小學(xué)英語常見四種時(shí)態(tài)講解與練習(xí)

動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的根本概念一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、存在的狀態(tài)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作的時(shí)態(tài)。常見的標(biāo)志詞〔時(shí)間狀語〕主要有：every…、sometimes、at…、onSundays、usually,often,never,always等。2一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)EQ\o\ac(○,1)be動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語+Be動(dòng)詞+其他成分Iamaboy.EQ\o\ac(○,2)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞+其他成分WestudyEnglish.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的具體形式EQ\o\ac(○,1)be動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)第一人稱單數(shù)I+amIamastudent.第二人稱單數(shù)you和其他人稱復(fù)數(shù)we/you/they+areYouarealuckygirl.Wearestudentsinthisschool.第三人稱單數(shù)he/she/it+isSheismyteacher.例題：用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。IfromChina.Itveryhottoday.Theyinthehospital.Wegoodstudents.Sheabeautifulgirl.EQ\o\ac(○,2)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)第一、二人稱單數(shù)I/you和其他人稱復(fù)數(shù)we/you/they+動(dòng)詞原形Igetupat8o’clock.Theygotoschooleveryday.第三人稱單數(shù)he/she/it+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式Itrunsfast.Hestudieshard.例題：用說給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。Wehomeeveryday.〔go〕Treesgreeninspring.〔turn〕Heveryhard.〔study〕TheboyupatsevenO'clock.〔get〕Theearthroundthesun.〔move〕補(bǔ)充：主語為第三人稱單數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞的變化規(guī)那么：狀況變化規(guī)那么發(fā)音例詞一般情況 加-s清輔音后讀【s】濁輔音和元音后讀【z】swim-swims；help-helps；like-likes以o結(jié)尾的詞加-es讀【z】go-goes；do-does以s,sh,ch,x等結(jié)尾的詞加-es讀【iz】watches以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞變y為i再加es讀【z】study-studies不規(guī)那么變化動(dòng)詞 變have為has變be為am,is,arehave-hasbe-am,is,are3一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句型變化EQ\o\ac(○,1)be動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)肯定句Heisaworker.否認(rèn)句主語+be動(dòng)詞+not+其他Heisnotaworker.一般疑問句Be動(dòng)詞+主語+其他-Isheaworker？-Yes,heis./No,heisnot.特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句Whereishe？例題：寫出以下句子中所缺的be動(dòng)詞，并用肯定及否認(rèn)形式答復(fù)。--yourfatherateacher?--Yes,.No,.--theyintheroom?--Yes,.No,.寫出以下句子的否認(rèn)句。Iamathome.Mr.Liisaprofessor.EQ\o\ac(○,2)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)肯定句Ilikebread.Heoftenplays.否認(rèn)句主語+don’t/doesn’t+動(dòng)詞原形Idon’tlikebread.Hedoesn’toftenplay.一般疑問句Do/Does+主語+動(dòng)詞原形–Doyoulikebread?–Yes,Ido./No,Idon’t.–Doesheoftenplay?–Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t.特殊疑問句疑問詞+一般疑問句Whatdoyoulike?Wheredoesheoftenplay?例題：將以下句子改寫為否認(rèn)句。Ihavelunchatschool.Theyplaybasketballontheplayground.Mr.ZhangknowsFrench.4一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的根本用法表示人或物的特征Heisadoctor.Thedogiswhiteandblack.2.表示習(xí)慣性或經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作，常與always,often,usauylly,seldom,everyday,sometimes,weekends，Mondays等表示時(shí)間與頻率的詞連用。Ileavehomeat6o’clockeveryday.Tomalwaysplayfootballafterschool.WeusuallygotoschoolbybusonTuesdays.表示永恒不變的事實(shí)或真理BeijingisthecapitalofChina.Thesnowiswhite.例題：用說給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。He(have)blueeyes.We(go)toschooleveryday.We(have)noclassesonweekends.She(write)alettertoherfriendonceaweek.Tom(ride)abiketoschool.PeterandMaryoften(play)badmintontogether.Practice(make)perfect.一般將來時(shí)一般將來時(shí)1一般將來時(shí)的根本概念一般將來時(shí)表示將來某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，或?qū)砟骋欢螘r(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。一般將來時(shí)由助動(dòng)詞shall〔第一人稱〕，will〔第二、三人稱〕+動(dòng)詞原形或be〔am/is/are〕+goingto+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。2一般將來時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)EQ\o\ac(○,1)主語+will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形+其他局部Weshallplaythisafternoon.Hewillhavealessonafterlunch.EQ\o\ac(○,2)主語+be〔am/is/are〕+goingto+動(dòng)詞原形+其他局部Iamgoingtogotothelibrary。