2024年考研-考研英語二筆試歷年全考點試卷附帶答案

2024年考研-考研英語二筆試歷年全考點試卷附帶答案卷I一.單項選擇題(共10題)1.

Couldthebadolddaysofeconomicdeclinebeabouttoreturn?SinceOPECagreedtosupply-cutsinMarch,thepriceofcrudeoilhasjumpedtoalmost$26abarrel,upfromlessthan$10lastDecember.Thisnear-triplingofoilpricescallsupscarymemoriesofthe1973oilshock,whenpricesquadrupled,and1979-80,whentheyalsoalmosttripled.Bothpreviousshocksresultedindouble-digitinflationandglobaleconomicdecline.Sowherearetheheadlineswarningofgloomanddoomthistime?TheoilpricewasgivenanotherpushupthisweekwhenIraqsuspendedoilexports.Strengtheningeconomicgrowth,atthesametimeaswintergripsthenorthernhemisphere,couldpushthepricehigherstillintheshortterm.Yettherearegoodreasonstoexpecttheeconomicconsequencesnowtobelessseverethaninthe1970s.Inmostcountriesthecostofcrudeoilnowaccountsforasmallershareofthepriceofpetrolthanitdidinthe1970s.InEurope,taxesaccountforuptofour-fifthsoftheretailprice,soevenquitebigchangesinthepriceofcrudehaveamoremutedeffectonpumppricesthaninthepast.Richeconomiesarealsolessdependentonoilthantheywere,andsolesssensitivetoswingsintheoilprice.Energyconservation,ashifttootherfuelsandadeclineintheimportanceofheavy,energy-intensiveindustrieshavereducedoilconsumption.Software,consultancyandmobiletelephonesusefarlessoilthansteelorcarproduction.ForeachdollarofGDP（inconstantprices）richeconomiesnowusenearly50%lessoilthanin1973.TheOECDestimatesinitslatestEconomicOutlookthat,ifoilpricesaveraged$22abarrelforafullyear,comparedwith$13in1998,thiswouldincreasetheoilimportbillinricheconomiesbyonly0.25-0.5%ofGDP.Thatislessthanone-quarteroftheincomelossin1974or1980.Ontheotherhand,oil-importingemergingeconomies—towhichheavyindustryhasshifted—havebecomemoreenergy-intensive,andsocouldbemoreseriouslysqueezed.Onemorereasonnottolosesleepovertheriseinoilpricesisthat,unliketherisesinthe1970s,ithasnotoccurredagainstthebackgroundofgeneralcommodity-priceinflationandglobalexcessdemand.Asizableportionoftheworldisonlyjustemergingfromeconomicdecline.TheEconomist'scommoditypriceindexisbroadlyunchangingfromayearago.In1973commoditypricesjumpedby70%,andin1979byalmost30%.TheestimatesinEconomicOutlookshowthatinrichcountries______.A.heavy

