2023-2024學(xué)年貴州省六校聯(lián)盟高三上學(xué)期高考實(shí)用性聯(lián)考（一）英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

2024屆貴州省六校聯(lián)盟高考實(shí)用性聯(lián)考卷(一)英語(yǔ)試題注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必用黑色碳素筆將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)、考場(chǎng)號(hào)、座位號(hào)在答題卡上填寫清楚。2.每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。在試題卷上作答無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，請(qǐng)將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。滿分150分，考試用時(shí)120分鐘。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)注意，聽力部分答題時(shí)請(qǐng)先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上，聽力部分結(jié)束前你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Wherearethespeakersgoingnext?A.ToaflowershopB.ToaclothingshopC.Toabakery2.Whatdoesthewomando?A.AnarchitectB.AteacherC.Areceptionist3.HowwillHelentraveltoNewYorkAByplaneB.BycarC.Bytrain4.Whereprobablyarethespeakers?A.InapethospitalB.InaparkC.Inazoo5.WhatistheweatherlikenowA.SunnyB.CloudyC.Rainy.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段對(duì)話，回答第6和第7兩個(gè)小題。6InwhichplacearehalfofBetty’sgrandfather’sbooksstored?A.Ahouseofhisfriend.B.Apubliclibrary.C.Betty’shouse.7.Howdoesthemansoundintheend?A.Surprised.B.Excited.C.Anxious.聽下面一段對(duì)話，回答第8和第9兩個(gè)小題。8.WhatdoesLilysuggestMr.Stensondoing?A.Usingthepesticide.B.Changingthecrop.C.Wateringthefields.9.WhatdoweknowaboutLily’suncle?A.Heoftenshareshisproducts.B.HelivesfarfromLily.C.Heisgoodatfarming.聽下面一段對(duì)話，回答第10至第12三個(gè)小題。10.WheredoesMollycomefrom?A.Japan.B.Canada.C.Singapore.11.WhendidMollybegintoski?A.Atagefour.B.Atageseven.C.Atagethirteen.12.WhatmadeMollydecidetobeaskier?A.Herloveforsnow.B.Hermom’schoice.C.Herfriend’ssupport.聽下面一段對(duì)話，回答第13至第16四個(gè)小題。13.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeaker?A.Strangers.B.Colleagues.C.Friends.14WhatisHarry’sfatherresponsiblefor?A.CarinsuranceB.HealthinsuranceC.Businessinsurance15.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A.SheisagreenhandindrivingB.SheisanexpertincarsC.Sheisafanofsportscars16.WhichwordcanbestdescribeHarry?A.TolerantB.ConsiderateC.Ambitious聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答第17至第20四個(gè)小題。17.Whatisthepurposeofthespeaker!A.ToforecasttheweatherB.TokeeppeopleinformedC.Tomakeanadvertisement18.WhatcausesflightstoSouthAmericarisky?A.AterriblestormB.HeavyairtrafficC.Mechanicalproblems19.Howwilltheydealwithpassengerswhoseflightsarecanceled?A.ChangetheirflightrouteB.OfferthemfreehotelsC.Returnalltheirmoney20.Whichplaceisincludedintheno-golist?A.CairoB.PanamaC.BuenosAires第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AAmsterdamDestinationGuideAmsterdam,thecapitaloftheNetherlands,isoneofthemostpopulartraveldestinationsintheworld,famousforitsbeautifulcanals,topartmuseums,cyclingcultureandsoon.HerearesomeofthekeypointstorememberasyouplanyourtriptoAmsterdam.BoomSeasonPopulationLanguage(s)CurrencyJanuaryClimateJulyClimateMaytoOctober813562DutchEuroAveragehigh:5.8℃Averagehigh:22.0℃Must-SeeAttractions●OldCentreMostvisitorsbegintheirAmsterdamadventurehere,whichisfulloftraditionarchitecture,shoppingcenters,andcoffeeshops.●CanalRingItisaUNESCOWorldHeritageSitethatwasoriginallybuilttoattractwealthyhomeownersandisacenterforcelebrityspottingandnightlifetoday.●MuseumQuarterItisgreatforshoppingattheAlbertCuypMarketandhavingapicnicintheVondelpark.ThetopmuseumstovisittherearetheRijksmusuemandtheVanGogh●PlantagItboastsmostofthecity’smuseums,includingtheJewishHistoricalMuseum.MoneySavingTips●Unlessyoureallywanttoseethetulips(郁金香)blooming,avoidbookingbetweenmid-Marchandmid-May.Thisiswhenhotelandflightpricesrise.