模擬卷01 2021年高考英語(yǔ)重難點(diǎn)押題金卷（江蘇卷）（解析版）

模擬卷012021年高考重難點(diǎn)押題金卷（江蘇卷）

英語(yǔ)

（滿(mǎn)分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘）

注意事項(xiàng)：

1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。

2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改

動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上，寫(xiě)在本試

卷上無(wú)效。

3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分）

第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分7.5分）

聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)。每段對(duì)話(huà)后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選

項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話(huà)后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話(huà)僅讀一

遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt?

A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.

答案是C?

1.HowsoonwillthepackagearrivewithEM?

A.Inabouttwoweeks.B.Inlessthantwodays.C.Inmorethanthreedays.

【答案】B

【原文】

W:IfIsendthispackagethirdclass,howlongwillittaketoarrive?

M:Abouttwoweeks.IfyouuseEMS,itis$35moreexpensive,butitcangettherewithintwodays.

2.Whatwillthewomandofortheman?

A.Tellhimthetime.

B.Takecareofhisluggage.

C.Helphimtofindhisluggage.

【答案】B

【原文】

M:DIbebackinaminute.Canyoukeepaneyeonmyluggageplease?

W:Sure,Tilbegladto.

3.Howmightthewomanfeel?

A.Satisfied.B.Annoyed.C.Excited.

【答案】B

【原文】

W:Icanhardlyhearthesinger.Thosefansaresocrazy.Theyaresoloud.

M:Aren'tyouexcited?

W:No!Mybrotherdraggedmehere.

4.WhatisOliviadoing?

A.She'sreadingjobads.B.She*seditingapaper.C.She'swatchingTV.

【答案】A

【原文】

W:Hello,Vivian.Haven'tseenyouforsometime!Whatareyoureading?

M:Justcheckingthejobpageofthelocalnewspaper.

5.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Touristandguide.B.Strangers.C.Friends.

【答案】B

【原文】

W:Oh,sothezooisoverthere.Thankyousomuchforyourhelp.

M:You'rewelcome.Well,Tilgiveyoumyphonenumberandifyouneedaguide,pleasecallme.

第二節(jié)（共15小題，每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分22.5分）

聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)

中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各

小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。

聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。

6.Whatmadethemaninterestedinstartingfoodbusiness?

A.Hisparents,influence.

B.Hispart-timejobinacafe.

C.Hisconsiderationforstudents.

7.Whatdidthemanoffertothestudents?

A.Drinks.B.Meals.C.Clothes.

【答案】

6.B7.B

【原文】

W:Wereyoualwaysinterestedinstartingafoodbusiness?

M:Actually,Iwasinterestedinsalesatfirstbecausethafswhatbothmyparentsdo.ButIusedtowork

part-timeinacafewhenIwasakid,andthat'swhatgotmeinterested.

W:Whatwasthefirstplaceyouopened?

M:Irentedacheapplaceneartheuniversity,andIstartedsellinglunchestothestudents.Theplacewas

alwayscrowdedatlunchtimes.So,onedayIsoldit.Withthatmoney,Iopenedamuchbiggerplace

downtown.

聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至10題。

8.Forwhomdoesthemanwanttorentaflat?

A.Himself.B.Hisfamily.C.Heandhisfriends.

9.Whatistheman'sjob?

A.Heisacollegestudent.B.Heworksinacarfactory.C.Heworksinthecentralbank.

10.Howmanybedroomsdoesthemanprefertohave?

A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.

【答案】

8.C9.C10.C

【原文】

M:Hello.ThisisMartinHill.Tmringingtoseewhatflatsyouhaveforrentatthemoment.

W:Areyoulookingforaflatforyourself?Orafamilyperhaps?

M:Well,it'sforthreeofus:myselfandtwofriends—we'regoingtosharetogether.

W:Isee.Whataboutemployment--areyouallstudents?

M:Ohno,we'veallgotfiill-timejobs—twoofusworkintheCentralBank,that'sChrisandme,and

Phil-that'stheotherone...isworkingforHallamCars.