industry

becomes

more

energy-intensiveB.income

loss

mainly

results

from

fluctuating

crude

oil

pricesC.manufacturing

industry

has

been

seriously

squeezedD.oil

price

changes

have

no

significant

impact

on

GDP正確答案：D,2.根據下面資料，回答1-20題Weighingyourselfregularlyisawonderfulwaytostayawareofanysignificantweightfluctuations.→←→1←→←,whendonetoooften,thishabitcansometimeshurtmorethanit→2←.Asforme,weighingmyselfeverydaycausedmetoshiftmyfocusfrombeinggenerallyhealthyandphysicallyactivetofocusing→3←onthescale.Thatwasbadtomyoverallfitnessgoals.Ihadgainedweightintheformofmusclemass,butthinkingonlyof→4←thenumberonthescale,Ialteredmytrainingprogram.ThatconflictedwithhowIneededtotrainto→5←mygoals.Ialsofoundthatweighingmyselfdailydidnotprovideanaccurate→6←ofthehardworkandprogressIwasmakinginthegym.Ittakesaboutthreeweekstoamonthtonoticeanysignificantchangesinyourweight→7←alteringyourtrainingprogram.Themost→8←changeswillbeobservedinskilllevel,strengthandincheslost.Forthese→9←→←,Istoppedweighingmyselfeverydayandswitchedtoabimonthlyweighingschedule→10←→←.Sinceweightlossisnotmygoal,itislessimportantformeto→11←myweighteachweek.Weighingeveryotherweekallowsmetoobserveand→12←anysignificantweightchanges.ThattellsmewhetherIneedto→13←mytrainingprogram.Iusemybimonthlyweight-in→14←togetinformationaboutmynutritionaswell.Ifmytrainingintensityremainsthesame,butI'mconstantly→15←anddroppingweight,thisisa→16←thatIneedtoincreasemydailycaloricintake.The→17←tostopweighingmyselfeverydayhasdonewondersformyoverallhealth,fitnessandwell-being.I'mexperiencingincreasedzealforworkingoutsinceInolongercarrytheburdenofa→18←morningweigh-in.I'vealsoexperiencedgreatersuccessinachievingmyspecificfitnessgoals,→19←I'mtrainingaccordingtothosegoals,notthenumbersonascale.Ratherthan→20←overthescale,turnyourfocustohowyoulook,feel,howyourclothesfitandyouroverallenergylevel.第（5）題選A.setB.reviewC.reachD.modify正確答案：C,3.根據下面資料，回答36-40題ArnoldSchwarzenegger,DiaMirzaandAdrianGrenierhaveamessageforyou:It'seasytobeatplastic.They'repartofabunchofcelebritiesstarringinanewvideoforWorldEnvironmentDay——encouragingyou,theconsumer,toswapoutyoursingle——useplasticstapleslikestrawsandcutlerytocombattheplasticscrisis.ThekeymessagesthathavebeenputtogetherforWorldEnvironmentDaydoincludeacallforgovernmentstoenactlegislationtocurbsingle-useplastics.Buttheoverarchingmessageisdirectedatindividuals:Leadwithyourwallets.Myconcernwithleavingituptotheindividual,however,isourlimitedsenseofwhatneedstobeachieved.Ontheirown,takingourownbagstothegrocerystoreorquittingplasticstraws,forexample,willaccomplishlittleandrequirevery.littleofus.Theycouldevenbedetrimental,satisfyinganeedtohave"doneourbit"withouteverprogressingontobigger,bolder,moreeffectiveactions———akindof"morallicensing"thatallaysourconcernsandstopsusdoingmoreandaskingmoreofthoseincharge.Whiletheconversationaroundourenvironmentandourresponsibilitytowarditremainscenteredonshoppingbagsandstraws,we'reignoringthebalanceofpowerthatimpliesthatas"consumers"wemustshopsustainably,ratherthanas"citizens"holdourgovernmentsandindustriestoaccounttopushforrealsystemicchange.It'simportanttoacknowledgethattheenvironmentisn'teveryone'spriority——orevenmostpeople's.Weshouldn'texpectittobe.Inherlatestbook,WhyGoodPeopleDoBadEnvironmentalThings,WellesleyCollegeprofessorElizabethR.DeSombrearguesthatthebestwaytocollectivelychangethebehavioroflargenumbersofpeopleisforthechangetobestructural.Thismightmeanimplementingpolicysuchasaplastictaxthataddsacosttoenvironmentallyproblematicaction,orbanningsingle-useplasticsaltogether.Indiahasjustannounceditwill"eliminateallsingle-useplasticinthecountryby2022."Therearealsoincentive-basedwaysofmakingbetterenvironmentalchoiceseasier,suchasensuringrecyclingisatleastaseasyastrashdisposal.DeSombreisn'tsayingpeopleshouldstopcaringabouttheenvironment.It'sjustthatindividualactionsaretooslow,shesays,forthattobetheonly,orevenprimary,approachtochangingwide-spreadbehavior.Noneofthisisaboutwritingofftheindividual.It'sjustaboutputtingthingsintoperspective.Wedon'thavetimetowait.Weneedprogressivepoliciesthatshapecollectiveaction(andreininpollutingbusinesses),alongsideengagedcitizenspushingforchange.DeSombrearguesthatthebestwayforacollectivechangeshouldbe_______.A.awin-winarrangementB.aself-drivenmechanismC.acost-effectiveapproachD.atop-downprocess正確答案：D,4.Rumoristhemost1wayofspreadingstories—bypassingthemonfrommouth2mouth.Butcivilizedcountriesinnormaltimeshavebetter3ofnewsthanrumor.Theyhaveradio,television,andnewspapers.Intimesofstressand4,5,rumor6andbecomeswidespread.Atsuch7thedifferentkindsofnewsarein8,thepress,television,andradioversusthegrapevine.Especially9rumorsspreadwhenwarrequirescensorshiponmanyimportantmatters.Thecustomarynewssourcesnolonger10enoughinformation.Sincethepeoplecannotlearn11legitimatechannelsall12theyareanxioustolearn,theypickup“news”13theycanandwhenthis14,rumorthrives.Rumorsareoftenrepeated15bythosewhodonotbelievethetales.Thereisafascinationaboutthem.Thereasonis16thecleverlydesignedrumorgivesexpressiontosomethingdeepintheheartsofthevictims—thefears,suspicions,forbiddenhopes,ordaydreamsthattheyhesitateto17directly.Pessimisticrumorsaboutdefeatsanddisastersshowthatthepeoplewhorepeatthemare18andanxious.19rumorsaboutrecordproductionorpeacesooncomingpointtocomplacencyorconfidence—andoftento20.______A.BadB.PessimisticC.OptimisticD.Good正確答案：C,5.

