沖刺2023年高考英語(yǔ)真題重組卷（北京專用）重組卷03-（北京卷）（解析版）

絕密★啟用前

沖刺2023年高考英語(yǔ)真題重組卷03

北京地區(qū)專用（解析版）

注意事項(xiàng)：

1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)等填寫在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。

2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮

擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無(wú)效。

3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）

第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，

并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

（2022?北京?人大附中模擬題）Iwasthefoolatschool,regardedasaspecialneedsstudent.Iwastermedas

such.

Overtime,Istartedtobelieveinmystupidity.IacceptedthefactthatIwasinspecialneedsclassesand

poureditoutasangeranddepression.Butoneactivity]thisviewofmyself:chess.

IstartedtoplaychesswithmyfatherafterschoolsimplybecauseIwantedto2himatsomething.

Myfatherwasasmartman.So,winninginchessagainstmyfatherwouldbea3thatIhadintellectual

power.Onthesmallchessboard,Ihadachancetoovercomemyso-calledinability.Gameaftergame,oneweekend,

Ifinallycheckmatedmyfatheronaferryride,whichmademefeel4.

Twoyearslater,Ijoinedmyschoolchessteam.Therecameachancetoplayagainstthebestplayersinother

states.

Mymost5gamecameinthefinalround.Itwasactuallyamatchbetweenaspecialneedsstudentand

asmartsoul.Myopponentwasplayingwellandkept6whileIkeptdefendingtokeepmykingsafe.

Withlittle7left,hestartedtomakerapidmoves.8hecouldmakethefinaldecision,heranout

oftime.Honestly,ashisclockflagfell,Ijumpedupoutofmyseatandkissedtheflooroutofexcitement.Of

courseitwasnotthemostsportsmen-like9.butIcouldnotcontrolmyemotions.

Whileholdingmywinner'scup,IknewIwasnot10.Theinferioritycomplexhadmeltedaway,and

Irealizedthatunderneathourthoughts,eachpersonisagenius.

1.A.changedB?supportedC.questionedD.showed

2.A.pleaseB.comfortC.beatD.disturb

3.A.dreamB?lessonC.theoryD.sign

4.A.oveijoyedB?disappointedC.puzzledD.interested

5.A.terribleB.memorableC.dangerousD.popular

6.A.attackingB.smilingC.pausingD.escaping

7.A.patienceB.timeC.energyD.wisdom

8.A.OnceB.UntilC.BeforeD.Unless

9.A.spiritB.thoughtC.commentD.behavior

10.A.proudB?stupidC-brightD.lazy

【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是記敘文。文章講述了作者是一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)不好的孩子，但通過(guò)下象棋，并最終在象棋錦標(biāo)

賽中獲得冠軍，又重新找回了自信的故事。

I.A【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但有一項(xiàng)活動(dòng)改變了我對(duì)自己的看法：國(guó)際象棋。A.changed改

變；C.supported支持；C.questioned質(zhì)問(wèn)：D.showed展示。根據(jù)前一句"IacceptedthefactthatIwasin

specialneedsclassesandpoureditoutasangeranddepression.（我接受了我在上特殊需求課程的事實(shí)，并

把它作為憤怒和沮喪發(fā)泄出來(lái)。戶和轉(zhuǎn)折連詞bul可知，作者改變了對(duì)自己的看法。故選A。

2.C【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：放學(xué)后，我開(kāi)始和父親下棋，只是因?yàn)槲蚁朐谀承┓矫娲驍∷?/p>

A.please使?jié)M意；B.comfort安慰；C.beat打敗;D.disturb打擾。根據(jù)后文“winninginchessagainstmy

father...”可知，作者想打敗父親。故選C。

3.D【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：所以，在國(guó)際象棋中贏了我父親將是我有智力的標(biāo)志。A.dream

夢(mèng)想;B.lesson功課;C.theory理論；D.sign標(biāo)志,跡象。根據(jù)空前“winninginchessagainstmyfather”

可知，作者認(rèn)為自己在國(guó)際象棋中贏了父親就是表示自己智力很好的標(biāo)志。故選D。

4.A【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：一個(gè)周末，一場(chǎng)接一場(chǎng)的比賽，我終于在一次比賽中戰(zhàn)勝了我