W:Isupposeyou'llbelookingforsomewherewiththreebedrooms?

M:Yeah—atleastthree.Butactually,we'dratherhaveafourthroomaswellforfriendsstaying.

聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第11至13題。

11.Howdoesthemanwanttolearnwriting?

A.OntheInternet.B.Facetoface.C.Self-learning.

12.Whydoesthemanwanttotakewritingcourses?

A.Topublishhisworks.

B.Toenjoythefunofwriting.

C.Toearnmoremoney.

13.Whatkindofbrochurewillthemanreceive?

A.Fictionwriting.B.Businesswriting.C.Creativewriting.

【答案】

11.A12.C13.B

【原文】

W:Goodmorning.TheWritingSchool.CanIhelpyou?

M:Oh,hi.I'mringingabouttheonlinewritingcoursesyouadvertiseontheInternet.

W:OK.Youcanseeonourwebsitethatwehavealotofcourses.Whatareyouinterestedindoing?

M:Well,Idon'twanttopublishanything.Ijustwanttoraisethestandardofmyownwriting.

W:Yes,itdependsonwhetheryouwantto,youknow,writecreativelyorforfun.Wealsohavefiction

writingthatincludeswritingchildren'sstories.

M:Well,Iworkinanadvertisingagency,soI'dliketowritebettersothatI'dlikemysalarytorise.

W:OK,sowecansendyouourbrochureforbusinesswritingandifyouthinkitllberightforyou,

thenyoucansignup.

M:Great.Whathappensafterthat?W:Thenwesendyouthecoursepack.

聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第14至16題。

14.Howdoesthemanthinkthetimetableshouldbe?

A.Creative.B.Standard.C.Tight.

15.Whatisthelasteventbeforelunch?

A.Thethrowingevents.

B.Thejumpingevents.

C.Thelongdistancerace.

16.Whywillthe100mracebethelasteventintheday?

A.Itattractsgreatinterest.

B.Itdemandsalotofpreparations.

C.Theschooldoesn'tpayattentiontothisevent.

【答案】

14.B15.B16.A

【原文】

W:Ihavenoideaabouthowtofinishthetimetable.

M:Youdon'thavetobeverycreative.It'sverystandardandmoreorlessthesameeveryyear.For

instance,thesportsdaybeginswiththrowingevents.Alljumpingeventslakeplacebeforelunch.

W:Why?

M:That'sbecausetheschooldoesn'twanttheathletestojumpaftereating.*1Thejumpingeventstake

placeafterthethrowingevents.Andthelongdistanceracetakesplacebeforejumpingevents.

W:Andafterlunch?

M:Actually,theschooldoesn*twantanyeventstotakeplaceinthattime.Buttheycanpractiseforthe

nextevent.

W:Doyoumeanthe100mrace?

M:Yes.Itseemstobethemostexcitingevent,soittakesplaceattheendoftheday,whichisover

around5:00p.m.

聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。

17.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?

A.Acountry.B.Alanguage.C.Asport.

18.WhicharethemostimportantislandsinNewZealand?

A.NorthandStewartIsland.

B.SouthandStewartIsland.

C.NorthandSouthIsland.

19.WhatisAucklandknownfor?

A.Thehottestweather.

B.Thesailingboats.

C.Thebeautifulharbor.

20.WhichactivityisthemostpopularintheSouthAlps?

A.Skiing.B.Climbing.C.Skydiving.

【答案】

17.A18.C19.B20.A

【原文】

NewZealandisintheSouthPacific,aboutonethousandtwohundredmilessoutheastofAustralia.It's

notaverybigcountry,aboutthesamesizeasGreatBritain,butithasamuchsmallerpopulation,only

3.5million.Therearetwoofficiallanguages,EnglishandMaori.

