatcausesfreeelectronstotravelthroughanelectricalcircuit,is

knownaselectromotiveforce(EMF).Itismeasuredinvoltsbyvoltmeter,asshowninFigure1.7.

Figure1.7Voltmeters

2)Current

Theamountofelectricalcharge(thenumberoffreeelectrons)movingpastagivenpointin

anelectricalcircuitperunitoftimeiscalledcurrent.Currentismeasuredinamperesbyammeter,

asshowninFigure1.8.

Figure1.8Ammeter

Theload,inturn,hasacharacteristiccalledresistance.Thecharacteristicofamedium

opposestheflowofelectricalcurrentthroughitself.Resistanceismeasuredinohmsbyohmmeter,

asshowninFigure1.9andFigure1.10.

5

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CHAPTER1?CircuitTheoryFundamentals

Figure1.9OhmmeterFigure1.10Multimeter

ExtensionMaterials

Attentionintheuseofelectrolyticcapacitor

(1)Ifunclearorunknownofpolarityofcircuitindication.Nonpolarcapacitoris

recommendedtobeused.

(2)Electrolyticcapacitorsshouldnotbeusedattheenvironmentaltemperaturewhich

exceedingtherangeofspecifiedoperatingtemperature.

(3)Electrolyticcapacitorsshouldbestoredinlowtemperatureanddryplace,ifstoredinlong

time,re-agingprocesswithratedvoltagemustbetakenpriortousecapacitor.

(4)Heatersofhightemperature,suchaselectricirons,shouldbekeptawayfromthevinyl

insulationsleeveofcapacitorwhichtoavoidthecausemadeoverheatorbreakdowntosleeve.

(5)Ifexcessiveforceisappliedtotheleadwiresorterminals,theinsideconstructionof

capacitorshouldbedestroyed.

電解電容器使用注意事項(xiàng)

（1）在電路回路中如不清楚或不明確線路的極性時(shí)，則建議使用無(wú)極性電解電容器。

（2）電解電容器的工作環(huán)境溫度不能超過(guò)規(guī)定的使用溫度范圍。

（3）電解電容器應(yīng)儲(chǔ)存于低溫及干燥場(chǎng)所，如儲(chǔ)存期較長(zhǎng)，則使用前應(yīng)用額定電壓對(duì)其重

新校驗(yàn)。

（4）電烙鐵等高溫發(fā)熱裝置應(yīng)與電解電容器塑料外殼保持適當(dāng)?shù)木嚯x，以防止過(guò)熱造成塑

料套管破裂。

（5）對(duì)導(dǎo)線、端子，如施加超過(guò)規(guī)定的力，將會(huì)破壞電解電容器的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)。

Self-Test

(1)Fillintheblankswiththeinformationinthereadingmaterial.

①Componentswhosemainpropertyisresistancearecalled;thosethatexhibit

capacitancearecalled;andtheonesthatprimarilyhaveinductancearecalled.

6

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Unit1??ElectricalCircuitry

②Theelectricityprovidedbythesourcehastwobasiccharacteristics,calledand

.

③Electromotiveforce(EMF)ismeasuredin;currentismeasuredin;

resistanceismeasuredin.

(2)Findtherightdescriptionandconnecttoit.

voltmeterelectricironammetermultimeter

NewWordsandPhrases

resistancen.阻力；電阻，熱阻；抗力；抵抗力

resistorn.電阻器

capacitancen.電容，電容量

capacitorn.電容器；電容

inductancen.電感；感應(yīng)系數(shù)；自感應(yīng)

inductorn.電感器

piezo-resistorn.壓敏電阻器

photoresistorn.光敏電阻器，光電導(dǎo)管；光電阻器

electricalcurrent電流

voltagen.電壓

electrolyticcapacitor電解電容器

loadn.負(fù)荷；工作量，負(fù)荷量

multimetern.萬(wàn)用表

electronn.電子

sourcen.源極；信號(hào)源；電源

bulbn.球莖；電燈泡

Voltn.伏[特]（電壓?jiǎn)挝唬?/p>

Amperen.安[培]（電流單位）

Ohmn.歐[姆]（電阻單位）

voltmetern.伏特計(jì)；電壓表

ammetern.安培計(jì)；電流表

7

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CHAPTER1?CircuitTheoryFundamentals

Unit2

Electronics

1.Somethingaboutelectronics

Theworld’srelianceonelectronicsissogreatthatcommentatorsclaimpeoplelivein

an“electronicage”.Peoplearesurroundedbyelectronics-televisions,radios,computers,and

DVDplayers,alongwithproductswithmajorelectriccomponents,suchasmicrowaveovens,

refrigerators,andotherkitchenappliances,aswellashearingaidsandmedicalinstruments.