的父親，這讓我非常高興。A.overjoyed欣喜若狂的；B.disappointed失望的；C.puzzled困惑的；D.

interested有趣的。根據(jù)空前描述可知，因?yàn)樽髡咴谙笃灞荣愔袘?zhàn)勝了父親，山此可知，作者很開(kāi)心。

故選Ao

5.B【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:我最難忘的比賽是在最后一輪。A.terrible糟糕的，可怕的；B.

memorable難忘的：C.dangerous危險(xiǎn)的：D.popular受歡迎的。根據(jù)文章最后一句"Theinferioritycomplex

hadmeltedaway,andIrealizedthatunderneathourthoughts,eachpersonisagenius,（自卑感消失了，我意

識(shí)到，在我們的思想深處，每個(gè)人都是天才。）”可知，因?yàn)樽髡哂辛诵碌恼J(rèn)識(shí)，由此可知，最后一輪比

賽讓作者難忘。故選Bo

6.A【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我的對(duì)手打得很好，一直在進(jìn)攻，而我一直在防守，以保證我的“國(guó)

王'’的安全。A.attacking進(jìn)攻；B.smiling微笑；C.pausing暫停;D.escaping逃跑。根據(jù)空后“Ikept

defending”可知，對(duì)手進(jìn)攻，作者在防守。故選A。

7.B【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：時(shí)間所剩無(wú)幾，他開(kāi)始快速走棋。A.patience耐心；B.time時(shí)間；

C.energy能量；D.wisdom智慧。根據(jù)空后“hestartedtomakerapidmoves.”可知，因?yàn)闀r(shí)間不多了，所

以作者開(kāi)始快速走棋。故選B。

8.C【解析】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：在他做出最后的決定之前，他已經(jīng)沒(méi)有時(shí)間了。A.Once一旦；

B.Until直到；C.Before在..之前；D.Unless除非。根據(jù)后文“Honestly,ashisclockflagfdl,【jumped

upoutofmyseatandkissedtheflooroutofexcitement.”可知，因?yàn)樽髡攉@勝了，所以對(duì)手做出決定前，

就用完時(shí)間了。故選C。

9.D【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)然，這不是最像運(yùn)動(dòng)員的行為，但我不能控制我的情緒。A.spirit

精神；B.thought想法;C.comment評(píng)論；D.behavior行為。根據(jù)前文“Ijumpedupoutofmyseatandkissed

theflooroutofexcitement.”可知，作者獲勝慶祝的行為不像運(yùn)動(dòng)員所為。故選D。

10.B【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我捧著冠軍獎(jiǎng)杯的時(shí)候，我知道我并不愚蠢。A.proud驕傲

的；B.stupid愚蠢的；C.bright明亮的,聰明的;D.lazy懶惰的。根據(jù)前文第二段“Overtime,Istartedto

believeinmystupidity.“可知，獲勝時(shí)，作者明白了自己并不是愚蠢。故選B。

第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分)

A

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的

空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

(2020?北京?高考真題)Apieceofstone11(find)onaDutchbeachsuggeststhatourextincthuman

relatives,knownasNeanderthals,wereclevererthanpreviouslythought.TheNeanderthals12(live)

alongsidehumanancestorsinEuropefortensofthousandsofyears,beforedyingoutabout40,000yearsago.

Theyweremuchstrongerthanmodernhumans,butit'slongbeenassumedthathumanancestorswere13

(smart)thantheNeanderthals.However,thestonetoolmadebyNeanderthalssuggestsotherwise.

【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了在荷蘭海灘上發(fā)現(xiàn)的一塊石頭表明已經(jīng)滅絕的人類親戚尼安

德特人比我們之前認(rèn)為的更聰明。

11.found【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：在荷蘭海灘上發(fā)現(xiàn)的一塊石頭表明，我們已經(jīng)滅絕的人類親

戚尼安德特人比我們之前認(rèn)為的更聰明。句子的謂語(yǔ)為suggests,設(shè)空處在句中作非謂語(yǔ)和邏輯主語(yǔ)之

間是邏輯的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。故答案為found。

12.lived/hadlived/hadbeenliving【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：尼安德特人與人類祖先一起在歐