NewZealandisdividedintotwomainislands,NorthIslandandSouthIsland.Thentothesouthof

SouthIslandthere'samuchsmallerislandcalledStewartIsland,butanyway,themostimportantislands

areNorthandSouthIsland.MostpeopleliveintheNorthIsland,andthafswherethetwobiggestcities

are,Wellingtonthecapitalcity,andAucklandwhichisactuallythebiggestcityintermsofpopulation:

overonemillionpeoplelivethere.WellingtonisonthesouthcoastofNorthIsland.It'saverynice

placewithabeautifulharbor.AucklandisinthenortheastofNorthIsland,onthecoasttoo.Peoplecall

it"thecityofsails“becauseofallthesailingboatsthere,andalltheareatothenorthofAucklandis

knownasNorthland.lt?sthehottestpartofthecountrywithlotsofbeaches,verypopularforholidays.

BothNorthandSouthareverymountainous.ThereareseveralvolcanoesonNorthIsland,and

SouthIslandisreallydividedintotwohalvesbyabigrangeofmountainsthatrunsfromnorthtosouth,

calledtheSouthAlps.They'reverybeautiful,withlotsoflakesinthesouth.That'stheareawheremost

peoplegoskiing,andsomedootheradventuresportssuchasclimbingorskydiving.

第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分37?5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

Theindependenceyouwant,thesafetyyouneed!

Inemergenciesbigorsmall,justpressthebuttonontheLivelyMobilePlustospeaktoour

highly-trainedUrgentResponseAgents24/7.TheLivelyMobilesPlushasthefastestcallresponsetime,

themostreliablenetworkcoverageandperfectGPStechnology.Also,therearenolong-termcontracts,

nocancelingfeesandnoequipmenttoinstall.Therefore,it'soneofthemostaffordablemobilemedical

warningsystemsyoucan.

TheLivelyMobilePlushastwo-waycommunicationthatworkslikeacellphoneoutsidethehome.

UsinghighGPSaccuracy,Agentswillconfirmyourlocation,assesssituationandgetyouthehelpyou

need.Ithasalong-lastingbatteryandit'swaterproof,soitgoesanywhereandeverywherethatyoudo.

WithourFallDetectionservice,Agentscansendhelpevenifyou'reunabletopressthebutton.

FallDetectionworkswithUrgentResponseandourspeciallydesignedlanyardtosensethesudden

movementofafall.Ifyouareunabletopressthebutton,theLivelyMobilePluswillautomaticallycall

anUrgentResponseAgent.

TherearethreemonthlyHealth&SafetyPackagesforyoutochoosefrom:

FunctionsBasic$19.99Preferred$29.99Ultimate$39,99

UrgentResponseq

UrgentCareq

GreatcallLink4

FallDetection

FirstMonthFreewklenboughtat:

畫(huà)叩

Plus,AARPmemberscansave$60peryearonthePreferredorUltimatePlan.

21.LivelyMobilePlusismostusefulfor.

A.anoldmanlivingaloneB.aprimaryschoolstudent

C.acouplewithlittlekidsD.ateenagerstudyingabroad

22.HowmuchshouldanAARPmemberpayperyearifhebuysaLivelyMobilePluswithFall

DetectionserviceatBESTBUY?

A.$269.89.B.$379.89.

C.$439.89.D.$479.88.

23.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutLivelyMobilePlusisNOTtrue?

A.Theservicecanbecancelledfornothing.

B.Itcanbeusedintheshowerorintherain.

C.Urgentresponseisavailablearoundtheclock.

D.ItprovidesallDetectionservicewithanypackage.

【語(yǔ)篇解讀】

本文是應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了可以幫助獨(dú)居老人出現(xiàn)緊急情況時(shí)的呼叫設(shè)備LivelyMobilePlus。

21.A【解析】推理判斷題。文章標(biāo)題提到"Theindependenceyouwant,thesafetyyouneed!（你想

要的獨(dú)立，你需要的安全）”：文章最后一段中提到“WithourFallDetectionservice,Agentscan

sendhelpevenifyou'reunabletopressthebuttonsensethesuddenmovementofafall.（有

了我們的跌倒檢測(cè)服務(wù)，即使你無(wú)法按下按鈕，工作人員也可以發(fā)送幫助……感知突然的

跌倒）"可推知，LivelyMobilePlus對(duì)獨(dú)居的老人是最適用的。故選A。

22.B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。表格中顯示FallDetection服務(wù)是終極套餐里，每個(gè)月的價(jià)格為$39.99；