Obviouslywithatotalof2,000universitiesandcollegestheremustbegreatdifferencesinqualityandreputationamongthem.Manyhaveachievementssubstantialenoughforthemtobewellknownallovertheworld,butamongthesethereareafewwhichareoutstandingintheirreputation,bothnationallyandinternationally.Theseincludeafewprivateinstitutionsinvariousparts,andseveralofthegreateststateuniversities,butnonesurpassthegroupofoldprivatenorth-easternuniversitiescommonlyknownastheIvyLeague.Theiroldsocial-elitereputationsarebynowovershadowedbythereputationoftheirgraduateschoolsasintellectual-elitecenters.Theirfeesarehigh,butmostgraduatestudentshavescholarshipsofsomekind.ThebestknownofallisHarvard,whichissituatedinCambridge,Massachusetts,intheurbanareaofBoston.Yale(foundedin1701)isinNewHaven,betweenBostonandNewYork.ThereismuchincommonbetweenHarvardandYale,andtogetheroccupyapositioninAmericanuniversityliferatherlikeOxfordandCambridgeinEngland.Aremarkablenumberofthemenwhoholdprominentpositionsinpubliclifeandthebigcorporationswereeducatedatoneofthesetwo.Thereisacertainprejudiceagainstthekindofprivilegewhichisassociatedinthepublicmindwiththeseinstitutions,andthatisnotsurprisinginviewoftheAmericanidealofequality.Forundergraduatestudies,HarvardandYaleareprobablysomewhatmoreprivileged,intheold(social)senseoftheworld,thanOxfordandCambridgeinEngland,buttheyarecloselyfollowedinthepreeminencebyseveralotherinstitutionssuchasPrinceton(foundedin1746),nowsurroundedbyNewJerseysuburbs,andColumbia(foundedin1754)withitsuglybuildings,whichisclosetotheNewYorkNegroquarterofHarlem.Therearealsomanysmallerinstitutions,mainlyinthenorth-east,whichhavereputationsequaltothoseoftheIvyLeagueschools,butrefusetoincreasetheirnumbers,believingthattheirsmallsizeisoneofthecharacteristicswhichgivesthemtheirspecialquality.Someoftheseareliberalartscolleges,withoutgraduatesschoolsorcoursesofpracticalapplication.Mostofthenortheasterninstitutionsofthiskindwereoriginallyfoundedformenorwomenonly,andcontinuedassingle-sexinstitutionsintothe1960s,atleastatundergraduatelevel.Herethe1970shavebroughtamajorrevolution,withthiskindofsegregationgraduallyeliminated.Oldtraditionshaveyieldedtothepressureofnewsocialtrends.Accordingtothepassage,manyimportantpersonsinpubliclifeandthebigcorporations______.A.were