洲生活了數(shù)萬(wàn)年，直到大約4萬(wàn)年前滅絕。設(shè)空處在句中作謂語(yǔ)，結(jié)合句意，此處是指在滅絕之前一

直生活了數(shù)萬(wàn)年。設(shè)空處的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在滅絕之前，結(jié)合時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)fortensofthousandsofyears。故應(yīng)用

過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)或者過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)；又因動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可用一般過(guò)去

時(shí)。故答案為lived/hadlived/hadbeenliving。

13.smarter【解析】考查形容詞的比較級(jí)。句意：但長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，人們一直認(rèn)為人類祖先比尼安德特人更聰

明。設(shè)空處前為were設(shè)空處應(yīng)用形容詞，設(shè)空處后的than表示比較，應(yīng)用比較級(jí)。故答案為smarter。

B

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的

空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

(2019?北京?高考真題)EarthDay,14(mark)on22April,isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublic

awarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.Firstcelebrated151970,theDaynowincludeseventsinmore

than190countriesandregions(地區(qū)).Nomatterwhatyouliketodo,thereisawaytogetinvolvedinvarious

16(activity)onEarthDay.Youcanplantatree,makeamealwilhlocallygrownvegetables,orsave

power-thepossibilitiesareendless.

【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了地球日這一節(jié)日的歷史和意義。

14.marked【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：地球「I于4月22n舉行，是一項(xiàng)旨在提高公眾環(huán)保意識(shí)的年

度活動(dòng)。分析句式可知，設(shè)空處是要作名詞EarthDay的后置定語(yǔ)，且兩者之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用過(guò)去分詞。

故填markedo

15.in【解析】考查介詞。句意：第一次慶祝是在1970年。如今，這一天的活動(dòng)遍及190多個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)。

在年份前耍用介詞in。故填in。

16.activities【解析】考查名詞。句意：無(wú)論你喜歡做什么，有一個(gè)方法可以讓你參與地球日的各種活動(dòng)。

根據(jù)設(shè)空前的修飾詞various可知，此處要用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填activities。

C

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的

空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

(2022?北京?高考真題)Sincepeoplecan'talwayseatoutorcookfor17(they),theygettakeoutororder

delivery.Moretakeoutandmorefooddeliveryequalmorewaste,especiallyplasticwaste.Thatincludescups,

bottles,andbags,mostof18areonlygoodforoneuse.That,sabigproblemanditisgettingeven

19（bad）.Theuseofthoseplastics20（increase）by300%since2019.Theworldwon'tsurvive

ifthissituationcontinues.

【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。講述了人們?cè)邳c(diǎn)外賣的同時(shí)，也增加了塑料產(chǎn)品的使用，造成了環(huán)境污染。

17.themselves【解析】考查反身代詞。句意：因?yàn)槿藗儾荒芸偸窃谕饷娉燥埢蛘邽樗麄冏约鹤鲲?，所以?/p>

們叫外賣或者預(yù)定配送服務(wù)。空處在句中作介詞for的賓語(yǔ)，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)為同一物時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)要用反身代

詞。所以此處要用反身代詞themselveso故填themselveso

18.which【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：這包括杯子、瓶子和袋子，其中大多數(shù)（東西）只能使用一次。分

析可知，mostofareonlygoodforoneuse在句中為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句；先行詞為cups,bottles,and

bags,在從句中作介詞of的賓語(yǔ)，所以此處用關(guān)系代詞which。故填which。

19.worse【解析】考查比較級(jí)。句意：這是個(gè)大問(wèn)題，而且越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重。even“甚至”常置于比較級(jí)前，所以

此處用worse,故填worseo

2O.hasincreased【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。句意：自從2019年，那些塑料的使用已經(jīng)增加了300%。根據(jù)句

中since2019,可知此處用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。主語(yǔ)Theuseof（hoseplastics為單數(shù)含義，助動(dòng)詞用has。故填has

increasedo

第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）

第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上

將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

A

（2021?北京?高考真題）Ifyouareplanningtostartacareerinthefieldofeducation,science,orculture,then

anintemship（實(shí)習(xí)）atUNESCOwillbeidealforyou.

Whocanapply?

Youhavecompletedyourfull-timeuniversitystudies；or.

Youarestudyinginagraduateprogramforamaster'sdegree.