根據(jù)"FirstMonthFreewhenboughtat:BESTBUY”可知,在BESTBUY購(gòu)買(mǎi)，第一個(gè)月是免費(fèi)

的；"Plus,AARPmemberscansave$60peryearonthePreferredorUltimatePlan.（此外，美國(guó)

退休人員協(xié)會(huì)會(huì)員購(gòu)買(mǎi)優(yōu)先或終極計(jì)劃一年可節(jié)省$60）"可知，美國(guó)退休人員協(xié)會(huì)（AARP）

會(huì)員在BESTBUY購(gòu)買(mǎi)，一年的費(fèi)用為$39.99*（12-1卜$60=$379.89。故選B。

23.D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。表格中顯示FallDetection（跌倒檢測(cè)）只在"Ultimate$39.99（終極套餐

$39.99）”里才包括，不是任意一個(gè)套餐都提供跌倒檢測(cè)服務(wù)。故選D。

B

Sportsfandomisaboutmorethanjustentertainment.Itcanboostyourself-esteem（自尊）and

makeyouhappier—andyoudon'thavetorootforthewinningteamtogainthebenefits.

Beingasportsfanisa“verypsychologicallyhealthyactivity,5,saysDanielWann,professorat

MurrayStateUniversitywhoseresearchprogramcentersonthepsychologyofsportfandom.Fandom

connectsustootherlike-mindedpeople,whichsatisfiesourhumanneedforbelonging,hesays.

Theserelationshipsaresignificant:Peoplewhoidentifyassportsfanshavehigherlevelsof

self-esteem,lowerlevelsoflonelinessandtendtobemoresatisfiedwiththeirlivescomparedtothose

whoaren'tinterestedinsports,Wannsays.Fanstendtohavemoreaccesstosocialsupport,helpand

resourcesaswell.Researchsuggeststhatwhenpeoplehavesupportfromtheircommunities,theyhave

betterhealth.

Beyondbonding,fansgettoenjoythepsychologicalbenefitsofwinning,eveniftheyhavenothing

todowiththeplayersorgames,saysStephenReysen,associateprofessoratTexasA&M

University-Commercewhostudiesidentityandfandom.

*"Individualsfeelthatthefaninterest(inthiscaseasportteam)isapartofthem,^^Reysensays.

“Sowhentheteamiswinning,youfeellikeyouarewinningeventhoughyouarenotaplayer.^^

Ofcourse,teamssometimeslose.

So,whydopeoplecontinuetoputtheirfaithbehindteamsthattendtolose?Peoplewhofeela

strongpsychologicalconnectiontoateamaremorelikelytorootforateamwhenthey'rehavinga

losingseason,Reysensays.

“Sportsfandomhasnothingtodowiththeoutcomeofagame,“Wannsays.Forexample,ifapizza

restaurantcontinuallygotyourorderwrong,you'dlikelyswitchtoamorereliableone.Butbecause

beingafanissocentraltopeople'sidentities,peoplearewillingtoacceptdefeatandcontinuetobe

loyaltoateam.

Beingpartofafancommunitycanalsohelppeoplecopewithlosses.A2019studyfoundthat

watchingafootballgamewithotherfanshelpstoeasethenegativepsychologicaleffectsoflosing.

“Forfansofthelosingteam,sharingthepainmayhaveprotectedthemfromlosingself-esteem,

SilviaKnobloch-Westerwick,co-authorofthestudyandprofessorofcommunicationatTheOhioState

Universitysaidinarelease.

24.Accordingtothepassage,whydosportsfansfeelhappier?

A.Becausetheycouldgainthebenefitsfromthewinningteam.

B.Becausetheycansharepainsandhappinesswithpeoplewhohavethecommoninterests.

C.Becausetheycouldhavealowlevelofself-esteem.

D.Becausemostofthemareoptimistic.

