皮影戲文化中國粹民間傳統(tǒng)民族文化藝術(shù)表演介紹演示課件兩篇

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廓和設(shè)計圖案紋樣分別拷貝、描繪在皮面上，這叫"過稿"，再把皮子放在棗木或梨木板上進行刻制。第四步過稿制作制作MAKEPARTTHREE雕刻刀具一般都有十一、二把，甚至三十把以上。刀具有寬窄不同的斜口刀（尖刀）、平刀、圓刀、三角刀、花口刀等，分工很講究，藝人需要熟練各種刀具的不同使用方法。根據(jù)傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)驗，在刻制線狀的紋樣時要用平刀去扎；在刻制直線條的紋樣時用平刀去推；對于傳統(tǒng)服飾的袖頭襖邊的圓型花紋則需要用鑿刀去鑿；一些曲折多變的花紋圖樣，則須用斜口刀刻制。藝人雕刻的口訣如下：櫻花平刀扎，萬字平刀推，袖頭襖邊鑿刀上，花朵尖刀刻。雕刻線有虛實之分，還有暗線、繪線之分。第五步鏤刻制作制作MAKEPARTTHREE皮影雕完之后是敷彩。老藝人用色十分講究。大都自己用紫銅、銀朱、普蘭等礦植物炮制出大紅、大綠、杏黃等顏色著色。著色的方法也各有不同。以陜西皮影為例，敷彩的方法是先把制好的純色化入稍大的酒盅內(nèi)，放進幾塊用精皮熬制的透明皮膠，然后把盅子放在特制的燈架上，下邊點燃酒精燈火，使膠色交融成為粥狀，趁熱敷在影人上。雖是色彩種類不多，但老藝人善于配色，再加上點染的濃淡變化，使色彩效果異常絢爛。