TheyaregoingtowatchTVthisevening。Sheisgoingtogofishingthisweek。一般將來時(shí)的具體形式EQ\o\ac(○,1)第一人稱I/we+shall+動(dòng)詞原形Ishallbeschoolin10minutes.WeshallgotoBeijingforoursummerholiday.其他人稱單復(fù)數(shù)+will+動(dòng)詞原形Tomwillgoswimmingtomorrow.Youwillgetwellsoon.Theywillcomebackthisafternoon.例題：用說給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。I(go)totheUSAtomorrow.We(visit)hernewweek.Thepilot(fly)toChinathemonthafterthenext.It(take)usalongtimetolearnEnglishwell.He(be)thereatseventomorrowmorning.EQ\o\ac(○,2)be〔am/is/are〕+goingto+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成1.第一人稱單數(shù)I+am++aregoingto+動(dòng)詞原形Iamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow.2.第二人稱單數(shù)you和其他人稱復(fù)數(shù)we/you/they+aregoingto+動(dòng)詞原形Youaregoingtogotothepark.WearegoingtohaveapicnicthisSaturday。studentsinthisschool.3.第三人稱單數(shù)he/she/it+isgoingto+動(dòng)詞原形Sheisgoingtosendanemailtoherfriend。例題：用說給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。I(go)totheUSAtomorrow.We(visit)hernewweek.TheClarks(play)atthebeachthisSunday.He(be)goingtogorunningatseventomorrowmorning.3一般將來時(shí)的句型變化EQ\o\ac(○,1)shall〔第一人稱〕，will〔第二、三人稱〕+動(dòng)詞原形肯定句TheywillgotoparkthisSunday.否認(rèn)句主語+will+not+動(dòng)詞原形TheywillnotgotoparkthisSunday.一般疑問句Will+主語+動(dòng)詞原形-WilltheygotoparkthisSunday?-Yes,theywill./No,theywillnot.特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句WherewilltheygothisSunday?例題：按要求改寫句子。Samwillmoveintonewhousenextyear..〔改寫為否認(rèn)句〕?〔改寫為一般疑問句〕?〔改寫為特殊疑問句〕注釋：改寫為特殊疑問句時(shí)，可根據(jù)句子的不同局部進(jìn)行改寫。Samwillmoveintonewhousenextyear.Whowillmoveintonewhousenextyear?Samwillmoveintonewhousenextyear.WherewillSammoveintonextyear?Samwillmoveintonewhousenextyear.WhenwillSammoveintonewhouse?EQ\o\ac(○,2)be〔am/is/are〕+goingto+動(dòng)詞原形肯定句主語+is/am/are+goingto+動(dòng)詞原形TheyaregoingtogotoparkthisSunday.否認(rèn)句主語+is/am/are+not+goingto+動(dòng)詞原形TheyarenotgoingtogotoparkthisSunday.一般疑問句Is/Am/Are+主語+goingto+動(dòng)詞原形-AretheygoingtogototheparkthisSunday?-Yes,theyare./No,theyarenot.特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句WherearetheygoingtogothisSunday?例題：按要求改寫句子。Heisgoingtoclimbthemountainstomorrow..〔改寫為否認(rèn)句〕?〔改寫為一般疑問句〕6.?〔改寫為特殊疑問句〕4一般將來時(shí)的用法一般將來時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。Iwill(shall)gettheretomorrow.Willyoubefreenextweekend?Wewon’t(shan’t)bebusythisevening.在以第一人稱I或we作主語的問句中，一般使用shall，這時(shí)或是征求對(duì)方的意見，或是詢問一個(gè)情況Whereshallwehaveameeting?Shallwehavecomputerclasstomorrow?begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形，這個(gè)形式常用于表示打算，方案和安排好的事情Wearegoingtohaveatripnextyear.Howareyougoingtospendyourweekend?例題：選擇正確的答案。()1.Heverybusythisweek,hefreenextweek.A.willbe,isB.is,isC.willbe,willbeD.is,willbe()2.Thereameetingtomorrow.wasB.isgoingtohaveC.willhaveD.isgoingtobe()3.--Whereisthepaper?--Iitforyouatonce.A.getB.amgettingC.togetD.willget()4.Hehimabeautifulbagnextbirthday.A.givesB.gaveC.willgivingD.isgoingtogive()5.Heinthreedays.A.comingbackB.camebackC.willcomebackD.isgoingtocomingback現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的根本概念表示此時(shí)此刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或事情?！罢谶M(jìn)行時(shí)〞的事件，可能發(fā)生幾年了，也可能只有幾分鐘。仍在進(jìn)行中這是“正在進(jìn)行時(shí)〞的關(guān)鍵所在。它是一件持續(xù)進(jìn)行的事情。2現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)主語+be動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞ingHeisswimming.Theyareplaying.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的具體形式第一人稱單數(shù)I+am+動(dòng)詞ingIamreadingastorybook.Iampracting.第二人稱單數(shù)you/各人稱復(fù)數(shù)we/you/they+are+動(dòng)詞ingTheyaredoinghomework.Weareplayinggames.第三人稱單數(shù)he/she/it+is+動(dòng)詞ingHeiscleaningthehouse.Tomisplayingbasketball.