2018小學英語語法大全(超實用)

小學英語語法大全超實用一、名詞（可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞）二、人稱代詞

三、冠詞

四、動詞

五、介詞

六、數(shù)詞

七、形容詞和副詞八、therebe結(jié)構(gòu)九、句式1.肯定句

2.否定句

3.疑問句

4.祈使句十、時態(tài)：

1.一般現(xiàn)在時

2.一般過去時

3.現(xiàn)在進行時4.一般將來時十一、 的特殊疑問句一、名詞英語語法中，名詞有兩種數(shù)的形式：1）單數(shù)（表示一個人或事物）;2）復數(shù)（表示多于一個的人或數(shù)）。只有可數(shù)名詞才有復數(shù)形式。名詞的數(shù):形式名詞復數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成 例詞訓books,cups,ca+Ndogs,birds,arms]days,players變化規(guī)則發(fā)音一般情況+SL清輔音結(jié)尾的名詞后［s］2濁輔音結(jié)尾的名詞后［0；3.元音結(jié)尾的名詞后［N］；以§?sh,?ch,+es[iz]bus.brush,boxes,watch.-z結(jié)尾的名詞大多數(shù)以-0結(jié)+es[z]tomatoes,尾的名詞potatoes以元音字母加。+sradios,pianos結(jié)尾的名詞把y改成i再加es[z]stories,families,babies以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞以f和色結(jié)尾把f或他改成v再加es[z]thieves,knives的大多數(shù)名詞 由元音字母的變化構(gòu)成：

man-men.tooth-teeth,foot-feet, mouse-mic%woman-women

2.有些名詞的復數(shù)形式與單數(shù)的形式一樣：

sheep,deer,fish（但也可以是fishes） 3.有些名詞變成復數(shù)時加-en：

I child-children,ox-oxen還事則名詞的愛）Practise^)Lpeachpeaches3.glassglasses2.zoozoos

4.foxfoxes5?ladyladies6.pollcewomanpolicewomen7.househouses

9.monkeymonkeys11roseroses13.judgejudges 8.photopho十os lO.wifewives ]2.pathpa+hs_14.mapmapsPractise1. He （他）ismybrother.2.1hadaletterfrom her （她）.3.Ifsallright;ifsonly me .（我）.4.Today we （我們）wentin our _（我們的）tomorrow we （我們）aregoingin 十heirs （他們的工5. I （我）lend my （我的）booksgladlyto my（我的）friendsandto yours （你的）.6.Canyouhelp me 一 （我）with my （我的）English.7.When you （你）90toseepleasetakethesebooksto himyour （你的）father,（他）汁 （它）difficulttolearnGerman. 雙重所有格所有格的形式單數(shù)人稱名詞末尾加's

以-s結(jié)尾的單數(shù)人稱名詞末尾加's child-child^wcdlress-wailress's不規(guī)則的復數(shù)人稱名詞末尾加'schildren'schildren-以-S結(jié)尾的復數(shù)人稱名詞末尾加，以T結(jié)尾的一些人名末尾加' S girls-girls,James-James's下列情況一般用“of”結(jié)構(gòu)：

1.東西（沒有現(xiàn)成的復合名詞時）：十hebookofthefilm2.東西的一部分：thebottomofthebox 3.抽象的概念：thepriceofsuccess

Mof短語中的名詞被另一個短語或從句修飾時：

Can午youlookatthebookoftheboybehindyou?'s結(jié)構(gòu)也可以用于“of”結(jié)構(gòu)之后，如：afriendofmyfathers,出現(xiàn)這種情況是因為在一個名詞前通常只用一個限定詞，又如：thissonofmin%afriendofyours,acousinofhers等等。Isn'tFrankafriendofyours?ThatsillyuncleofTom'shastoldmethesameJokefiveTimes.冠