Applicantsintechnicalassignmentsmusthavereachedthelastyearoftheirstudiesinatechnical

institution.

Whataretherequirements?

Youmustbeatleast20yearsold.

Youshouldhaveagoodcommand（掌握）ofeitherEnglishorFrench.

Youmusthaveanexcellentknowledgeofoffice-relatedsoftware.

Youshouldbeabletoworkwellinateamandadapttoaninternationalworkingenvironment.

Youshouldpossessstronginterpersonalandcommunicationskills.

Whatdoyouneedtoprepare?

Visa：Youshouldobtainthenecessaryvisas.

Travel：Youmustarrangeandfinanceyourtraveltoandfromthelocationwhereyouwilldoyour

internship.

Medicalinsurance：Youmustshowproofofacomprehensivehealthinsurancevalid（有效的）inthe

targetcountryfortheentireperiodoftheinternship.UNESCOwillprovidelimitedinsurancecoverageupto

USD30,000fortheinternshipperiod.

Medicalcertificate：Youmustprovideamedicalcertificateindicatingyouarefittowork.

Motivationletter：Youshouldhaveyourmotivationletterreadybeforefillingouttheapplicationform.

YourapplicationwillbeaccessedbyUNESCOmanagersandwillstayinourdatabaseforsixmonths.Wedo

notrespondtoeverycandidate.Ifselected,youwillbecontactedbyamanager.Ifyoudonotreceiveanyupdate

withinsixmonths,itmeansthatyourapplicationhasnotbeensuccessful.

21.Accordingtothispassage,applicantsarerequiredto.

A.holdamaster'sdegreeinscience

B.haveinternationalworkexperience

C.befluentineitherEnglishorFrench

D.presentaletterfromatechnicalinstitution

22.WhatwillUNESCOprovidefortheinternshipperiod?

A.Limitedmedicalinsurancecoverage.

B.Trainingincommunicationskills.

C.Amedicalcertificateforwork.

D.Financialsupportfbrtravel.

23.Whatshouldapplicantsdobeforefillingouttheapplicationform?

A.ContactUNESCOmanagers.B.Getaccesstothedatabase.

C.Keepamotivationletterathand.D.Workinateamfbrsixmonths.

【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要講的是聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織的實(shí)習(xí)項(xiàng)目。

21.C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Whataretherequirements?部分的Youshouldhaveagoodcommand（掌

握）ofeitherEnglishorFrench（你應(yīng)該精通英語(yǔ)或法語(yǔ)）可知，申請(qǐng)者必須精通英語(yǔ)或法語(yǔ)，故選C。

22.A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Whatdoyouneedtoprepare?部分的UNESCOwillprovidelimitedinsurance

coverageuptoUSD30,000fortheinternshipperiod（聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織將為實(shí)習(xí)期間提供不超過(guò)3萬(wàn)美元的有

限保險(xiǎn)）可知，教科文組織為實(shí)習(xí)期間提供有限的醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)，故選A。

23.C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的Youshouldhaveyourmotivationletterreadybeforefillingoutthe

叩plicationform（在填寫申請(qǐng)表之前，你應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)備好你的動(dòng)機(jī)信）可知，在填寫申請(qǐng)表之前，申請(qǐng)人應(yīng)將動(dòng)

機(jī)信放在手邊，故選C。

B

（2020?北京?高考真題）Forthepastfiveyears,PaulaSmith,ahistorianofscience,hasdevotedherselfto

re-creatinglong-forgottentechniques.Whiledoingresearchforhernewbook,shecameacrossa16th-century

Frenchmanuscript（手稿）consistingofnearly1,000setsofinstructions,coveringsubjectsfromtoolmakingto

findingthebestsand.

Theauthor'sintentionremainsasmysterious（神秘）ashisname;hemayhavebeensimplytakingnotesforhis

ownrecords.ButSmithwasstruckmainlybythefactthatshedidn'ttrulygraspanyoftheskillstheauthor

described."YousimplycantgetanunderstandingofthathandworkbyreadingaboutitJshesays.