●LookforaccommodationsinAmsterdam’sSouthDistrict,whereratesaregenerallycheaperthaninthecitycenter.●Buytrainticketsatthemachineinsteadofthecountertosaveabitofmoney.●Insteadofhiringatourguide,hoponacanalboat.They’reinexpensiveandwillgiveyouauniqueviewofthecity.1.WhichisthebestseasontovisitAmsterdam?A.January. B.March.C.September. D.December.2.Ifyou’reinterestedinnightlife,youshouldvisit_______________.A.OldCentre B.CanalRingC.MuseumQuarte D.Plantag3.HowcanyousavemoneyinAmsterdam?A.Hireaguideforyourcanaltour.B.Getthetrainticketsatthecounter.C.Bookinmid-Mayforalowerprice.D.ReserveahotelintheSouthDistrict.【答案】1.C2.B3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹去阿姆斯特丹旅行的一些注意事項(xiàng)。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章方框中“BoomSeason:MaytoOctober(旺季：5月至10月)”可知，去參觀阿姆斯特丹的最佳時(shí)間是5月至10月。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由CanalRing中“ItisaUNESCOWorldHeritageSitethatwasoriginallybuilttoattractwealthyhomeownersandisacenterforcelebrityspottingandnightlifetoday.(它是聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織世界遺產(chǎn)，最初是為了吸引富有的房主而建的，如今是名人景點(diǎn)和夜生活的中心)”可知，CanalRing是夜生活的中心。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由MoneySavingTips中“LookforaccommodationsinAmsterdam’sSouthDistrict,whereratesaregenerallycheaperthaninthecitycenter.(尋找阿姆斯特丹南區(qū)的住宿，那里的房?jī)r(jià)通常比市中心便宜)”可知，在南區(qū)預(yù)訂一家酒店可以幫助節(jié)約錢。故選D項(xiàng)。BSincemysonwenttocollegeinChicago,Imadequarterlytripsthereforthenextthreeyears.MyfriendGeorgewasacookthereandheknewmanyoutstandingrestaurants.OneofthemwasaChineserestaurantcalledTheBird.ItwasownedandoperatedbyChefBennyMoywhohappenedtobeanoldfriendofGeorge’s.ThedishesBennypreparedwereunique,andeverythingwasinhismindwhenhewascooking.Justbychanging,addingorremovinganingredientortwo,hecouldcomeupwithanentirelynewdish.AsafanofChinesefood,Iwasalwaysattractedbyitsrecipes.Afterayearwentby,IRoadinfinallygatheredthecouragetoaskBennyifIcouldspendaweeklearningcookinginhisrestaurantkitchen.Tomyjoy,heagreedreadily.IwasverynervousthefirstdayIshowedup.ButIdidn’thavetowaitlongtofindouthowIwouldstart.“Putonthisjacket,goovertothestoveandcleanthetwowoks(鍋)there,”hesaid.Iwasexcited.Whatabeginning!Iwasallowedtocleanthemaster’swoks.Thenthingsjustseemedtofallintoplace.Bennywasveryconcentratedwhenhewasdoingpreparingworkorcooking.Iwouldjustfollowhimaround,tryingveryhardnottogetinhisway.Besides,Iwouldtalkintomyhand-heldrecordertodocumenteverythinghedid;ineffect,Ihadallhisrecipes.Hehadateachingstylethatwasallhisown.AndIjustwatchedandlearnedeverythinghedidbyheartAttheendoftheweek,whenmytimeinthekitchenwasover,IcameawayfeelingthatIhavehadthemostexciting,unusual,anduniquecookingexperiences.Plus,nowIknowhowtocookBenny’smost-knowndish:Mooshupork.4.WhatareBenny’sdisheslike?A.Nutritiousandsalty B.ConventionalandtastyC.Originalandspicy D.Specialanddistinctive5.WhatdoweknowaboutBenny?A.HeusedtoliveinChicago B.Hewasreluctanttocleanwoks.C.HeranaChinesefoodrestaurant D.Helikedaddingingredientstodishes6.Whichisclosestinmeaningto“fallintoplace”inparagraph5?A.Workoutsmoothly B.Beinchaos C.Takeadownturn D.Getworsegradually7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.CreatingInnovativeDishes B.ObservingCookingProceduresC.AppreciatingFavoriteRecipes D.LearningChineseCuisine【答案】4.D5.C6.A7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者去一家中餐廳里學(xué)習(xí)烹飪中國(guó)菜的經(jīng)歷?