25.Whatisthesignificanceoftherelationshipsbetweensportsfans?

A.Sportsfanshavesupportfromtheirfavoriteteams.

B.Sportsfanshavehigherlevelsofloneliness.

C.Sportsfansarelikelymorecontentwiththeirlives.

D.Sportsfanstendtocomparethemselvestothosewhoaren'tinterestedinsports.

26.Accordingtothepassage,iftheteamhasalosingseason,thesportsfansmay.

A.displaytheiridentities

B.haveaboostofself-esteem

C.notsupporttheteamanymore

D.haveanegativepsychologyperiod

27.Accordingtothepassage,whatcanhelpsportsfansdealwithlossesoftheirteam?

A.Beingpartoftheteam.

B.Orderingapizzainadifferentrestaurant.

C.Sharingthepainwithfamilymembers.

D.Theloyaltytotheteam.

【語(yǔ)篇解讀】

這是一篇說(shuō)明文，文章主要講述成為體育迷可以增強(qiáng)自尊，對(duì)生活的滿(mǎn)意度更高及其原因。

24.B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句"Fandomconnectsustootherlike-mindedpeople,

whichsatisfiesourhumanneedforbelonging,hesays.(他說(shuō)，粉絲圈將我們與其他志同道合的

人連接在?起，這滿(mǎn)足了我們?nèi)祟?lèi)歸屬感的需求。廠(chǎng)可知，成為體育迷可以和志同道合的

人分享痛苦和快樂(lè)，所以他們感覺(jué)更開(kāi)心。故選B項(xiàng)。

25.C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Peoplewhoidentifyassportsfhnshavehigherlevelsof

self-esteem,lowerlevelsoflonelinessandtendtobemoresatisfiedwiththeirlivescomparedto

thosewhoaren'tinterestedinsports,Wannsays.(Wann說(shuō),與那些對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)不感興趣的人相比,

那些被認(rèn)為是體育迷的人有更高的自尊水平，更少的孤獨(dú)感，而且往往對(duì)自己的生活更滿(mǎn)

意。）“可知，體育迷之間關(guān)系的意義在于體育迷可能對(duì)他們的生活更滿(mǎn)意。故選C項(xiàng)。

26.D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“A2019studyfoundthatwatchingafbotball

gamewithotherfanshelpstoeasethenegativepsychologicaleffectsoflosing.（2019年的一項(xiàng)

研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，與其他球迷一起觀看足球比賽有助于緩解輸球帶來(lái)的負(fù)面心理影響可知，如

果球隊(duì)的賽季輸了，體育迷可能會(huì)有一個(gè)消極的心理時(shí)期。故選D項(xiàng)。

27.D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段最后一句“Butbecausebeingafanissocentraltopeople's

identities,peoplearewillingtoacceptdefeatandcontinuetobeloyaltoateam.（但因?yàn)榍蛎陨?/p>

份是一個(gè)人身份的核心，人們?cè)敢饨邮苁?，并繼續(xù)忠誠(chéng)于一個(gè)球隊(duì)。戶(hù)可知，對(duì)球隊(duì)的

忠誠(chéng)能幫助球迷應(yīng)對(duì)球隊(duì)的失敗。故選D項(xiàng)。

C

ThereisaschoolinmyManhattanneighbourhoodthathasbeengivingoutfreemealsduringthe

Covid-19pandemic-andeverytimeIwalkpastitthelineseemslonger.Acommunityfridgerecently

showedupacoupleofblocksaway;it'soneofmanythatactivistshavefixedacrossthecitytofight

againstgrowingfoodinsecurity.Justaroundthecornerthere'sayoungwomanwhohasbecomea

regularamongthebeggarsIusuallyseeinthearea.ShelostherjobbecauseofCovid-19.

It'snotalldoomandgloom.Whilethepooraregettingpoorer,the1%aremakingoutlikerobbers.