educated

in

Oxford

and

CambridgeB.were

educated

in

Princeton

and

YaleC.graduated

from

Harvard

and

PrincetonD.graduated

either

from

Harvard

or

from

Yale正確答案：D,6.根據下面資料，回答1-20題WhydopeoplereadnegativeInternetcommentsanddootherthingsthatwillobviouslybepainful?Becausehumanshaveaninherentneedto→1←uncertainty,accordingtoarecentstudyinPsychologicalScience.Thenewresearchrevealsthattheneedtoknowissostrongthatpeoplewill→2←→←tosatisfytheircuriosityevenwhenitiscleartheanswerwill→3←.Inaseriesofexperiments,behavioralscientistsattheUniversityofChicagoandtheWisconsinSchoolofBusinesstestedstudents'willingnessto→4←themselvestounpleasantstimuliinanefforttosatisfycuriosity.Forone→5←→←,eachparticipantwasshownapileofpensthattheresearcherclaimedwerefromapreviousexperiment.Thetwist?Halfofthepenswould→6←anelectricshockwhenclicked.Twenty-sevenstudentsweretoldwhichpenswereelectrified;anothertwenty-sevenweretoldonlythatsomewereelectrified.→←→7←leftaloneintheroom,thestudentswhodidnotknowwhichoneswouldshockthemclickedmorepensandincurredmoreshocksthanthestudentswhoknewwhatwould→8←.Subsequentexperimentsreproducedthiseffectwithotherstimuli,→←→9←thesoundoffingernailsonachalkboardandphotographsofdisgustinginsects.Thedriveto→10←isdeeplyrootedinhumans,muchthesameasthebasicdrivesfor→11←→←orshelter,saysChristopherHseeoftheUniversityofChicago.Curiosityisoftenconsideredagoodinstinct—itcan→12←newscientificadvances,forinstance—butsometimessuch→13←canbackfire.Theinsightthatcuriositycandriveyoutodo→14←thingsisaprofoundone.Unhealthycuriosityispossibleto→15←→←,however.Inafinalexperiment,participantswhowereencouragedto→16←howtheywouldfeelafterviewinganunpleasantpicturewerelesslikelyto→17←→←toseesuchanimage.Theseresultssuggestthatimaginingthe→18←offollowingthroughonone'scuriosityaheadoftimecanhelpdetermine→19←itisworththeendeavor."Thinkingaboutlongterm→20←iskeytoreducingthepossiblenegativeeffectsofcuriosity,"Hseesays.Inotherwords,don'treadonlinecomments.第（10）題選______.A.disagreeB.forgiveC.discoverD.forget正確答案：C,7.根據下面資料，回答41-45題FiveWaystoWinOverEveryoneintheOfficeIsitpossibletolikeeveryoneinyouroffice?Thinkabouthowtoughitistogettogether15people,muchless50,whoallgetalongperfectly.Butunlikeinfriendships,youneedcoworkers.Youworkwiththemeveryday,andyoudependonthemjustastheydependonyou.Herearesomewaysthatyoucangetthewholeofficeonyourside.41._________Ifyouhaveabonetopickwithsomeoneinyourworkplace,youmaytrystaytight-lippedaroundthem.Butyouwon'tbehelpingeitheroneofyou.AHarvardBusinessSchoolstudyfoundthatobserversconsistentlyratedthosewhowereupfrontaboutthemselvesmorehighly,whilethosewhohidlosttrustworthiness.Thelessonisnotthatyoushouldmakeyourpersonallifeanopenbook,butrather,whengiventheoptiontoofferupdetailsaboutyourselforstudiouslystashthem,youshouldjustbehonest.42._________Justasimportantasbeinghonestaboutyourselfisbeingreceptivetoothers.Weoftenfeeltheneedtotellothershowwefeel,whetherit'saconcernaboutaproject,astraythought,oracompliment.Thoseareallvalid,butyouneedtotaketimetohearoutyourcoworkers,too.Infact,rushingtogetyourownideasouttherecancausecolleaguestofeelyoudon'tvaluetheiropinions.Doyourbesttoengagecoworkersinagenuine,back-and-forthconversation,ratherthanprioritizingyourownthoughts.43._________It'scommontohavea"cubiclemate"orspecialconfidantinaworksetting.Butinadditiontothosetrustedcoworkers,youshouldexpandyourhorizonsandfindoutaboutallthepeoplearoundyou.Useyourlunchandcoffeebreakstomeetupwithcolleaguesyoudon'talwayssee.Findoutabouttheirlivesandinterestsbeyondthejob.Itrequiresminimaleffortandgoesalongway.Thiswillhelptogrowyourinternalnetwork,inadditiontobeinganicebreakintheworkday.44._________Positivefeedbackisimportantforanyonetohear.Andyoudon'thavetobesomeone'sbosstotellthemtheydidanexceptionaljobonaparticularproject.Thiswillhelpengendergoodwillinothers.Butdon'toverdoitorbefakeaboutit.Onestudyfoundthatpeoplerespondedbesttocommentsthatshiftedfromnegativetopositive,possiblybecauseitsuggestedtheyhadwonsomebodyover.45._________Thisonemaybeabitmoredifficulttopulloff,butitcangoalongwaytoachievingresults.Rememberindealingwithanycoworkerwhattheyappreciatefromaninteraction.Watchoutforhowtheyverbalizewithothers.Somepeoplelikesmalltalkinameetingbeforediggingintoimportantmatters,whileotheraremorestraightforward.Jokesthatworkononepersonwon'tnecessarilylandwithanother.So,adaptyourstyleaccordinglytotype.Considerthepersonthatyou'redealingwithinadvanceandwhatwillgetyoutoyourdesiredoutcome.A．Givecompliments,justnottoomany.B．Putonagoodface,always.C．Tailoryourinteractions.D．Spendtimewitheveryone.E．Reveal,don'thide,information.F．Slowdownandlisten.G．Putyourselvesinothers'shoes.第（42）題選A.Givecompliments,justnottoomany.