詞不定冠詞的用法：

1.表示“一”，“任何一個”或“不管哪一個”的意思。Ihaveasisterandtwobrothers.2.在某些度量表示法中：

WehavePElessonsthreetimesaweek.3.用在單數(shù)的表語名詞前，以表示職業(yè)、行業(yè)、宗教、等級等。 Georgewantstobeanengineer.4.在以wh"引導的感嘆句中，單數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞前。Whataprettygirl!5.一些常用短語中。haveagoodtime,halfanhour,haveaheadache....定冠詞的用法：1.用來表示“獨一無二”的意思。Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.2.表示“說話的人剛剛提到過的人或事物”。 Thereisaboatintheriver.Theboatismadeofwood.3.用在后面跟有限定性介詞短語的名詞前。 theletterfromAmerica,thefourteenthofApril4.用在泛指的樂器名詞前。Heplaysthepiano.5.一些常用短語。way.inthemorning.WhaFsthematter?零冠詞的用法：1.泛指的抽象名詞前qLifeisveryhardforsomepeople.2.泛指的物質(zhì)名詞前。Waterisveryuseful.3.泛指的復數(shù)名詞前口Booksaremybestfriends.4.泛指的“餐"名前oCometohavedinner/breakfastwithme.5.大多數(shù)的專有名詞前。HecomesfromFrance.6.語言的名詞前。ShecanspeakFrench.7.在季節(jié)和節(jié)日的名詞前。Winteristhebesttimeforskating.8.當名詞前已有一些代詞修飾時”Mybrotherisasoldier.9.在體育項目的名詞前。playbasketball10—些常用短語°athome,gotoschool,atnightprimaryschool.4.Chinais ancientcountrywith a longhistory.5.Chinahasthe~populationof12hundredmillion.TheChinesepeopleare/6.Hermotheris greatpeople* Q universityteacher.Sheis Qnhonestwoman.7.Noneofthe.booksshouldbetakenoutof7h? nwithout librarian.I permissionof十he

8,ThePartyalwaysteachesustoworkfor / peopleheartandsouL

schoolby9.Shestudiesat/ No.3MiddleSchooLShegoesto /

/buseveryday.10.Myeldersisteris Q studentof / English.Shestudiesat _college.Q

UTimMondaybefore12.Haveyouhad / dinner? / SpringFestivalwasverycold. 四、動詞

動詞主要表示動作，其次表示狀態(tài)或性質(zhì),有時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣等形式的變化。小學階段所涉及的動詞主要有：實義動詞、be動詞、情態(tài)動詞can等。 am,is,areBe動詞f was,were been1.He is verygoodatEnglish. Practise2.MyfatherandI Cir。goingtoBeijingnextrr3 youondutythedaybeforeyesterday?4.AAr.King WHS inLondontwoweeksago.5.Thereare manykindsofanimalsinthezoo.6.What VIZIS thedateyesterday?7.Look!Alittlegirl iS flyingakite.8.Who WCIS notatschoollastMonday?9.HaveyoueverbeCH toJapan?notanurse.Iworkasadoctor.動詞的基本形式原形第三人稱單過去式過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞數(shù)現(xiàn)在式studystudiesstudiedstudiedstudyingdodoesdiddonedoinghavehashadhadhaving1earnlearnslearned/learntlearned/learntlearning第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在式情況變化規(guī)則例詞一般情況+Sworks,learns,eats,needs,says結(jié)尾為

s,x,sh,ch,o+espasses,washes,

teaches,goes,fixes結(jié)尾為輔音變y為i+escarries,studies,flies,hurries,cries字母+y動詞be和have的第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在式分別是is和haso動詞的過去式構(gòu)成在動詞后加ed在以結(jié)在以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞后，先變y為i再加ed在重讀閉音節(jié)或r音節(jié)尾的動詞后加ed結(jié)尾而末尾只有一個例詞讀音、輔音字母時，須雙寫這個輔音字母再加ed在清輔音后讀出lookedhopedstudiedstoppedwashedlikeddroppedpassedlivedplannedstayed在元音和濁輔音后讀[d]calledtriedpreferredcarried在輔音計卜[d]后讀[id]tastedadmittedneededpermitted現(xiàn)在分詞情況變化規(guī)則例詞一般情況+ingdoing#asking#helping以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾去e力口inghaving,taking,writing,living的動詞以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾雙寫最后一個輔音字母，再加ingrunning,