America's600-plusbillionairessawtheirwealthgrowbymorethan$700bninthefirstfewmonthsof

thepandemic.Duringthesameperiod,morethan50millionAmericanworkerslosttheirjobs.TheUS

governmenthasprintedtrillionsofdollarsineconomicreliefbutmanyoftheforgivableemergency

loansforsmallbusinessesseemtohavebeentakenbythesuper-rich.Mylocalindependentcoffeeshop

hascloseddown,butKanyeWestreceivedapartiallyforgivableloanworthatleast$2m.Itisbecoming

increasinglyclearthattheUSisexperiencingoneofthebiggestwealthtransfersinhistory.

BernieSandershasaplantohelp.Lastweek,Sandersintroducedabill,MakeBillionairesPayAct,

thatwouldestablishaone-time60%taxonbillionaires'pandemicgainsandusethemoneytoguarantee

Americansfreehealthcareforayear.Thereisverylittlechancethebillwillgetpassed.

Billionairesshouldn'texistinthefirstplace-theideathattheyshouldbetaxedatahigherrate

duringapandemictohelppayhealthcareshouldn'tberemotelycontroversial.However,therearesome

whothinksuchamovewouldbeextremelyunfairto“poorunfbrtunate^^billionaireswho,asweall

know,areoneofthemostunfairlyhurtgroupsintheworld.

28.Howdoestheauthordevelopthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Bylistingnumbers.B.Bygivingdefinitions.

C.Bypresentingarguments.D.Bymakingcontrasts.

29.Theunderlinedsentence"It'snotalldoomandgloom.^^impliesthat.

A.thewriterdoesn'tfeeldepressedatall

B.thecurrentsituationofCovid-19isgettingbetter

C.thewomanhassufferedmorethanwecanimagine

D.thebillionairesstillmakeprofitsduringthepandemic

30.Thebill,MakeBillionairesPayAct,wasputforwardto.

A.ridthecountryofpandemic

B.restrictthebillionaires'fortune

C.provideshort-termloansforhealthcare

D.ensuretemporaryfreemedicalservice

31.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthebillionaires?

A.Disapproving.B.Disappointed.

C.Sympathetic.D.Respectful.

【語(yǔ)篇解讀】

這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述了在新冠病毒期間美國(guó)的貧富差距，并提到了一個(gè)法案，通過(guò)提

高富人的稅率納稅來(lái)幫助支付其他美國(guó)人的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用。

28.D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段"ThereisaschoolinmyManhattanneighbourhoodthathas

beengivingoutfreemealsduringtheCovid-19pandemic-andeverytimeIwalkpastittheline

seemslonger.（我住的曼哈頓社區(qū)有一所學(xué)校，在Covid-19大流行期間一直在發(fā)放免費(fèi)餐

食一一每次經(jīng)過(guò)它，排隊(duì)的人似乎都更長(zhǎng)了。）〃可知，第一段主要講述了在新冠病毒期間，

美國(guó)一些不富裕的人依靠救濟(jì)生活的狀況，第二段"America's600-plusbillionairessawtheir

wealthgrowbymorethan$700bninthefirstfewmonthsofthepandemic.Duringthesame

period,morethan50millionAmericanworkerslosttheirjobs.（在疫情爆發(fā)的頭幾個(gè)月里，美

國(guó)600多名億萬(wàn)富翁的財(cái)富增長(zhǎng)了逾7000億美元。在同一時(shí)期，超過(guò)5000萬(wàn)美國(guó)工人失

去了工作。）〃說(shuō)明在新冠病毒期間，美國(guó)富人反而賺了更多的錢(qián)?？梢?jiàn)，作者對(duì)第一、二

段通過(guò)對(duì)比的手法展開(kāi)，體現(xiàn)了美國(guó)的貧富差距之大。故選D項(xiàng)。

29.D【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段“America's600-plusbillionairessawtheirwealthgrowbymore

than$700bninthefirstfewmonthsofthepandemic.Duringthesameperiod,morethan50

millionAmericanworkerslosttheirjobs.（在疫情爆發(fā)的頭幾個(gè)月里,美國(guó)600多名億萬(wàn)富

翁的財(cái)富增長(zhǎng)了逾7000億美元。在同一時(shí)期，超過(guò)5000萬(wàn)美國(guó)工人失去了工作。）〃可知，

第二段主要講述了在新冠病毒期間，美國(guó)富人反而賺了更多的錢(qián)。第二段和第一段形成對(duì)