B.Putonagoodface,always.

C.Tailoryourinteractions.

D.Spendtimewitheveryone.

E.Reveal,don'thide,information.

F.Slowdownandlisten.

G.Putyourselvesinothers'shoes.

正確答案：F,8.TheBushAdministrationappearsdeterminedtocontinuethewarondrugsthathasbeenactivelypursuedbyallU.S.governmentssincetheNixonAdministration.Defendersofthewarondrugsoftenthrowinaneconomic1.Ithasbeensuccessfulbecauseitcurtailsuseby2streetprices.Itdoesrisebecause3havetobecompensated4theriskofimprisonmentandother5.Itmaybetruethathighpriceshavereducedthe6fordrugs,butthefactremainsthatmostillegaldrugs7popularandavailable,regardlessofprice.Moreimportant,any8

inthenumberofaddictsandotherusershascomewithanenormouspricetag.TheU.S.alonespendsalmost$40billionannually9thedrugwar,andothercountriesalsospendbigsums.Thewarisfoughtbyseizingand10drugsandbyapprehendingandimprisoningsuppliers.A11factisthattheU.S.imprisonsalargerfractionofitspopulationfordrug-relatedoffensesthanEuropeannations12forallcrimes.Thehighprices13thewarhaveprovidedhugeprofitsforcartelsandotherswhoevadedetectionandpunishment.14placetheworldmarketvalueofillegaldrugsatseveralhundredbillionsofdollars-15thesameleagueasthemarketsforcigarettesandalcohol.Althoughlegalizationwouldmakedrugscheaperandmore16available,salestominorscouldbediscouragedbyharshpunishmentsandbyrestrictinglegalsalesto17shops.Sofar,nocitehas18