swimming,

putting,sitting而末尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞Practise原形第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在式過去式現(xiàn)在分詞have has

giveshad

gavehavinggivegivinggetgetsgotgettingreadreadsreadreadingsweepsweepingplayingsweeps sweptplays playedcarriescarriedplaycarrycarrying五、動詞的時態(tài) I 飛動詞時態(tài)是表示動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生或存在的時間和表示方式的一種動詞形式;小學階段所學的時態(tài)有：L—般現(xiàn)在時：work/works2.現(xiàn)在進行時：am/is/areworking3?一般過去時：worked4.—般將來時：am/is/aregoingtowork一般現(xiàn)在時通常表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的或習慣性的動作或目前的狀態(tài)。常與時間副詞連用：always,often.usually,every...,onSundays,twice基本結(jié)構(gòu) Qweek等?？隙ň?否定句 一般疑問句Iwork. Idon'十work. Do工work?Wework. Wedon'十work. Dowework?Youwork. youdon'十work. Doyouwork?Theywork. Theydon'十work. D。theywork?She] She] rshe]He L works. He卜doesn'twork. DoesJhe^ork； 1+J 〔i+J現(xiàn)在進行時通常表示說話時或現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生或進行著的動作。它所表示的動作具有持續(xù)性、暫時性和未完成性。常見的與現(xiàn)在進行時有關的詞有：基本結(jié)構(gòu) now,thesedays,look,listen^o肯定句 否定句 一般疑問句Iamworking. 工卬notworking* 4mIworking?Weareworking. We'renotworking. Areweworking?Youareworking. youarenJtworking* Areyouworking?Theyareworking.Theyaren'tworking.Aretheyworking；She]

He卜work%*isShe]

He>working.isn*tr sitfeIs,he卜working,Itit一般過去時通常表示過去某一時間所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，其中也包括習慣性動作。常與表示過去的時間狀語連用：yesterday,last...,...ago,justnow,in1998等?？隙ň浞穸ň銬idIwork?一般疑問句'\Didwework? /Didyouwork? \Didtheywork?/Did《he1it:產(chǎn)]《卜work?<Iworked.Ididn'twork.

Wedidn'twork.Weworked.Youworked.YoudidnJtwork.Theyworked.Theydidn'十work.She]

He }worked.She?1+JHe卜didn'十work.一般將來時表示將來發(fā)生的動作或情況。常與一些表示將來的時間狀語連用：十omorrow,next....Begoingtodo表示主體現(xiàn)在打算在最近或?qū)硪瞿呈拢灰部梢员硎尽邦A見”，即現(xiàn)在己有跡象表明將要發(fā)生或即將發(fā)生某種情況.肯定句否定句一般疑問句工'mgoingtowork.I'mnotgoingtowork.AmIgoingtowork?We'regoingtowork.Wearen'tgoingtowork.Arewegoingtowork?you'regoingtowork.Youaren'tgoingtowork.Areyougoingtowork?They'regoingtowork.Theyaren'tgoingtowork.Aretheygoingtowork?HeLisgoingtowork.She]I+JHeLisn'tgoingtowork.She]I+JIsJheIgoingtowork?「she]3J1.Peter p|cyw (play)basketballtwiceaweek.2.D。youbelievewhathe Said (say)justnow?3.Look!Thelazycatissleeping (sleep)inthesofa.4.There is (be)abookandtwopensonthedesk.5.Are yougoing十。See (see)afilmtomorrowmorning?6.She 但片十playing(no十play)theguitaratthemoment.7.Whatdoeshisfatherusually do (do)intheevening?8.Theyaregoing十0havefhave)ameetingnextweek,aren1!they?9.BothheandI QM (be)teachers.10.1didn'1"feel Fno十feel)verywellyesterday.ILHeputonhiscoatand wen十 (go)out.12.LeiFengoften helps (help)othersandhewashelpful.13.NextSunday,we 口「乞going十o.lenii (clean)upthepark.14.Hurry!Yourmother iswai+ing (wait)foryouattheschoolgate.六、介詞