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“ThedishesBennypreparedwereunique,andeverythingwasinhismindwhenhewascooking.Justbychanging,addingorremovinganingredientortwo,hecouldcomeupwithanentirelynewdish.(本尼做的菜是獨(dú)一無(wú)二的，當(dāng)他做飯的時(shí)候，一切都在他的腦海里。只要改變、添加或刪除一兩種食材，他就能做出一道全新的菜肴)”可知，本尼的菜特殊和與眾不同。故選D。【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“AsafanofChinesefood,Iwasalwaysattractedbyitsrecipes.(作為一名中餐愛好者，我總是被它的食譜所吸引)”可知，本尼經(jīng)營(yíng)一家中餐館。故選C。【6題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“IwasverynervousthefirstdayIshowedup.ButIdidn’thavetowaitlongtofindouthowIwouldstart.“Putonthisjacket,goovertothestoveandcleanthetwowoks(鍋)there,”hesaid.Iwasexcited.Whatabeginning!Iwasallowedtocleanthemaster’swoks.(我第一天來(lái)的時(shí)候非常緊張。但我沒(méi)等多久就知道我將如何開始。他說(shuō)：“穿上這件外套，走到爐子那邊，把那邊的兩個(gè)鍋擦干凈。”我很興奮。一個(gè)好開頭！我被允許打掃主廚的鍋)”以及后文“Bennywasveryconcentratedwhenhewasdoingpreparingworkorcooking.Iwouldjustfollowhimaround.(本尼在做準(zhǔn)備工作或做飯時(shí)非常專注。我只是跟著他)”可知，作者從一開始的緊張到后來(lái)跟著本尼做準(zhǔn)備工作，可知慢慢進(jìn)展順利了。故劃線詞意思是“進(jìn)展順利”。故選A。【7題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Attheendoftheweek,whenmytimeinthekitchenwasover,IcameawayfeelingthatIhavehadthemostexciting,unusual,anduniquecookingexperiences.Plus,nowIknowhowtocookBenny’smost-knowndish:Mooshupork.(周末，當(dāng)我在廚房的時(shí)間結(jié)束時(shí)，我離開了，感覺我有了最令人興奮的，不尋常的，獨(dú)特的烹飪經(jīng)歷。而且，現(xiàn)在我知道怎么做本尼最著名的菜木須肉了)”結(jié)合文章主要講述了作者去一家中餐廳里學(xué)習(xí)烹飪中國(guó)菜的經(jīng)歷?？芍?，D選項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)中國(guó)菜”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選D。CMogaoGrottoesislocatedatthewesternendoftheHexiCorridoralongtheancientSilkRoadinDunhuang,China.Untilnow,mostmuralpaintingsatMogaoGrottoeshavebeendatedbydirectlyreferringtothemuraltextsorhistoricaldocuments.However,somearestillleftwiththecreationera(年代)uncertainduetothelackofreferencematerialsorthedisagreementofartexperts.Thedrawingstyleofmuralpaintingswaschangingthroughouthistoryandcanbelearnedandquantified(量化)throughpaintingdata.Anewdatingmethodhasbeendevelopedbyencoding(編碼)thedrawingstylesusingvisualcodeslearnedthroughdeeplearning.ThisnewmethodsuccessfullydiscoveredthecreationeraofsixmuralpaintingsatMogaoGrottoes.WiththehelpofexpertsfromDunhuangAcademy,sevenmuralpaintingsfromtwogrottoes(No.205andNo.206)werechosenassubjectsforthisdatingresearch.Tofigureoutthecreationeraofthesepaintings,QinZou,aresearcherfromWuhanUniversity,collected3,860muralpaintingsfrom194differentgrottoeswithconfirmedcreation-eralabels.Tofindthevisualcodesthatcanidentifytheerainthesepaintings,theauthorsbuiltadeepconvolutionalneuralnetwork(卷積神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò))andclassifiedthesepaintingimagesintotherighteras.Basedontheclassificationmodel,adatingmethodwasbuiltandappliedtodatethesevenpaintings.SixofthenewdatingresultswereapprovedbyexpertsfromDunhuangAcademy.“Thesedatingresultsarecorrectandthemethodisgreat,”saidMr.Hui-MinWang,adistinguishedexpertfromtheArchaeologicalInstituteofDunhuangAcademy.“Tothebestofourknowledge,”wrotetheresearchers,“thisworkrepresentsthefirstaccountofascientificandquantitativemannertosupporttheerapredictionandreducetheuncertaintiesindatingancientpaintingsbyusingdeeplearning.8.Whatmightbeareasonforsomemuralsremainingundated?A.Varietyofthedrawingstyles B.ErrorsofhistoricalliteratureC.Shortageofreferencematerials D.Disagreementofhistoricaldocuments.9.