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ChemistryProfessionalEnglishCourseware目錄contentsBasicknowledgeofchemistryChemicalExperimentOperationsChemicalVocabularyChemicalliteraturereadingChemistrypaperwritingBasicknowledgeofchemistryCATALOGUE01SummaryChemicalelementsarethefundamentalunitsthatmakeupmatter,withthesamenumberofnuclearcharges.DetaileddescriptionChemicalelementsareacollectivetermforatomswiththesamenumberofnuclearchargesandarethefundamentalunitsthatmakeupmatter.Elementsarearrangedaccordingtothenumberofnuclearchargesandhaveaspecificnumberofprotonsandelectrons.ChemicalElementChemicalbondsarethemanifestationofinteratomicinteractions,dividedintocovalentbonds,ionicbonds,andmetalbonds.SummaryChemicalbondsaretheforcesofatomicinteractionsthatdeterminethepropertiesandstructureofasubstance.Accordingtotheformofatomicinteractions,chemicalbondscanbedividedintocovalentbonds,ionicbonds,andmetallicbonds.DetaileddescriptionChemicalBondSummaryChemicalreactionistheprocessofchangingthestateofasubstance,manifestedasthebreakingofoldchemicalbondsandtheformationofnewchemicalbonds.DetaileddescriptionAchemicalreactionisaprocessofchangingthestateofasubstance,manifestedasthebreakingofoldchemicalbondsandtheformationofnewchemicalbonds.Inchemicalreactions,thesubstancesinvolvedinthereactionundergoprocessessuchaselectrontransferandatomicrearrangement,formingnewsubstances.ChemicalReactionChemicalExperimentOperationsCATALOGUE02Protectivemeasures:Whenconductingchemicalexperiments,appropriateprotectiveequipmentmustbeworn,suchaschemicalprotectivegoggles,labclothes,andchemicalprotectivegloves.Inaddition,emergencyrescueequipmentsuchaseyewashersandfireextinguishersshouldbeequippedinthelaboratory.Experimentaloperationstandards:Followthecorrectoperatingstepsandstandardstoensurethesafetyoftheexperimentalprocess.Forexample,usingglasswarecorrectly,avoidingtippingorimpact,andaddingreagentsintheprescribedorder.Wastedisposal:Thewastegeneratedfromexperimentsshouldbeproperlydisposedofinaccordancewithrelevantregulationstoavoidharmtotheenvironmentandhumanhealth.ExperimentalsafetyCommonlyusedglasswareinchemicalexperimentsincludesbeakers,flasks,testtubes,measuringcylinders,etc.Itisnecessarytounderstandthepurposeandusageprecautionsofeachvessel.Inadditiontoglassware,variousexperimentalinstrumentssuchasbalance,burette,andseparatingfunnelarealsorequiredinchemicalexperiments.Theseinstrumentsneedtobeoperatedaccordingtoregulationsduringuse.Choosingtheappropriatereagentsanddrugsiscrucialforthesuccessoftheexperiment.Itisnecessarytounderstandthecharacteristics,uses,andstoragemethodsofvariousreagentsanddrugs.GlasswareExperimentalinstrumentsReagentsanddrugsExperimentalequipmentBeforestartingtheexperiment,oneshouldfullyunderstandthepurpose,principle,andstepsoftheexperiment.Preparethenecessaryexperimentalequipmentandreagentsandensurethesafetyofthelaboratoryenvironment.Followtheprescribedoperatingproceduresfortheexperiment,andpayattentiontoobservingandrecordingexperimentalphenomena.Maintainfocusduringtheexperimenttoavoidaccidents.Aftertheexperiment,experimentalwasteshouldbeproperlydisposedofaccordingtoregulations.Atthesametime,cleananddisinfectthelaboratorytoensureitssafetyandhygiene.PreparationbeforetheexperimentExperimentaloperationPostexperimentaltreatmentExperimentalstepsChemicalVocabularyCATALOGUE03Masteringprofessionalchemistryvocabularyisthefoundationoflearningchemistry.SummaryChemistryisahighlyspecializeddisciplinethatrequirestheuseofalargenumberofprofessionaltermsandvocabularytodescribechemicalphenomena,reactions,andsubstances.Therefore,forbeginners,masteringprofessionalchemicalvocabularyisveryimportant.DetaileddescriptionChemicaltermsSummary:Chemicalsymbolsaretheinternationallyrecognizedlanguageinthefieldofchemistry.Detaileddescription:Chemicalsymbolsaresimplifiedsymbolsusedtorepresentchemicalelements,compounds,andreactions.Eachelementhasauniquechemicalsymbol,whichiscapitalizedbythefirstletterofitsLatinname.Inaddition,compoundscanalsoberepresentedbychemicalsymbols,whichareusuallycomposedofchemicalsymbolsandnumbersofelements.ChemicalsymbolsSummaryAccuratelyunderstandingchemicaltermsiscrucialforin-depthlearningofchemistry.DetaileddescriptionChemicalterminologyisaspecializedtermusedtodescribechemicalphenomena,reactions,andsubstances.Thesetermstypicallyhavespecificmeaningsandusage,andoftencontaincombinationsofmultiplewords.Accuratelyunderstandingthesetermscanhelplearnersbetterunderstandchemicalknowledgeandbeabletomoreaccuratelydescribeandcommunicatechemicalinformation.ChemicalterminationChemicalliteraturereadingCATALOGUE04UsedatabaseslikeSciFinder,Reaxis,andWebofSciencetosearchforrelevantliteratureFamiliarizeyourselfwiththedifferenttypesofliteratureavailable(e.g.,journalarticles,patents,books)andtheircorrespondingusesUnderstandthestructureofthedatabaseandhowtouseiteffectivelytobringdownsearchresultsLiteraturesearchLiteraturereadingskills01Learntoreadtheabstractofapaperquicklytogetageneralunderstandingoftheresearch02Skimthroughtheintroductionandconclusionsectionstounderstandthebackgroundandsignificanceofthework03Readthemethodssectioncarefullytounderstandtheexperimentalproceduresandtechniquesused04Payattentiontothefiguresandtablesinthepaper,astheyoftenprovidevaluableinformationCitationformat030201Familiarizeyourselfwithdifferentcitationstyles(e.g.,ACS,IUPAC)andtheircorrespondingrulesforcitationreferencesUsereferencemanagementsoftwarelikeMendeley,EndNote,orZoterotohelporganizeandformatyourcitationsEnsurethatyourcitationsareaccurate,complete,andinthecorrectformattoavoidplagiarismorcitationerrorsChemistrypaperwritingCATALOGUE05Thetopicshouldbecloselyrelatedtothefieldofchemistry,ensuringthattheresearchconductediswithinthescopeofthedisciplineThetopicshouldoffernovelinsightsorextendexistingknowledgeinthefieldofchemistryAvoidingredundantorcommonlystudiedtopicshelpsinmakingasignificantcontributiontothefieldTheavailabilityofresources,experimentaltechniques,andliteratureshouldbetakenintoconsiderationwhileselectingthetopicAtopicthatistoobroadorlackssufficientliteraturerightposechallengesduringtheresearchprocessRelevancetoChemistryOriginandNoveltyFeasibilityThesistopicselectionPaperstructureIntroduction:Theintroductionshouldprovideaclearoverviewoftheresearchproblem,theimportanceofthestudy,andtheobjectivesandscopeoftheinvestmentItshouldalsoincludeabriefliteraturereviewtoestablishthecontextandjustifytheneedforthestudyMethods:Themethodssectionshoulddescribetheexperimentaldesign,procedures,andtechniquesusedinthestudyItshouldbedetailedenoughtoallowotherstoreplicatetheexperimentsandprovideinformationonthematerialsused,anymodificationsmadetoexistingmethods,andtherationalbehindthechosenapproachResults:TheresultssectionshouldpresentthedataobtainedfromtheexperimentsinaclearandorganizedmanItshouldavoidexcessivenarrativeandfocusonpresentingthedata,includingtables,figures,andstatisticalanalysistosupporttheresearchfindingsDiscussionThediscussionsectionshouldinterprettheresultsinthecontextofexistingknowledgeandprovideexplanationsforanyobservedtrendsorpatternsItshouldalsoaddressanylimitationsofthestudy,suggestpossiblefutureresearchdirections,andcomparethefindingswiththoseofother