介詞在句子中表示名詞或代詞等與其他詞之間的關系.不能單獨作句子成分，常位于名詞或代詞（或與之相當?shù)钠渌~類、短語，從句）前面構(gòu)成介詞短語。介詞后面的成分作介詞的賓語。Jractis”LLook orT thepicture.Ifspictureofmyschool.2.Thereisaschoolbuildingin myschool.Ithasfivefloors.Near theschoolbuilding,thereisabigplayground.After schooIzthechildrenalwaysplayballgamesthere.3.Myclassroomison thefifthfloor.Ifsbigandclean*4.MissLiisourclassteacher.Shecomesto schoolearlyeverymorning.Shecomesbybicycle.Thenshedoesmorningexerciseswith us.Shelikessports.Tomorrowisherbirthday.Wewillmakeacardforher.Weloveherverymuch.5.Therearesomeapples on thetree.6.-Where'syourstudy?-Ifsnextto mybedroom.7.ThecarunderthetreeisJack's.8.Theballisbehind thedoor,soyoucantseeit9.In froni" of 十hehouse,therearemanytrees.10.Listen!SomeoneisknockingQtthedoor.ILThereissomethingwrongwithrnycomputer. 七、數(shù)詞

1.表示數(shù)目的詞稱為基數(shù)詞

2.表示數(shù)目順序的詞稱為序數(shù)詞

L1一12的基數(shù)詞：

one,two.three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve13-19的基數(shù)詞：-teen

thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen20—90的基數(shù)詞：-ty twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,ninety21—29的基數(shù)：十位數(shù)和個位數(shù)之間要加連字符號“-”twenty-one,twenty-two,twenty-three,twenty-four,twenty-five,$twenty-six,twenty-seven,twenty-eight,twenty-nine thirty-nine,forty-eight,fifty-seven.--.2.百位數(shù): 百位數(shù)和十位數(shù)之間加and。onehundred#twohundred,threehundred,fourhundred...fivehundredandeight-six.sixhundredandninety-nine,sevenhundredandeight,eighthundredandone3.千位數(shù)：onethousand,fourthousand,seventhousandonehundredandfive'工質(zhì)英語中沒有“萬”這個單位，所以常用thousand來表示。tenthousand,thirtythousand,fifteenthousandonehundred,fivehundredandonethousandfourhundredandthirty-twoL英語序數(shù)詞第1-19除了first,second與十hird有特殊形式外，其余的都由 基數(shù)詞加后綴Th構(gòu)成。注意：fifth,eighth,nirrhh和twel什h的拼法白2.十位數(shù)的序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成方法是：先把十位數(shù)的基數(shù)詞的詞尾十y中的y變?yōu)閕, 然后加后綴-eth.如：twenty—twentieth,forty—fortieth3.十位數(shù)的序數(shù)詞如果含有1-9的個位數(shù)時，十位數(shù)用基數(shù)詞，個位數(shù)用序數(shù)詞，中間用 連字符。如：twenty-fourth,ninety-fifth4.百、千、萬等的序數(shù)詞由hundred，十housand,million等加Th,前面加有關的基數(shù)詞構(gòu)成。如：onehundredth,onethousandth注意：序數(shù)詞前的one不能用q代替。onehundredandtwenty-firstJractis^J)1.Thereare C daysinayear.A.threehundredssixty-five B.threehundredsandsixty-fiveC.threehundredandsixty-five threehundredandsixtyfive2 f) peopIevisitthismuseumeveryday.A.Hundred B.Hundreds C?Hundredof Hundredsof3?Therearetwo A peopleinthemeetingroom.A.hundred B.hundreds C.hundredsof D.hundredof4,A treeshavebeenplantedinourschoolinthepast10years,A.ThousandsofB?Twothousands C.Thousandof D.Twothousandof5.MybrotherisinBA.ThreeClass,OneGrade B.ClassThree,GradeOneGradeOne,ClassThree D?classthree,gradeone6.Wearegoingtoleorn thisterm.A.booksixB.sixbookC?thebooksixD?BookSix7.Wecansaythenumber78,645inEnglishlikethisCA.seventy-eightthousandandsixhundredandforty-fiveB.seventy-eightthousandsixhundredandfortyfiveC.seventy-eightthousandsixhundredandforty-fiveseventyeight8."Theyear1999"shouldberead"TheyearB 11<nineteenandninety-nine B.nineteenninety-nineC.onethousandninehundredandninety-nineD?nineteenhundredandninety-nine9?HewillcomehereB tomorrowmorning.A.atfifth B.atten C.ontwo tilltenth10.EverydayhebeginstodohishomeworkA.A.attenpastseven B.atsevenpasstenC.ontenpastseventh D?untilten11.WeallliketheB boy.A.oftenyearsoldB?ten-year-oldC.attenoldD?ofageoften12.ThereareB monthsinayear,Decemberisthe monthoftheyear.A.twelve;twelveB.twelve;twelfthC.twelfth;twelveD?twelve;twelveth13.DuringB century,theworldpopulationhasalreadyreached6billion.A.twentyB.thetwentiethC.twentiethD.thetwenty14.Jennywasborn AAonJuly10,1987 B.inJuly10/987Cin1987,July10 D*on1987,July10八\形容詞和副詞? 方式副詞：carefully,quickly,suddenly...2.地點副詞：here,there,up.down...3.時間副詞：yesterday,today,now...4.痛度匐就very,quite,much,just...喻急宗屈贏形容詞、其他副詞以及全 句的詞。l.Theproblemis difficult.2.Hewrotetheletterscarefully.形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級情況比較級最高級一般情況 如：taller,longer,faster,sooner+est5如：tallest,longest,fastest,soonest以e結(jié)尾的詞+r,如：later,nicer,larger 如：latest,nicest,largest以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)雙寫最后一個字母，再+er,如：bigger,fatter雙寫最后一個字母，再+est,如:biggest,fattest尾的詞以輔音字母加y把y改為i再+er,如：busier,earlier把y改為i再+est,如：busiest,earliest結(jié)尾的詞大部分多音節(jié)詞在前面加more,如：在前面加most,如：morecareful,mostcareful,morewonderfullymostwonderfully不規(guī)則的詞：good/well,