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.Whythedrawingstyleisalwayschanging B.Whatanewdatingmethodlookslike.C.Howpaintingdataarelearnedandquantified D.Whetheradatingapproachshouldbeapplied10.WhydoestheauthormentiontheexampleofCaveNo.205andNo.206?A.TocomparetwodifferentdrawingstylesB.TopresenttheapplicationofvisualcodesC.ToexplainthecreationoftheclassificationmodelD.Toanalyzethemainfeaturesofthepaintings11.Whatdotheresearchersthinkofthenewmethod?A.Itisabreakthrough B.ItclassifiesdrawingstylesC.Itbringsmanyuncertainties D.Itmakesaccuratepredictions【答案】8.C9.B10.B11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了研究人員已經(jīng)開發(fā)出一種新的測(cè)年方法來(lái)準(zhǔn)確地確定中國(guó)莫高窟古代壁畫的年代。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“However,somearestillleftwiththecreationera(年代)uncertainduetothelackofreferencematerialsorthedisagreementofartexperts.(然而，由于缺乏參考資料或藝術(shù)專家的意見分歧，有些人仍然對(duì)創(chuàng)作時(shí)代不確定)”可知，導(dǎo)致一些壁畫沒(méi)有注明日期是原因可能是參考資料不足。故選C。【9題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Thedrawingstyleofmuralpaintingswaschangingthroughouthistoryandcanbelearnedandquantified(量化)throughpaintingdata.Anewdatingmethodhasbeendevelopedbyencoding(編碼)thedrawingstylesusingvisualcodeslearnedthroughdeeplearning.ThisnewmethodsuccessfullydiscoveredthecreationeraofsixmuralpaintingsatMogaoGrottoes.(壁畫的繪畫風(fēng)格在歷史上不斷變化，可以通過(guò)繪畫數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)和量化。一種新的追溯方法是通過(guò)深度學(xué)習(xí)的視覺編碼來(lái)編碼繪畫風(fēng)格。這種新方法成功地發(fā)現(xiàn)了莫高窟六幅壁畫的創(chuàng)作年代)”可知，第二段的主要內(nèi)容是新的年代測(cè)定方法是什么樣的。故選B?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Thedrawingstyleofmuralpaintingswaschangingthroughouthistoryandcanbelearnedandquantified(量化)throughpaintingdata.Anewdatingmethodhasbeendevelopedbyencoding(編碼)thedrawingstylesusingvisualcodeslearnedthroughdeeplearning.ThisnewmethodsuccessfullydiscoveredthecreationeraofsixmuralpaintingsatMogaoGrottoes.(壁畫的繪畫風(fēng)格在歷史上不斷變化，可以通過(guò)繪畫數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)和量化。一種新的追溯方法是通過(guò)深度學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)習(xí)的視覺編碼來(lái)編碼繪畫風(fēng)格。這種新方法成功地發(fā)現(xiàn)了莫高窟六幅壁畫的創(chuàng)作年代)”以及第三段“WiththehelpofexpertsfromDunhuangAcademy,sevenmuralpaintingsfromtwogrottoes(No.205andNo.206)werechosenassubjectsforthisdatingresearch.(在敦煌研究院專家的幫助下，選取了205號(hào)和206號(hào)兩個(gè)石窟的7幅壁畫作為研究對(duì)象)”可推知，作者提到205號(hào)和206號(hào)洞穴的例子是為了展示視覺代碼的應(yīng)用。故選B?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Tothebestofourknowledge,”wrotetheresearchers,“thisworkrepresentsthefirstaccountofascientificandquantitativemannertosupporttheerapredictionandreducetheuncertaintiesindatingancientpaintingsbyusingdeeplearning.(“據(jù)我們所知，”研究人員寫道，“這項(xiàng)工作是第一次用科學(xué)和定量的方式來(lái)支持時(shí)代預(yù)測(cè)，并通過(guò)深度學(xué)習(xí)來(lái)減少古代繪畫年代確定的不確定性?！?”可推知，研究人員認(rèn)為這種新方法是一個(gè)突破。故選A。DAstudypublishedrecentlyshowsthattomatofruitsareabletotransmitalertstotheirmotherplantwhenattackedbycaterpillars.Plantshavealargenumberofchemicalandhormonalsignalingpathways,whicharegenerallytransmittedthroughthesap(樹液).Giventhefactthatfruitsjusthangfromthemainplantbeforeultimatelyfallingoffandsaptypicallyonlyrunsfromtheplanttothefruit—notbackandforthbetweenthetwo—ithaslongbeenunclearwhetherornotfruitscantransmitinformationtotheplant.Toaddressthatquestion,scientistsatBrazil’sFederalUniversityofPelotasplacedtomatoplantsinaFaradaycage.Electrodes(電極)wereattachedtotheendsoftheplants’branchesatthepointswheretheyconnectedtothefruits.Thentheymeasuredelectricalresponseswithinthebranchesbefore,duringandaftera24-hourperiodinwhichthefruitswereattackedbycaterpillars.Machine-learning-basedalgorithmswereusedtoidentifypatternsinthesignals.Itwasfoundthattherewasa“cleardifference”betweenthesignalsbeforeandaftercaterpillarattacks.Additionally.defensivebiochemicalresponseswereobservedthroughouttheplants’bodies,suggestingthattheyhadbeentriggeredbysignalssentbythefruits.Theresearchersgavethefollowingexplanation.Thetomatofruit,sensinganearbyinsect,releasedelectricalsignalstoreachtherestoftheplant.Thesewarningsimpulseswerereceivedbythemainplantandasaresult,therestoftheplantgotpreparedtofightofftheunwantedinvaders.Thetomatofruitmadesurethattheplantproducedchemicalsthatwereunpleasanttotaste,sothathungrycaterpillarsstayedoffthefruit.Thescientistsnowplanoninvestigatingwhetherotherfruitingplantsbehaveinthesamemannerastomatoes,andwhethertheirfruitsrespondtothreatsotherthaninsects.Theybelieveunderstandinghowtheplantinteractswithitsfruits,andthefruitsamongthemselves,maybringinsightsintohowtomakeuseofthiscommunicationforenhancingfruitquality,resistancetopestsandshelflifeafterharvest.12.Whichofthefollowingmagazineisthetextmostlikelyselectedfrom?A.FrontiersinSustainableFoodSystems.B.ExtraordinaryArchitect.C.NationalGeographic.D.TheEconomist.13.Whatfunctiondoessapserveinparagraph2?A.Amediumthatcantransmitsignals.B.Afirewallthatcanpreventattacks.C.Ashelterwhereinformationstores.D.Apathwaywhichwaterrunsthrough.14.What’sthereactionofthetomatofruitaftersensinganearbycaterpillar?A.Itfoughtagainsttheinvaders.B.Itproducedanunpleasanttaste.C.Itreleasedastinkysmell.D.Itemittedelectricalsignals.15.Whatwillscientistsdointhefollowingresearch?A.Improvefruitoutput.B.Decreasepestspecies.C.Expandresearchfields.D.Investigateotherinsects.【答案】12.A13.A14.D15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述研究發(fā)現(xiàn)番茄果實(shí)在受到毛毛蟲攻擊時(shí)能夠向其母株發(fā)出警報(bào)?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章最后一段“Thescientistsnowplanoninvestigatingwhetherotherfruitingplantsbehaveinthesamemannerastomatoes,andwhethertheirfruitsrespondtothreatsotherthaninsects.Theybelieveunderstandinghowtheplantinteractswithitsfruits,andthefruitsamongthemselves,maybringinsightsintohowtomakeuseofthiscommunicationforenhancingfruitquality,resistancetopestsandshelflifeafterharvest.(科學(xué)家們現(xiàn)在計(jì)劃調(diào)查其他結(jié)果植物的行為是否與番茄相同，以及它們的果實(shí)是否對(duì)昆蟲以外的威脅做出反應(yīng)。他們相信，了解植物如何與果實(shí)相互作用，以及果實(shí)之間的相互作用，可以深入了解如何利用這種交流來(lái)提高果實(shí)質(zhì)量，對(duì)害蟲的抗性和收獲后的保質(zhì)期。)”以及上文可以推斷，這篇文章主要講食物方面的內(nèi)容，所以可能出現(xiàn)在A項(xiàng)FrontiersinSustainableFoodSystems(可持續(xù)糧食系統(tǒng)的前沿)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段“Plantshavealargenumberofchemicalandhormonalsignalingpathways,whicharegenerallytransmittedthroughthesap(樹液).(植物有大量的化學(xué)和激素信號(hào)通路，通常通過(guò)樹液傳遞。)”可知，樹液作為介質(zhì)傳遞大量的化學(xué)和激素信號(hào)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第四段“Thetomatofruit,sensinganearbyinsect,releasedelectricalsignalstoreachtherestoftheplant.(番茄果實(shí)感應(yīng)到附近的昆蟲，釋放出電信號(hào)到達(dá)植物的其他部分。)”可知，當(dāng)番茄果實(shí)感受到周圍由昆蟲時(shí)，會(huì)釋放出電信號(hào)。故選D項(xiàng)。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章最后一段“Thescientistsnowplanoninvestigatingwhetherotherfruitingplantsbehaveinthesamemannerastomatoes,andwhethertheirfruitsrespondtothreatsotherthaninsects.(科學(xué)家們現(xiàn)在計(jì)劃調(diào)查其他結(jié)果植物的行為是否與番茄相同，以及它們的果實(shí)是否對(duì)昆蟲以外的威脅做出反應(yīng)。)”可知，科學(xué)家將擴(kuò)展研究領(lǐng)域，看是否將這研究結(jié)果應(yīng)用于其它植物。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。EPetownershaveabigresponsibilitywhenitcomestotakingcareoftheirfurryfriendsUnfortunately,manypetownersmakecommonmistakesasfollows.