ThoughSmithdidgetherhandsonthebestsand,doingthingstheold-fashionedwayisn'tjustaboutplaying

aroundwithFrenchmud.Reconstructingtheworkofthecraftsmen（工匠）wholivedcenturiesagocanrevealhow

theyviewedtheworld,whatobjectsfilledtheirhomes,andwhatwentonintheworkshopsthatproducedthem.It

canevenhelpsolvepresent-dayproblems:In2015,scientistsdiscoveredthata10th-centuryEnglishmedicinefor

eveproblemscouldkilladrug-resistantvirus.

Theworkhasalsobroughtinsightsformuseums,Smithsays.Onemustknowhowanobjectwasmadein

ordertopreserveit.What*smore,reconstructionsmightbetheonlywaytoknowwhattreasureslookedlikebefore

timeworethemdown.ScholarshaveseenthisideainpracticewithancientGreekandRomanstatues.These

sculptureswerepaintedarainbowofstrikingcolours.Wecan*tappreciatethesekindsofdetailswithoutseeing

worksofartastheyoriginallyappeared-somethingSmithbelievesyoucandoonlywhenyouhavearoadmap.

Smithhasputthemanuscript'sideasintopractice.Herfinalgoalistolinktheworldsofartandscienceback

together:Shebelievesthatbringingtheoldrecipestolifecanhelpdevelopakindoflearningthathighlights

experimentation,teamwork,andproblemsolving.

Backwhenscience—thencalled“thenewphiIosophy^^—tookshape,academicslookedtocraftsmenforhelp

inunderstandingthenaturalworld.Microscopesandtelescopeswereinventedbywayofartistictinkering（修補(bǔ)）,

ascraftsmenexperimentedwithglasstobetterbendlight.

Ifwecanrediscoverthevaluesofhands-onexperienceandcraftwork,Smithsays,wecanmarrythebestof

ourmoderninsightswiththehandinessofourancestors.

24.HowdidSmith,feelafterreadingtheFrenchmanuscript?

A.Confusedaboutthetechnicalterms.

B.Impressedwithitsdetailedinstructions.

C.Discouragedbyitscomplexstructure.

D.Shockedforherownlackofhandskills.

25.AccordingtoSmith,thereconstructionworkisdonemainlyto.

A.restoreoldworkshopsB.understandthecraftsmen

C.improvevisualeffectsD.inspirethephilosophers

26.Whydoestheauthormentionmuseums?

A.Torevealthebeautyofancientobjects.

B.Topresentthefindingsofoldscience.

C.Tohighlighttheimportanceofantiques.

D.Toemphasisethevaluesofhandskills.

27.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?

A.CraftsmenSettheTrendsforArtists

B.CraftsmanshipLeadstoNewTheories

C.CraftsmanshipMakesBetterScientists

D.CraftsmenReshapetheFutureofScience

【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述科學(xué)家PaulaSmith致力于對(duì)?古代手工技能的研究，認(rèn)為科學(xué)家

如果能夠把古代的手工技能和現(xiàn)代的科學(xué)方法結(jié)合起來(lái)，就能夠創(chuàng)造更大成就。

24.D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“ButSmithwasstruckmainlybythefactthatshedidn'ttrulygrasp

anyoftheskillstheauthordescribed."Yousimplycan'tgetanunderstandingofthathandworkbyreading

aboutit,"shesays:,讓史密斯震驚的主要是，她并沒(méi)有真正掌握作者所描述的任何技能。她說(shuō)廣你根本

無(wú)法通過(guò)閱讀來(lái)了解這些手工作品?！庇纱丝芍x完這份法國(guó)手稿，這種手工技能讓史密斯感到震驚，

故選D。

25.B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Reconstructingtheworkofthecraftsmen（工匠）wholivedcenturies

agocanrevealhowtheyviewedtheworld,whatobjectsfilledtheirhomes,9,重建幾個(gè)世紀(jì)前工匠的作品，

可以揭示他們?nèi)绾慰创澜?，他們的家里有什么物件。由此可知，重建工作主要是為了了解工匠。?/p>

選B。

26.D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Theworkhasalsobroughtinsightsformuseums,Smithsays.One

mustknowhowonobjectwasmadeinordertopreserveit.What'smore,reconstructionsmightbetheonly

waytoknowwhattreasureslookedlikebeforetimeworethemdown.”史密斯說(shuō)，這項(xiàng)工作也給博物館帶來(lái)