例題：將以下句子改成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1.TomcanspeakJapanese.2.Wehavelessons.3.IwatchTVeveryday.4.Sheworksinafactory.5.KittyandBenhavelunchatabouttwelve.注釋：在改寫句子的過程中，首先需要根據(jù)每句話的主語的單復(fù)數(shù)確定be應(yīng)該采用的形式，加在主語的后面，然后找出句子中的動(dòng)詞，將動(dòng)詞改寫為動(dòng)詞ing形式，最后將所給句子的時(shí)間詞改寫為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間詞。牢記現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+be動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞ing形式。動(dòng)詞ing變化規(guī)那么形式例詞直接+ingsleep+ing-sleeping去掉不發(fā)音的e+ingbite-e+ing-biting重讀閉音節(jié)，且末尾只有1個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫輔音字母+ingsit+t+ingsitting特殊變化die-dying,lie-lying3現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的句型變化肯定句Boysareplayingfootballonthegrass.否認(rèn)句主語+be動(dòng)詞+not+動(dòng)詞ingBoysarenotplayingfootballonthegrass.一般疑問句Be動(dòng)詞+主語+動(dòng)詞ingAreboysplayingfootballonthegrass?特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句Whereareboysplayingfootball?例題：按要求改寫句子。Leeisswimminginthesea..〔改寫為否認(rèn)句〕?〔改寫為一般疑問句〕?〔改寫為特殊疑問句〕TheyarehavingEnglishclass..〔改寫為否認(rèn)句〕?〔改寫為一般疑問句〕?〔改寫為特殊疑問句〕4一般將來時(shí)的用法表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事情〔說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行〕Myfatherisreadingnewspapernow.Look!Girlsaresinginganddancing.表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作〔說話時(shí)不一定正在進(jìn)行〕Wearelearningcomputerthismonth.Theyarewritingfairytalesthisterm.選擇填空。1.Sheis_____(run,running)now.2.Look,Nickis_____(coming,come).3.Listen,sheis_____(singing,sing).4.Thefishis_____(swimming,swim)intheriver.5.Theyare_____(sitting,sit)intheclassroom.一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)1一般過去時(shí)的根本概念一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語last…、yesterday、…ago、in1990等連用。2一般過去時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)EQ\o\ac(○,1)Be動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)主語+be動(dòng)詞過去式+其他成分ShewasinBeijinglastyear.EQ\o\ac(○,2)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)主語+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞過去式+其他成分Wewenttoschoolyesterday.一般過去時(shí)的具體形式EQ\o\ac(○,1)Be動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)第一人稱I/第三人稱單數(shù)he/she/it+wasHewasateacher.第二人稱單數(shù)you/各人稱復(fù)數(shù)we/you/they+wereYouwerethebeststudentsinourclass.Theywerelatethedaybeforeyesterday.例題：用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空Iatschooljustnow.Heatthesummercamplastweek.Theystudentstwoyearsago.Limingtenyearsoldlastyear.Thereapearonthedeskyesterday.EQ\o\ac(○,2)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)各人稱單/復(fù)數(shù)+動(dòng)詞的過去式Wevisitedmygrandparentslastweek.Mymothergavemeanewpen.例題：用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空He(live)inBeijing3yearsago.Thedog(eat)abirdlastnight.We(have)apartylastyear.I(make)amodelplanewithmyfatheryesterday.They(play)thepianolastnight.Hisfather(read)anewspaperlastnight.注：一般過去式變化規(guī)那么：規(guī)那么變化：動(dòng)詞詞尾加edwork-worked，play-played以不發(fā)音的-e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞詞尾加-dlive-lived，move-moved以輔音字+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把-y變?yōu)?i再加-edstudy-studied，try-tried以一個(gè)輔音字母+元音字母+輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞，雙寫詞尾輔音字母，再加-edstop-stopped，plan-planned不規(guī)那么變化go-went，make-made，buy-bought，come-came，fly-flew3一般過去時(shí)的句型變化EQ\o\ac(○,1)Be動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)肯定句Hewasverybusyyesterday.否認(rèn)句主語+be動(dòng)詞過去式+not+其他成分Hewasnotverybusyyesterday.一般疑問句be動(dòng)詞過去式+主語+其他成分Washeverybusyyesterday?特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句Whywasheverybusyyesterday?例題：句型轉(zhuǎn)換。Itwasboring.否認(rèn)句一般疑問句肯定答復(fù)，否認(rèn)答復(fù)特殊疑問句Theywereveryexcitedyesterday.否認(rèn)句一般疑問句肯定答復(fù)，否認(rèn)答復(fù)特殊疑問句EQ