●NotprovidingenoughexerciseormentalstimulationforyourpetAllpetsneedregularexerciseandmentalstimulationtostayhealthyandhappy.____16____Mentalstimulationisalsoessentialtokeepyourpetfit.Youcangiveyourpetpuzzletoys,playnewgameswiththem,orteachthemnewtricks.●OverfeedingYoumightthinkyou’redoingyourpetafavorbygivingthemextratreats,butoverfeedingcandomoreharmthangood.____17____.Therefore,ensureyou’refollowingthefeedingguidelineonthebagandnotgivingintothosepuppy-dogeyestoooften.●NotsocializingyourpuppySocializationiskeytoawell-behavedandhappydog.Makesuretointroduceyourpuppytodifferentpeople,animalsandsituations.____18________19____Petsaregreatathidingtheirpainanddiscomfort,soit’simportanttowatchforanychangeinbehaviororappetite.Don’thesitatetobringsomethingupwithyourvetifyounoticesomethingoff.Tohelpavoidthesetypesoferrors,WandaMorgan,ChiefEditorofWorkoutLunatic,givesthefollowingtips.●PositivereinforcementPositivereinforcementisalwaysthewaytogowhentrainingyourpet.Usetreatsandverbalpraisetoencouragegoodbehaviorinsteadofpunishmentorscolding.●Addressingunderlyinganxietycauses____20____.Giveyourpetplentyofengagingactivitiesandplaytimetokeeptheirmindsandbodiesactiveandhappy.A.IgnoringsignsofillnessB.NottrustingyourpuppyC.Itcanhelpthemgrowconfidentandwell-adjustedD.ItcanleadtoobesityandotherseriousmedicalconditionsE.MentalexerciseiscrucialtoyourpetasmuchasphysicalexerciseF.Anxiety-basedbehaviorcanstemfromalackofattentionorstimulationG.Withoutenoughphysicalactivity,yourpetmaybecomeoverweightorbored【答案】16.G17.D18.C19.A20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了一些養(yǎng)狗的錯(cuò)誤以及建議?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Allpetsneedregularexerciseandmentalstimulationtostayhealthyandhappy.(所有的寵物都需要定期的鍛煉和精神鼓勵(lì)來(lái)保持健康和快樂(lè))”以及后文“Mentalstimulationisalsoessentialtokeepyourpetfit.Youcangiveyourpetpuzzletoys,playnewgameswiththem,orteachthemnewtricks(精神鼓勵(lì)對(duì)保持寵物健康也是必不可少的。你可以給你的寵物益智玩具，和他們玩新的游戲，或者教他們新的技巧)”可知，后文提到了精神鼓勵(lì)，可知本句是在說(shuō)明寵物的體育鍛煉，故G選項(xiàng)“如果沒(méi)有足夠的體育活動(dòng)，你的寵物可能會(huì)變得超重或感到無(wú)聊”符合語(yǔ)境，故選G?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Youmightthinkyou’redoingyourpetafavorbygivingthemextratreats,butoverfeedingcandomoreharmthangood.(你可能會(huì)認(rèn)為你給寵物額外的食物是在幫它們的忙，但過(guò)度喂食弊大于利)”以及后文“Therefore,ensureyou’refollowingthefeedingguidelineonthebagandnotgivingintothosepuppy-dogeyestoooften.(因此，確保你遵循袋子上的喂養(yǎng)指南，不要經(jīng)常屈服于那些小狗的眼睛)”可知，本句主要承接上文具體說(shuō)明過(guò)度喂食導(dǎo)致的問(wèn)題：肥胖和其他嚴(yán)重的疾病。故D選項(xiàng)“它會(huì)導(dǎo)致肥胖和其他嚴(yán)重的疾病”符合語(yǔ)境，故選D?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Socializationiskeytoawell-behavedandhappydog.Makesuretointroduceyourpuppytodifferentpeople,animalsandsituations.(社交是讓狗狗表現(xiàn)良好和快樂(lè)的關(guān)鍵。一定要把你的小狗介紹給不同的人、動(dòng)物和環(huán)境)”可知，上文提到了要讓狗狗去不同的環(huán)境中進(jìn)行社交，本句為本段最后一句，故說(shuō)明這么做的好處：幫助它們變得自信和適應(yīng)。故C選項(xiàng)“它可以幫助它們變得自信和適應(yīng)”符合語(yǔ)境，故選C。【19題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Petsaregreatathidingtheirpainanddiscomfort,soit’simportanttowatchforanychangeinbehaviororappetite.Don’thesitatetobringsomethingupwithyourvetifyounoticesomethingoff.(寵物很擅長(zhǎng)隱藏它們的痛苦和不適，所以觀察它們的行為或食欲的任何變化都很重要。如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)有什么不對(duì)勁，不要猶豫，告訴你的獸醫(yī))”可知，本段主要說(shuō)明了要重視狗的疾病跡象，故A選項(xiàng)“忽視疾病跡象”符合語(yǔ)境，故選A?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)標(biāo)題“●Addressingunderlyinganxietycauses(解決潛在的焦慮原因)”以及后文“Giveyourpetplentyofengagingactivitiesandplaytimetokeeptheirmindsandbodiesactiveandhappy.(給你的寵物足夠的有趣的活動(dòng)和玩耍時(shí)間，以保持他們的思想和身體活躍和快樂(lè))”可知，本句的主旨是說(shuō)明焦慮的原因，故F選項(xiàng)“基于焦慮的行為可能源于缺乏關(guān)注或激勵(lì)”符合語(yǔ)境，故選F。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)I’man18-year-oldstudent,tallandgood-looking.Lookingback,Irealizehowimportantitisto____21____oneself.BornandraisedinAfrica.IhadalwaystakenmyAfricanoriginasa(n)____22____.Myself-dislikewasfurther____23____whenmyfamilymovedtoNorway.Comparedtoallthewhitegirlsaroundme.Iwassodifferent.Mynoseoftenhadathinsheetof____24____,regardlessoftheweather.Whatalso____25____myself-dislikewasmystuttering(口吃).Italwaysstoodbetweenmeandanyfineopportunity.I’dtakenitasa(n)____26____toavoidanypublicspeakingsessions.____27____,therecameaturningpoint.Onedayawhitegirlcaughtmyeye.Tomy____28____,shehadathinsheetofsweatonhernosetoo,anditwasinNovember!“Wow,”Iwhisperedtomyself,“thisisn’tagenetic(遺傳的)disorder.It’sperfectly____29____.”Dayslater,mylifetookanother_____30_____.SearchingtheInternetforstutteringcures,I_____31_____learnedthatsuchfamouspeopleasNewtonandChurchillalsostuttered.Iwasgreatly_____32_____.Another_____33_____tomyself-confidencecameasIknewOprahWinfrey,thefamoushostandwriter,isblacktoo!Today,I’vegrowntoacceptwhatIamwithpride.Itsimplygivesmeafeelingof_____34_____.Theideaofself-lovehastaken_____35_____awholenewmeaningforme:there’salwayssomethingfantasticaboutus,andwhatweneedtodoislearntoappreciateit.21.A.forgive B.examine C.accept D.rescue22.A.mistake B.burden C.honor D.advantage23.A.weakened B.hidden C.explored D.fueled24.A.sweat B.freckle C.spot D.mark25.A.spedup B.washedaway C.contributedto D.heldback26.A.excuse B.trick C.lie D.plan27.A.Naturally B.Obviously C.Fortunately D.Constantly28.A.delight B.astonishment C.horror D.disappointment29.A.suitable B.necessary C.normal D.significant30.A.twist B.route C.direction D.risk31.A.secretly B.accidentally C.originally D.deliberately32.A.amused B.relieved C.confused D.touched33.A.threat B.key C.blow D.boost34.A.loneliness B.warmth C.satisfaction D.uniqueness35A.up B.away C.on D.in【答案】21.C22.B23.D24.A25.C26.A27.C28.B29.C30.A31.B32.B33.D34.D35.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者小時(shí)候因非洲血統(tǒng)感到自我厭惡，后來(lái)在生活中逐漸學(xué)會(huì)了接受自己。作者感慨：我們身上總有一些奇妙的東西，我們需要做的是學(xué)會(huì)欣賞它?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：回首往事，我意識(shí)到接受自己是多么重要。A.forgive原諒；B.examine檢查；C.accept接受；D.rescue救援。根據(jù)下文第四段“Today,I’vegrowntoacceptwhatIamwithpride.(今天，我已經(jīng)驕傲地接受了自己。)”可知，此處是指作者經(jīng)過(guò)一些事情學(xué)會(huì)了接受自己，故選C項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我一直把我的非洲血統(tǒng)當(dāng)作負(fù)擔(dān)。A.mistake錯(cuò)誤；B.burden負(fù)擔(dān)；C.honor榮譽(yù)；D.advantage優(yōu)勢(shì)。根據(jù)下文“Myself-dislikewasfurther(我的自我厭惡被進(jìn)一步……)”以及“Comparedtoallthewhitegirlsaroundme.Iwassodifferent.(與我周圍的白人女孩相比，我是如此的與眾不同。)”可知，作者討厭自己的非洲血統(tǒng)，認(rèn)為自己與眾不同，可推理出作者認(rèn)為自己的非洲血統(tǒng)是一種負(fù)擔(dān)，故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我全家搬到挪威時(shí)，我自己的厭惡情緒進(jìn)一步加劇了。A.weakened削弱；B.hidden隱藏；C.explored探險(xiǎn)；D.fueled加劇。根據(jù)上文“BornandraisedinAfrica.IhadalwaystakenmyAfricanoriginasa(n)burden(在非洲出生和長(zhǎng)大。我一直把我的非洲血統(tǒng)當(dāng)作負(fù)擔(dān)。)”以及下文“whenmyfamilymovedtoNorway.Comparedtoallthewhitegirlsaroundme.Iwassodifferent.(……當(dāng)我全家搬到挪威時(shí)。與我周圍的白人女孩相比，我是如此的與眾不同。)”可知，作者一直認(rèn)為自己的非洲血統(tǒng)是一種負(fù)擔(dān)，后來(lái)搬家之后，認(rèn)為自己和周圍的白人女孩不同，這加劇了作者的自我厭惡，故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：不管天氣如何，我的鼻子經(jīng)常出一層薄薄的汗。A.sweat汗；B.freckle雀斑；C.spot斑點(diǎn)；D.mark記號(hào)。