比，以體現(xiàn)美國(guó)的貧富差距之大，因此，作者這里說(shuō)"It'snotalldoomandgloom.（這不全

是厄運(yùn)和陰郁。）〃顯然是在反諷，說(shuō)明億萬(wàn)富翁們?cè)诖罅餍衅陂g仍在盈利。故選D項(xiàng)。

30.D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。week,Sandersintroducedabill,MakeBillionairesPay

Act,thatwouldestablishaone-time60%taxonbillionaires'pandemicgainsandusethemoney

toguaranteeAmericansfreehealthcareforayear.（上周，Sanders提H：｛了一項(xiàng)與去案《ih

億萬(wàn)富翁支付法案》，該法案將對(duì)億萬(wàn)富翁的流行病收益征收一次性60%的稅，并用這筆

錢(qián)來(lái)保證美國(guó)人一年的免費(fèi)醫(yī)療保健。）〃可知，Sanders提出的這項(xiàng)法案是用富人的錢(qián)去

保證美國(guó)人一年的免費(fèi)治療。因此這項(xiàng)法案的目的是保證美國(guó)人暫時(shí)的免費(fèi)醫(yī)療服務(wù)。故

選D項(xiàng)。

31.A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"Billionairesshouldn'texistinthefirstplace-theideathat

theyshouldbetaxedatahigherrateduringapandemictohelppayhealthcareshouldn'tbe

remotelycontroversial.（億萬(wàn)富翁本來(lái)就不應(yīng)該存在在流感大流行期間，他們應(yīng)該以更

高的稅率來(lái)幫助支付醫(yī)療保健費(fèi)用，這一點(diǎn)根本就不應(yīng)該引起爭(zhēng)議〃可知，作者認(rèn)為億

萬(wàn)富翁本來(lái)就不應(yīng)該存在，說(shuō)明作者對(duì)億萬(wàn)富翁是反對(duì)的。故選A項(xiàng)。

D

Ifyou'veeverwatchedPlanetEarth,youknowtheoceanisawildplacetolive.Thewateris

fullofdifferentecosystemsandorganismsvaryingincomplexityfromaneruditeoctopustoaseastar.

Unexpectedly,itistheseastar,asimpleorganismcharacterizedbyadecentralized（分散的）nervous

system,thatoffersinsightsintoadvancedadaptationtohydrodynamicforces—theforcescreatedby

waterpressureandflow.

Researchersfoundthatseastarseffectivelystayattachedtosurfacesunderextremehydrodynamic

loadsbyalteringtheirshape.Seastarscreatea"downforce0duetotheirshape.Thismeanthatinstead

ofbeingliftedbytheflowforces,theseastarsarepusheddownwardtowardtherockorfloorsurface

theyareon.

"Seastarsareincrediblyadaptive,nsaidLuhar,assistantprofessor.4<Whenthereishighwave

activityandhighwaterforces,seastarswillgrowskinnierandtakeonalowerprofile（姿態(tài)）.Whenthe

seastaristransportedtoashelteredenvironmentwithlowerhydrodynamicforces,theypopupabitand

theircrosssectionsgetbigger.'1

Understandingsuchshapeshiftingcouldhelpdesignunderwaterrobotsthatcansimilarlyadaptto

extremehydrodynamicenvironments,Luharsaid.

Theresearcherstestedthisunderstandingofseastarshapeanditsimpactonforceinthewaterwith

bothcomputationaland3-Dprintedmodels.U4Rightawaywhatwenoticed,"Luharsaid,"isthatinstead

oftheseastarsbeingpulledawayfromthesurfacestheywereon,theywerebeingpusheddown-

simplybecauseoftheirshape.”