了深刻的見(jiàn)解。為了保存它，一個(gè)人必須知道一件物品是如何制成的。更重要的是，重建可能是唯一

的方法，以了解寶藏磨損之前的樣子。因此可知，博物館要想很好保存物品，必須要知道這件物品是

如何制成的，也是在強(qiáng)調(diào)手工技能的價(jià)值，故選D。

27.C【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Ifwecanrediscoverthevaluesofhands-onexperienceand

craftwork,Smithsays,wecanmarrythebestofourmodeminsightswiththehandinessofourancestors.”史

密斯說(shuō)，如果我們能重新發(fā)現(xiàn)實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)和工藝的價(jià)值，我們就能將現(xiàn)代的最好見(jiàn)解與我們祖先的靈巧

結(jié)合起來(lái)。由此可知本文的中心思想就在于如果科學(xué)家能把古代的手工技巧同現(xiàn)代的理論結(jié)合起來(lái)，

就能夠獲得更多的成就。C選項(xiàng)CraftsmanshipMakesBetterScientists工之造就了更好的科學(xué)家，符合

文章主題，適合做標(biāo)題，故選C。

C

（2022?北京?北師大實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)模擬題）Agroupofblue-facedbirdsstepthroughthegrassshoulderto

shoulder,redeyeslookingaround.Theylooklikemiddleschoolersseekingacafeteriatableatlunchtime.Perhaps

they'renotsodifferent.

Anewstudy,ledbyDamienFarine,anornithologistwhostudiescollectivebehaviour,showsthatthevulturine

guineafowlofeasternAfrica,likehumans,havemultilevelsocieties.Inthepast,scientistsassumedsuchsocial

structuresrequiredalotofbrainpower.Butthepea-brainedguineafowlarerevealingthefaultsinthatassumption.

Theselargebirdswanderacrossthelandscapeinpacks,oftenwalkingsocloselythattheirbodiestouch.They

mayfighteachothertomaintaintheirstricthierarchies（等級(jí)制度）,butatothertimestheyengageinfriendly

behaviourslikesharingfood.

Suspectingtheguineafowlmighthaveasocialstructure,Dr.Farineandhiscolleaguesbeganathoroughstudy

oftheirsociety.Forawholeyear,theymadedailyobservationsof441birds.Colouredlegbandsinunique

combinationsletresearcherstelltheblack-and-bluebirdsapart.TheyalsoattachedGPSdevicestothebacksof58

birds,whichletthemseeexactlywhereeverygroupwent,24hoursaday.

Thefindingsoftheresearchsuggestthatthevulturineguineafowlhaveamultilevelsociety.Therearegroups

withingroupswithinthepopulationasawhole.Thereevenseemtobegroupsoffriendswithinthesmallgroups.

Thisisthefirsttimeanyonehasobservedsuchasocietyinabird.

AndDr.Farineemphasizesthisparticularbird'stinybrainsize:"Theydon'tonlyhavesmallbrainsrelativeto

mammals（哺孚L動(dòng)物）,theyalsohavequitesmallbrainsrelativetootherbirds,“hesaid.

Accordingtohim,livinginthiskindofsocietymightactuallymakeiteasiertokeeptrackofthesocialorder.

Forexample,ifgroupsarestableandabirdcanidentifyjustoneortwoindividualswithinagroup,itknowswhich

groupit'slookingat-noneedforabrainthatcanrecognizeeverysingleanimal.Multilevelsocietiesalsolet

animalsadjusttheirgroupsizesbasedonwhateverchallengesthey'refacing.Dependingonwhatenemiesor

resourcesarearound,itmightmakesensetotravelinacombinedgroupratherthanasmallerone.

“Havingamultilevelstructuremaynotrequirehavingalargebrain,"Dr.Farinesaid.Theremaybemore

birdsandotheranimalsouttherethat,althoughsmall-brained,havesocietiesasmany-leveledasourown.

28.Accordingtothepassage,whatinspiredDr.Farinetocarryoutthestudy?

A.TheguineafowPssocialbehaviour.B.Previousassumptionsaboutbirds.

C.Hisinterestinanimalbrainpower.D.Thefaultsinearlierresearch.

29.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?

A.Theresearchsubjects.B.Theresearchmethods.

C.Theresearchfindings.D.Theresearchequipment.