根據(jù)下文第三段“shehadathinsheetofsweatonhernosetoo(她的鼻子上也出了一層薄薄的汗)”可知，此處說(shuō)的是作者的鼻子上經(jīng)常出一層薄薄的汗，故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：另一個(gè)導(dǎo)致我自我厭惡的原因是我的口吃。A.spedup加速；B.washedaway沖走；C.contributedto促成，是……的原因；D.heldback隱瞞。根據(jù)下文“myself-dislike(我的自我厭惡)”以及“mystuttering(我的口吃)”可知“我的口吃”是導(dǎo)致“我的自我厭惡”的原因，故選C項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我把它當(dāng)作避免公開演講的借口。A.excuse借口；B.trick把戲；C.lie謊言；D.plan計(jì)劃。根據(jù)上文“mystuttering(我的口吃)”以及下文“toavoidanypublicspeakingsessions.(避免任何公開演講)”可推理出，此處說(shuō)的是作者把自己的口吃當(dāng)成避免任何公開演講的借口，故選A項(xiàng)。【27題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：幸運(yùn)的是，出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。A.Naturally自然地；B.Obviously明顯地；C.Fortunately幸運(yùn)地；D.Constantly不斷地；根據(jù)下文“therecameaturningpoint(出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn))”結(jié)合上文提到作者自我厭惡可知，幸運(yùn)的是出現(xiàn)了轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)，故選C項(xiàng)。【28題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：令我驚訝的是，她的鼻子上也有一層薄薄的汗，而且是在十一月！A.delight快樂(lè)；B.astonishment驚奇；C.horror恐怖；D.disappointment失望。根據(jù)下文“shehadathinsheetofsweatonhernosetoo(她的鼻子上也出了一層薄薄的汗)”可知，作者一直認(rèn)為自己鼻子上的汗是令自己厭惡的，以為這是自己與別人的不同之處，但是看見別人的鼻子上也有一層汗，感到吃驚，故選B項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這很正常。A.suitable合適的；B.necessary必要的；C.normal正常的；D.significant重要的。根據(jù)上文“thisisn’tagenetic(遺傳的)disorder(這不是遺傳性疾病)”可知，作者在看到別人鼻子上也有汗以后，認(rèn)為這不是遺傳性疾病，而是正常的，故選C項(xiàng)。【30題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：幾天后，我的生活又發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)折。A.twist轉(zhuǎn)折；B.route航線；C.direction方向；D.risk危險(xiǎn)。根據(jù)下文“suchfamouspeopleasNewtonandChurchillalsostuttered(牛頓和丘吉爾等名人也結(jié)結(jié)巴巴)”可知，之前作者認(rèn)為自己說(shuō)話口吃，導(dǎo)致自我厭惡，現(xiàn)在發(fā)現(xiàn)牛頓和丘吉爾等名人也結(jié)巴，這使得作者有了自信，生活發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)折，故選A項(xiàng)。【31題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：在網(wǎng)上搜索治療口吃的方法，我偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)牛頓和丘吉爾等名人也有口吃。A.secretly秘密地；B.accidentally偶然地；C.originally起初；D.deliberately故意地。根據(jù)上文“SearchingtheInternetforstutteringcures(在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上搜索口吃的治療方法)”可知，作者是在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上搜索口吃治療方法的時(shí)候，偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)牛頓和丘吉爾等名人也有口吃，故選B項(xiàng)。【32題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我松了一口氣。A.amused愉快的；B.relieved感到寬慰的；C.confused迷惑的；D.touched感激。根據(jù)上文“suchfamouspeopleasNewtonandChurchillalsostuttered(牛頓和丘吉爾等名人也結(jié)結(jié)巴巴)”可知，作者知道了牛頓和丘吉爾等名人也結(jié)結(jié)巴巴，從此不再對(duì)自己的口吃問(wèn)題感到自我厭惡，可推理出空白處應(yīng)填表示“感到寬慰的”含義的形容詞，故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我知道著名主持人兼作家奧普拉·溫弗瑞也是黑人時(shí)，我的信心又得到了提升！A.threat威脅；B.key鑰匙；C.blow吹；D.boost增長(zhǎng)。根據(jù)下文“IknewOprahWinfrey,thefamoushostandwriter,isblacktoo(我知道著名主持人兼作家奧普拉·溫弗瑞也是黑人)”可知，這是使得作者擺脫自我厭惡，變得自信的推動(dòng)因素之一，結(jié)合上文得知鼻子上有汗是正常的、名人也有口吃的可知，作者的自信增長(zhǎng)了，故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：它的確給我一種獨(dú)特的感覺。A.loneliness孤獨(dú)；B.warmth溫暖；C.satisfaction滿意；D.uniqueness唯一性。根據(jù)上文“Today,I’vegrowntoacceptwhatIamwithpride(今天，我驕傲地接受了自己)”以及下文“awholenewmeaningforme(對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)……全新的意義)”可知此處上下文說(shuō)的是作者自豪地接受了自己之后，有了全新的感覺，可推理出這種全新的感覺對(duì)作者來(lái)說(shuō)是一種獨(dú)特的感受，空白處應(yīng)填表示“獨(dú)特性”含義的名詞，故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：自愛的想法對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)有了全新的意義：我們身上總有一些奇妙的東西，我們需要做的是學(xué)會(huì)欣賞它。A.up沿著；B.