many/much,betterbestmoremostfarther/furtherfarthest/furtherfar 比較級的用法

1.用來把彼此獨立的事和人進行比較，表示"比……更……一些”的意思，通常用一個由從屬連詞十hon引導的狀語從句來表示和什么相比。為了避免重復，從句中有些成分可以省略。如：

Helenistaller十hanLucy. 7HegotmoreinformationThanIdid. ?HerunsfasterthanI. j 2.如果我們要說兩個東西在某一方面是一樣的，我們就可以用 形容詞/副詞+as".形容詞不用比較級而用原級。在作否定 比較時,可以用notas...as...,notsa..as…，也可以用

less...than...,如：

Jimmyisas十a(chǎn)llashisfather.Idon?+writeas/sowellasHelen.Thisfilmislessin十eresting十hanthatone* 比較級的用法

3.為了表示持續(xù)不斷的變化，我們可以用“雙重比較”的方法，這種結(jié)構(gòu)后面不可跟他時引導的比較狀語從句。如：Heiscryingharderandharder.OurcountrygetsmoreandmorebecnrtifuL

Computersaregettingsmallerandsmaller,andcomputingfasterandfaster.4.表示兩個變化是一起發(fā)生的，可以把比較級形式和十he-起用，表示“越……,就越……”的意思。如：