Luharsaidtheresearcherssawthisdownforceeffectaskeytohowtheseastar-andinthefuture,

anunderwaterrobotcouldstayattchedtoaseabedorarockasopposedtobeingliftedupawayfromit,

eveninthemostextremeconditions.

32.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whatimpressesusmostaboutaseastar?

A.Itssimpleorganism.B.Itsgreatadaptation.

C.Itsnervoussystem.D.Isphysicalappearance.

33.Howdoesaseastarmanagetostaywhereitisunderextremewaterflow?

A.Bycreatingupwardforce.B.Byshiftingitsshape.

C.Byliftingitselfupward.D.Byexpandingitssize.

34.Whatistherealvalueofthefindingsabouttheseastar?

A.Wecandevelop3-Dprintedmodels.

B.Wecanattachseastarstotheseabed.

C.Wecanmaketechnologicaladvances.

D.Wecanchangetheextremeconditions.

35.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Canwemakearobotadaptiveunderwater?

B.Areseastarsincrediblyadvancedcreatures?

C.Arescientistsabletodesignunderwaterrobot?

D.Canwetransformseastars'shapeveryflexibly?

【語(yǔ)篇解讀】

這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，在極端的水動(dòng)力載荷下，海星通過(guò)改變形狀

而有效地附著在表面，這種發(fā)現(xiàn)能夠幫助我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)能夠同樣適應(yīng)極端水動(dòng)力環(huán)境的水下機(jī)器人。

32,B［解析］推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Unexpectedly,itistheseastar,asimpleorganism

characterizedbyadecentralized（分散的）nervoussystem,thatoffersinsightsintoadvanced

adaptationtohydrodynamicforces—theforcescreatedbywaterpressureandflow.（出乎意料

地，正是海星，一種特征是分散的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的簡(jiǎn)單的有機(jī)體，讓我們對(duì)高級(jí)的適應(yīng)水動(dòng)力

的能力有/深入了解——水動(dòng)力是由水壓和水流產(chǎn)生的力）”可知，海星給我們印象最深的

是它的適應(yīng)能力。故選B。

33,B［解析］細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Researchersfoundthatseastarseffectivelystayattached

tosurfacesunderextremehydrodynamicloadsbyalteringtheirshape.（研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，在極端

的水動(dòng)力載荷下，海星通過(guò)改變形狀而有效地附著在表面廣可知，海星依靠改變形狀待在

極端水流下。故選風(fēng)

34.C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Understandingsuchshapeshiftingcouldhelpdesign

underwaterrobotsthatcansimilarlyadapttoextremehydrodynamicenvironments,Luhar

said.（Luhar說(shuō)，理解這種形狀改變可以幫助我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)能夠同樣適應(yīng)極端水動(dòng)力環(huán)境的水下

機(jī)器人）“可知，對(duì)海星的這個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)能讓我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)出更先進(jìn)的機(jī)器人，即推動(dòng)技術(shù)進(jìn)步。故

選Co

35.A【解析】主旨大意題。文章前三段主要講述對(duì)海星的研究，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，在極端的水動(dòng)

力載荷下，海星通過(guò)改變形狀而有效地附著在表面，接下來(lái)開(kāi)始講述這種發(fā)現(xiàn)能夠幫助我

們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)能夠同樣適應(yīng)極端水動(dòng)力環(huán)境的水下機(jī)器人。由此可知，文章主要在講述我們能不

能設(shè)計(jì)出能適應(yīng)水下極端環(huán)境的機(jī)器人。故選Ao

第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分12?5分）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選

項(xiàng)。

Throwingawayunwantedfoodhasbecomeabigissueinthedevelopedworld.However,people

inotherpartsofworldfacefoodshortagesandarestarving.36.Theactualfigureis1.3billiontonsof

food,whichisenoughtofeedabillionhungrypeople.

37.Afterall,theydogetridofstuffthat'spastitssell-by-dateandtheyoftenrefusetosell

vegetablesorfruitthatarethewrongshapeorlookdamaged.They'vealsobeencriticizedfor

encouragingcustomerstobuymorethantheyneedthroughpromotionssuchas'buyonegeto