30.Whatcanbelearnedfromthepassage?

A.Complexsocialsystemscanbeadisadvantagetotheguineafowl.

B.Theguineafowlaregoodatrecognizingindividualsinagroup.

C.Birdsmaintainsocialorderbytravellingincombinedgroups.

D.Small-brainedanimalscanformmultilevelsocieties.

【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講J‘鳥類學(xué)家DamienFarine團(tuán)隊(duì)在非洲東部的一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn):

小腦動(dòng)物也有多層次的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)。

28.A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的“Suspectingtheguineafowlmighthaveasocialstructure,Dr.Farineand

hiscolleaguesbeganathoroughstudyoftheirsociety/由于懷疑珍珠雞可能有社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu),Farine博士和他的

同事們開(kāi)始對(duì)它們的社會(huì)進(jìn)行深入研究。廠可知，珍珠雞的社會(huì)行為和社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)讓Farine博士和他的

同事們有所懷疑，所以他們進(jìn)行了徹底的研究。故選A。

29.B【解析】主旨大意題。由第四段中的“Forawholeyear,theymadedailyobservationsof441birds.Coloured

legbandsinuniquecombinationsletresearcherstelltheblack-and-bluebirdsapart.TheyalsoattachedGPS

devicestothebacksof58birds,whichletthemseeexactlywhereeverygroupwent,24hoursaday,（一整年，

他們每天觀察441只鳥。獨(dú)特組合的彩色腿帶讓研究人員區(qū)分了黑藍(lán)色的鳥類。他們還在58只鳥的背

上安裝了GPS設(shè)備，讓它們一天24小時(shí)準(zhǔn)確地看到每一組鳥的去向。廣可知，這段主要是講述他們團(tuán)

隊(duì)如何研究觀察的，即他們的研究方法。故選B。

30.D【解析】推理判斷題。由最后一段“Havingamultilevelstructuremaynotrequirehavingalargebrain,Dr.

Farinesaid.Theremaybemorebirdsandotheranimalsouttherethat,althoughsmall-brained,havesocieties

asmany-leveledasourown."（擁有一個(gè)多層次的結(jié)構(gòu)可能不需要有一個(gè)大的大腦，”法林博士說(shuō)?？赡?/p>

還有更多的鳥類和其他動(dòng)物，雖然它們的大腦很小，但它們的社會(huì)像我們?nèi)祟惖纳鐣?huì)一樣多層次。）可

知，腦容量小的動(dòng)物可以形成多層次的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)。故選D。

D

（2022?北京?高考真題）Quantum（量子）computershavebeenonmymindalotlately.Afriendhasbeen

sendingmearticlesonhowquantumcomputersmighthelpsolvesomeofthebiggestchallengeswefaceashumans.

I'vealsohadexchangeswithtwoquantum-computingexperts.OneiscomputerscientistChrisJohnsonwhoIsee

assomeonewhohelpskeepthefieldhonest.TheotherisphysicistPhilipTaylor.

Fordecades,quantumcomputinghasbeenlittlemorethanalaboratorycuriosity.Now,bigtechcompanies

haveinvestedinquantumcomputing,ashavemanysmallerones.AccordingtoBusinessWeekly,quantum

machinescouldhelpus“curecancer,andeventakestepstoturnclimatechangeintheoppositedircction.^^Thisis

thesortofhype（炒作）thatannoysJohnson.Heworriesthatresearchersaremakingpromisestheycan'tkeep.

“What'snew,“Johnsonwrote,4tisthatmillionsofdollarsarenowpotentiallyavailabletoquantumcomputing

researchers.^^

Asquantumcomputingattractsmoreattentionandfunding,researchersmaymisleadinvestors,journalists,the

publicand,worstofall,themselvesabouttheirwork'spotential.Ifresearcherscan'tkeeptheirpromises,

excitementmightgivewaytodoubt,disappointmentandanger,Johnsonwarns.Lotsofothertechnologieshave

gonethroughstagesofexcitement.Butsomethingaboutquantumcomputingmakesitespeciallypronetohype,

Johnsonsuggests,perhapsbecause“'quantum'standsforsomethingcoolyoushouldn'tbeabletounderstand.^^

AndthatbringsmebacktoTaylor,whosuggestedthatIreadhisbookQforQuantum.