Thehigherthemountainis,十hethinnertheairis.Theearlieryoustart.十hesooneryouwillbeback.小IJractis”)LShanghaiis larger thanBeijing.ItisIhelargestcityinourcountry,(large)2.Billisn'tas old asMike.Tomisolder thanMike.Whoistheoldestofthethreeboys?(old)3.Marydrawsas well asBill,andsheismuchbetterthanhimatsinging,(well,good)4.Springiscoming*Theweatherisgettingwarmerwarmer .(warm) "一一一~ and5.Tom,JonandIboughtacomputereachlastweek.John'scomputerismuchmoreexpensivethanTom'sandmine.Itisthemostexpensive ofthethree,(expensive)6.Itisalittle wetter todaythanyesterday,(wet)7.AArsBrownismuchhealthierthanshewastwoyearsago.(healthy)8.Whichdoyoulike best .basketball,volleyball,orfootball?(well)*--**^*-***-****-**^-*^^****n^1.Beijingersaretruefriendlytotheword(friend)2.Look!How happily Kittyislaughing!(happy)3.1thinkJulyishotterthananyothermonthinourcountry,(hot)4.Shealwayslistenstotheteachercarefullyinclass*(care)5.TheparkisoneofthemostbzairtifIIIparksinBeijing,(beautiful)6.ShespeaksEnglish,butnotaswell ashisbrother,(good)7.1wasfrigh十enedbythefrighteningsound.(frightened,frightening)8.Themusicsoundsbeautiful ?(beautiful,beautifully)9.Don'十makesomuchnoise,oryouwillwakeupthe sleepingboy.(sleeping,asleep)10.Yesterday^concertwaswonderful.IVeneverheardsuchanexciting onebefore,(excited,exciting)Therebe的結(jié)構(gòu)

Therebe表示“存在有”，即當我們告訴某人某事存在（或不存在）常用這種結(jié)構(gòu)。其中十here是引導詞,本身無詞義;be為謂語動詞，后面跟的是名詞，也就是主語，也就是說therebe結(jié)構(gòu)的運用也就是倒裝的具體運用。其真正的主語在Therebe之后.肯定句：Thereis/wasa...

Thereare/were…f一般疑問句:Is/Wasthere...?Yes,thereis/was.No.thereisn't/was.Arethere...?Yes.thereare/were.No,therearen5t/weren5t.否定句：Thereisn'+/wasnJ+....Therearen^/weren5!--..-**^*********1Therebe白勺2口木勾一般情況下，some用于肯定句中，any用于否定句中。如:Thereissomemilkinthebottle.TherearenJtanypicturesonthewall.Isthereanythingnewintoday'snewspaper?2.Be動詞與后面所跟名詞的就近原則：Thereisapenandtwopencilsinthebox.Therearesomestudentsandateacherintheclassroom.3.特殊疑問句：1)Whafsinthebasket?Thereoresomeeggsinit.2)Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass?Therearefiftystudents.PractiseThere A noteainthecup.A.is B?are C.has be2.There B inthenextroom.A.isTom B?aresomeboys C.aretheyD?istheboy3.Thereissome B ontheplate.A.apple B.bread C.banana D?sandwich4.There A somepaperandapenonthedesk.A.is B.are C?have D?has5-There*sgoingto C intomorrow1snewspapers.A.havesomethingnew B.havenewsomethingC.besomethingnew D?benewsomething6.Thereissomemilkinthebottle, A ?A.isn'tthere B.aren*+there C.isn'十it D?arethere7. A isthereonthetable?A.Howmanyapples B.HowmuchbreadC.Howmuchbreads 0.Howmanyfood8.Thereis T oldwomaninthecar.A. X B.a C?the D?an9.There's A orangetreebehind house.A.an；the B.a；a C.the；the10.Thereis C mapintheclassroom- mapisonthewall.A.a；A B?the；The C?a；The D.the；AILThereis A "f"and "u,Jinthewordufour".12.There

an；a B.a；aB notanywaterintheglass. C.an；an D?a；an IA.has B?is C.are13.There B anappleandtenbananasinthebasket, Youcantakeanyofthem.A.are B.is C.has D?have14. B anyflowersonbothsidesofthestreet?A.Isthere B.Arethere C.Has D?Have15.Thereislittlewaterintheglass. D16.There A.isn*+thereB.isn*titB somewaterinthebottle. C?isit D?isthere4.are B?is C.has D.have17.Howmany arethereinyourclassroom?A.desks B.desk C.chair D?doorLWhat「Wh”的疑問句-1)What'sthis/that?2)Whafsyourname?3)Whatareyoudoing?5)Whatdidyoudo? 4)