Manydifferentmethodsofconnectingcomponentshavebeenusedovertheyears.

Forinstance,earlyelectronicsoftenusedpointtopointwiringwithcomponentsattached

to,woodenbreadboardstoconstructcircuits.Cordwoodconstructionandwirewrapswere

othermethodsused.Mostmoderndayelectronicsnowuseprintedcircuitboards(madeofFR4),

andhighlyintegratedcircuits.YoucanseethefourtypesofconstructionmethodsinFigure2.1.

(a)Wirewrapstoconstructcircuits(b)Woodenbreadboardstoconstructcircuits

HostinterfacecardconnectorsHostnodes

(c)Cordwoodconstruction(d)Printedcircuitboards

Figure2.1Fourtypesofconstructionmethods

Circuitsandcomponentscanbedividedintotwogroups:analoganddigital.Aparticulardevice

mayconsistofcircuitrythathasoneortheotheroramixofthetwotypes.

2.Analogueelectronics

Analogueelectronicsareelectronicsystemswithacontinuouslyvariablesignal.

8

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Unit2??Electronics

Theterm“analogue”describestheproportionalrelationshipbetweenasignalandavoltage

orcurrentthatrepresentsthesignal.

1)ElectroniccomponentswithanalogswitchICs

AnalogswitchICs,asshowninFigure2.2(a),haveslowlyturnedondesignersfortheir

efficiencyandverypopularfeature.ICanalogswitchintegratedcircuitthatelectriccurrentflows,

ifallowed,restrictedandclosedwhenopened.

Theanalog(oranalogswitch),alsocalledthebilateralswitch,asshowninFigure2.2(b),is

anelectroniccomponentthatbehavesthesamewayasarelay,buthasnomovingparts.Analog

switchICsforcommercial,industrial,asusedformilitarypurposesbecausetheyarewidelyused

invariouselectronicswitchesICanalogcomponents.TheICswitchesarealsousedforanalog

signalstodigitalcontrolinterface.

U

1+500kΩ1MΩ

A1+

-U

CD4066A20

-

C

1MΩ

(a)TheimageofanalogswitchICs(b)Theapplicationofabilateralswitch

Figure2.2AnalogswitchICs

Analogswitchesareusedinvariousapplicationssuchasmobilephone,PDA,digitalcamera,

laptop,LCDTVandset-topbox.

2)Amplifiers

Anamplifiercanbeconsideredasanelectroniccircuitwithaninputporttowhichasignal

enters,andanoutputportfromwhichanenlargedsignalemerges.

Manykindofamplifyingdevicesareavailable,andmostareadaptableforuseincontrol

system.Iftheoutputoftheamplifierdeliversmorepowerthanisrequiredattheinput,the

amplifierisgenerallyclassesasapoweramplifier.Anotherclassofamplifieristhevoltage

amplifier.

Amplifiersinelectricalsystemsmaybeassimpleasanelectromagneticrelayortheymay

consistofelectronicdevicessuchastubes,transistors,ormagneticcircuits.

AmplifiersandelectronicdevicesisshownasFigure2.3.

(a)Poweramplifier(b)Voltageamplifier(c)Tube(d)Transistor

Figure2.3Ampli?ersandelectronicdevices

9

電氣自動(dòng)化技術(shù)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)（第二版）.indd92020-8-2615:13:35

CHAPTER1?CircuitTheoryFundamentals

3.Digitalelectronics

Adigitalcircuitisoftenconstructedfromsmallelectroniccircuitscalledlogicgates(see

Figure2.4-Figure2.6).EachlogicgaterepresentsafunctionofBooleanlogic.Alogicgateisan

arrangementofelectricallycontrolledswitches.Theoutputofalogicgateisanelectricalflowor

voltagethatcan,inturn,controlmorelogicgates.

ThebasicANDgatescanbemadeverysimplyusingdiodeandresistors.Figure2.4(b)shows

atwo-inputANDgatemadewithdiodesandresistor,whichworksinthefollowingmanner.

Ifbothinputsareconnectedtoalowvoltage(logic0),currentflowsfromthepositivesupply

throughtheresistorandthetwodiodesinparallelbacktoground.Theoutputisheldtothevoltage

dropacrosstheconductingdiodes,oratalow(logic0)level.

Ifoneoftheinputsisconnectedtoalogic1highlevel,thatdiodeisreverse-biased,butthe

otherstillconductstoground,keepingtheoutputatalowlevel.

Ifbothinputsareconnectedtoahighlevel,bothdiodesarereverse-biasedandtheoutput

risestothepositivesupplylevel,orlogic1.

+

R

Input

A&

YA

BOutput

B

(a)Logicsymbol(b)Circuitdiagram

Figure2.4LogicANDgate

Input