AfterIreadthebook,Taylorpatientlyansweredmyquestionsaboutit.Healsoansweredmyquestionsabout

PyQuantum,thefirmheco-foundedin2016.TaylorsharesJohnson'sconcernsabouthype,buthesaysthose

concernsdonotapplytoPyQuantum.

Thecompany,hesays,iscloserthananyotherfirm“byaverylargemargin（幅度）"tobuildinga"usefUl”

quantumcomputer,onethat"solvesanimpactfulproblemthatwewouldnothavebeenabletosolveotherwise?*

Headds,"Peoplewillnaturallydiscountmyopinions,butIhavespentalotoftimequantitativelycomparingwhat

wearedoingwithothers.^^

CouldPyQuantumreallybeleadingallthecompetition“byawidemargin"，asTaylorclaims?Idon'tknow.

I'mcertainlynotgoingtoadvisemyfriendoranyoneelsetoinvestinquantumcomputers.ButItrustTaylor,just

asItrustJohnson.

31.RegardingJohnson'sconcerns,theauthorfeels.

A.sympatheticB.unconcernedC.doubtfulD.excited

32.WhatleadstoTaylor'soptimismaboutquantumcomputing?

A.Hisdominanceinphysics.B.Thecompetitioninthefield.

C.HisconfidenceinPyQuantum.D.Theinvestmentoftechcompanies.

33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prone“inParagraph3mostprobablymean?

A.Open.B.Cool.C.Useful.D.Resistant.

34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.IsJohnsonMoreCompetentThanTaylor?

B.IsQuantumComputingRedefiningTechnology?

C.WillQuantumComputersEverComeintoBeing?

D.WillQuantumComputingEverLiveUptoItsHype?

【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文。主要論述了“量子計(jì)算真的會(huì)像它的宣傳那樣成功嗎？“，計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)家克

里斯?約翰遜和物理學(xué)家菲利普?泰勒分別闡明了自己的觀點(diǎn)。

31,A［解析］推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三自然段“Asquantumcomputingattractsmoreattentionandfunding,

researchersmaymisleadinvestors,journalists,thepublicand,worstofall,themselvesabouttheirwork's

potential.Ifresearcherscan'tkeeptheirpromises,excitementmightgivewaytodoubt,disappointmentand

anger,Johnsonwarns.（隨著量子計(jì)算吸引了更多的關(guān)注和資金，研究人員可能會(huì)誤導(dǎo)投資者、記者、

公眾，最糟糕的是，他們自己的工作潛力。約翰遜警告說(shuō)，如果研究人員不能兌現(xiàn)承諾，興奮可能會(huì)

讓位于懷疑、失望和憤怒）”根據(jù)最后一段“But【trustTaylor,justas【trustJohnson."（但我相信泰勒，就

像我相信約翰遜一樣）可知，關(guān)于約翰遜的擔(dān)憂，作者是支持的。A.sympathetic同情的，贊同的；B.

unconcerned不關(guān)心的；C.doubtful懷疑的；D.excited激動(dòng)的。故選A。

32.C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Thecompany,hesays,iscloserthananyotherfirm“byaverylarge

margin（幅度）"tobuildinga“useful“quantumcomputer,onethat“solvesanimpactfulproblemthatwe

wouldnothavebeenabletosolveotherwise."Headds,“Peoplewillnaturallydiscountmyopinions,butI

havespentalotoftimequantitativelycomparingwhatwearedoingwithothers?'（他說(shuō)，這家公司比其他

任何公司都“在很大程度上“接近于制造出“有用的”量子計(jì)算機(jī)，它“解決了一個(gè)有影響力的問(wèn)題，否則

我們無(wú)法解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題他補(bǔ)充說(shuō):“人們自然會(huì)不相信我的觀點(diǎn)，但我已經(jīng)花了很多時(shí)間來(lái)定量地比

較我們與他人的做法）”可知，泰勒對(duì)量子計(jì)算的樂(lè)觀來(lái)源于他對(duì)PyQuantum的信心。故選C。

33.A【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三自然段“ButsomethingaboutquantumcomputingmakesitespeciallyEione

tohype,Johnsonsuggests,perhapsbecause“'quantum'standsforsomethingcoolyoushouldn'tbea