abetteralternativethanlegalizationofdrugscombinedwithahigh“sin”taxonusers,safeguards19salestochildren,and20punishmentstoanyonewhodrivesorworkswhileimpairedbydrugs.______A.forB.inC.atD.on正確答案：B,9.Formanypeopletoday,readingisnolongerrelaxation.Tokeepuptheirworktheymustreadletters,reports,tradepublications,interofficecommunications,nottomentionnewspapersandmagazines:anever-endingfloodofwords.In1ajoboradvancinginone,theabilitytoreadandcomprehend2canmeanthedifferencebetweensuccessandfailure.Yettheunfortunatefactisthatmostofusare3readers.Mostofusdeveloppoorreading4atanearlyage,andnevergetoverthem.Themaindeficiency5intheactualstuffoflanguageitself－words.Takenindividually,wordshave6meaninguntiltheyarestrungtogetherintophrases,sentencesandparagraphs.7,however,theuntrainedreaderdoesnotreadgroupsofwords.Helaboriouslyreadsonewordatatime,oftenregressingto8wordsorpassages.Regression,thetendencytolookbackover9youhavejustread,isacommonbadhabitinreading.Anotherhabitwhich10downthespeedofreadingisvocalization—soundingeachwordeitherorallyormentallyas11reads.Toovercomethesebadhabits,somereadingclinicsuseadevicecalledan12,whichmovesabar(orcurtain)downthepageatapredeterminedspeed.Thebarissetataslightlyfasterrate13thereaderfindscomfortable,inorderto“stretch”him.Theacceleratorforcesthereadertoreadfast,14word-by-wordreading,regressionandsubvocalization,practicallyimpossible.Atfirst15issacrificedforspeed.Butwhenyoulearntoreadideasandconcepts,youwillnotonlyreadfaster16yourcomprehensionwillimprove.Manypeoplehavefound17readingskilldrasticallyimprovedaftersometraining.18CharlieAu,abusinessmanager,forinstance,hisreadingratewasareasonablygood172wordsaminute19thetraining,nowitisanexcellent1,378wordsaminute.Heisdelightedthathowhecan20alotmorereadingmaterialinashortperiodoftime.______A.liesB.combinesC.touchesD.involves正確答案：A,10.TheBushAdministrationappearsdeterminedtocontinuethewarondrugsthathasbeenactivelypursuedbyallU.S.governmentssincetheNixonAdministration.Defendersofthewarondrugsoftenthrowinaneconomic1.Ithasbeensuccessfulbecauseitcurtailsuseby2streetprices.Itdoesrisebecause3havetobecompensated4theriskofimprisonmentandother5.Itmaybetruethathighpriceshavereducedthe6fordrugs,butthefactremainsthatmostillegaldrugs7popularandavailable,regardlessofprice.Moreimportant,any8

inthenumberofaddictsandotherusershascomewithanenormouspricetag.TheU.S.alonespendsalmost$40billionannually9thedrugwar,andothercountriesalsospendbigsums.Thewarisfoughtbyseizingand10drugsandbyapprehendingandimprisoningsuppliers.A11factisthattheU.S.imprisonsalargerfractionofitspopulationfordrug-relatedoffensesthanEuropeannations12forallcrimes.Thehighprices13thewarhaveprovidedhugeprofitsforcartelsandotherswhoevadedetectionandpunishment.14placetheworldmarketvalueofillegaldrugsatseveralhundredbillionsofdollars-15thesameleagueasthemarketsforcigarettesandalcohol.Althoughlegalizationwouldmakedrugscheaperandmore16available,salestominorscouldbediscouragedbyharshpunishmentsandbyrestrictinglegalsalesto17shops.Sofar,nocitehas18

abetteralternativethanlegalizationofdrugscombinedwithahigh“sin”taxonusers,safeguards19salestochildren,and20punishmentstoanyonewhodrivesorworkswhileimpairedbydrugs.______A.orderB.demandC.requestD.inquiry正確答案：B,卷II一.單項選擇題(共10題)1.Comparisonsweredrawnbetweenthedevelopmentoftelevisioninthe20thcenturyandthediffusionofprintinginthe15thand16thcenturies.Yetmuchhadhappened→1←.Aswasdiscussedbefore,itwasnot→2←the19thcenturythatthenewspaperbecamethedominantpre-electronic→3←,followinginthewakeofthepamphletandthebookandinthe→4←oftheperiodical.Itwasduringthesametimethatthecommunicationsrevolution→5←up,beginningwithtransport,therailway,andleading→6←throughthetelegraph,thetelephone,radio,andmotionpictures→7←the20th-centuryworldofthemotorcarandtheairplane.Noteveryoneseesthatprocessin→8←.Itisimportanttodoso.Itisgenerallyrecognized,→9←,thattheintroductionofthecomputerintheearly20thcentury,→10←bytheinventionoftheintegratedcircuitduringthe1960s,radicallychangedtheprocess,→11←itsimpactonthemediawasnotimmediately→12←.Astimewentby,computersbecamesmallerandmorepowerful,andtheybecame“personal”too,aswellas→13←,withdisplaybecomingsharperandstorage→14←increasing.Theywerethoughtof,likepeople,→15←generations,withthedistancebetweengenerationsmuch→16←.Itwaswithinthecomputeragethattheterm“informationsociety”begantobewidelyusedtodescribethe→17←withinwhichwenowlive.Thecommunicationsrevolutionhas→18←bothworkandleisureandhowwethinkandfeelbothaboutplaceandtime,buttherehavebeen→19←viewsaboutitseconomic,political,socialandculturalimplications.“Benefits”havebeenweighed→20←“harmful”outcomes.Andgeneralizationshaveproveddifficult.______A.competitiveB.controversialC.distractingD.irrational正確答案：B,2.根據下面資料，回答26-30題Withsomuchfocusonchildren'suseofscreens,it'seasyforparentstoforgetabouttheirownscreenuse."Techisdesignedtoreallysuckyouin,"saysJennyRadeskyinherstudyofdigitalplay,"anddigitalproductsaretheretopromotemaximalengagement.Itmakesithardtodisengage,andleadstoalotofbleed-overintothefamilyroutine."Radeskyhasstudiedtheuseofmobilephonesandtabletsatmealtimesbygivingmother-childpairsafood-testingexercise.Shefoundthatmotherswhouseddevicesduringtheexercisestarted20percentfewerverbaland39percentfewernonverbalinteractionswiththeirchildren.Duringaseparateobservation,shesawthatphonesbecameasourceoftensioninthefamily.Parentswouldbelookingattheiremailswhilethechildrenwouldbemakingexcitedbidsfortheirattention.Infantsarewiredtolookatparents'facestotrytounderstandtheirworld,andifthosefacesareblankandunresponsive—astheyoftenarewhenabsorbedinadevice—itcanbeextremelydisconcertingforthechildren.Radeskycitesthe"stillfaceexperiment"devisedbydevelopmentalpsychologistEdTronickinthe1970s.Init,amotherisaskedtointeractwithherchildinanormalwaybeforeputtingonablankexpressionandnotgivingthemanyvisualsocialfeedback;Thechildbecomesincreasinglydistressedasshetriestocapturehermother'sattention."Parentsdon'thavetobeexquisitelypresentatalltimes,butthereneedstobeabalanceandparentsneedtoberesponsiveandsensitivetoachild'sverbalornonverbalexpressionsofanemotionalneed,"saysRadesky.Ontheotherhand,Tronickhimselfisconcernedthattheworriesaboutkids'useofscreensarebornoutofan"oppressiveideologythatdemandsthatparentsshouldalwaysbeinteracting"withtheirchildren:"It'sbasedonasomewhatfantasized,verywhite,veryupper-middle-classideologythatsaysifyou'refailingtoexposeyourchildto30,000wordsyouareneglectingthem."Tronickbelievesthatjustbecauseachildisn'tlearningfromthescreendoesn'tmeanthere'snovaluetoit—particularlyifitgivesparentstimetohaveashower,dohouseworkorsimplyhaveabreakfromtheirchild.Parents,hesays,cangetalotoutofusingtheirdevicestospeaktoafriendorgetsomeworkoutoftheway.Thiscanmakethemfeelhappier,whichletthembemoreavailabletotheirchildtherestofthetime.Radesky'scitesthe"stillfaceexperiment"toshowthat_______.A.itiseasyforchildrentogetusedt